When it comes to the Qing soldiers entering the customs, we can't avoid an important person, that is, Wu Sangui; Speaking of Wu Sangui, there is another beautiful woman who is known as the most expensive geisha in history, and that beautiful woman is Chen Yuanyuan. Speaking of Chen Yuanyuan's fame in history, it is inseparable from the poem Yuan Yuanqu written by Wu, a great talent. The poem reads: "On the day when Dinghu abandoned the world (Emperor Chongzhen died), it broke the enemy's gathering in Yujingguan (Wu Sangui rose up to recapture Beijing). All six armies are lost (all the army are crying, for what? ), rushing to the crown is a beauty (I was angry for a woman! )。 "Xie Sixin also wrote a poem saying:" Dan Xin changed for a beauty, and it is hard to forgive white-haired people in history. " This, of course, is a powerful satire on Wu Sangui's claim to lead the Qing soldiers into the customs to avenge your father, but it also gives people a misunderstanding that Wu Sangui is the biggest lover in the world and will be a traitor for a beautiful woman. So is this the truth of history? Many things may never be clear, because we are not Wu Sangui, of course, we can't know what he really thinks, but we can infer what his anger is from some historical facts! [Transferred from Tiexue Community]1644 (17th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty) On March 18, a peasant uprising army led by Li Zicheng invaded Beijing, the capital of Ming Dynasty, and Emperor Chongzhen Zhu Youjian hanged himself in Jingshan Park. The next day, wearing a felt hat and light green clothes, Li Zicheng rode a black barge horse and marched into the northern city with a great army. According to legend, the Ming Dynasty, which ruled China for 276 years, fell apart in the16th generation. Obviously, the peasant uprising army has entered a new stage of development. In the short 42 days after entering Beijing, Li Zicheng has done some fruitful work in the construction of the new regime. After Li Zicheng entered Beijing, he did a lot of work in destroying and abolishing the Ming regime and establishing and enriching the peasant regime at all levels: for example, perfecting the official system and setting up officials at all levels; Open a department to recruit scholars, unite feudal intellectuals who support the peasant regime, etc. At the same time, the "Bi Xiang Zhen Fu Si" hosted by Liu Zongmin and Lee Guo was also established, specializing in suppressing feudal bureaucratic landlords and recovering compensation. But in the face of victory, the top of the peasant army is still a farmer after all, and can't stand the material temptation of colorful cities. They soon exposed some internal contradictions, manifested in lax military discipline and pursuit of pleasure. They began to want to enjoy the "landlord's old wealth" life, occupy luxury houses and be greedy for money, completely unaware of the arduous task ahead, and did not understand the revolutionary truth that "the revolution is still successful, and it still needs hard work." Between generals, in order to compete for money and profit, they cannot unite; The strength of the team is expanding, the salary is difficult, the rectification training can't keep up, and the combat effectiveness is weakened; A large number of bureaucratic landlords infiltrated the peasant revolutionary ranks, which brought many feudal corrupt habits; It is a necessary revolutionary measure to pursue and attack aristocratic bureaucrats, but the punishment is too heavy, the scope of attack is too large, there is no distinction between one evil and another, and the strategy is improper. The peasant uprising army exposed many insurmountable weaknesses. At that time, General Yan Li put forward four suggestions: First, Li Zicheng ascended the throne; Second, treat the memorial service differently; Third, the army withdrew from outside Beijing; Fourth, surrender to Wu Sangui. But these four suggestions, which are extremely important and beneficial to the peasant army, have not been fully realized soon. So it is no accident that the peasant army was defeated. Although the Ming Dynasty perished, those "relics of the old dynasty" were unwilling to quit the historical stage. They are always ready to fight back, especially in Shanhaiguan, not far from Beijing, where 40,000 elite soldiers led by Wu Sangui, the company commander of Ningyuan in the Ming Dynasty, directly threaten Beijing's security. Speaking of Wu Sangui, he comes from a rich family. His father Wu Xiang was a military general in the Ming Dynasty. He himself was born in martial arts, but he can play anything in eighteen martial arts, and he is also a leader among his peers. Relying on the shadow that his father was the prefect of Beijing camp, he attacked Jue as the company commander of Liaodong. And his uncle Zu Dashou is also a powerful figure in Liaodong area. Emperor Chongzhen sent Wu Sangui to the Ningyuan area outside the customs at the critical moment, which shows his esteem. Wu Sangui, as the son of his family, has 40,000 chosen men under his command, which is really a bit of a sublime trend. The Qing soldiers didn't compete with Wu Sangui and couldn't figure out all his details, so they had scruples about Liaodong company commanders. If they can bypass him, they would rather take more detours. Before the Qing soldiers raided Shanhaiguan, they deliberately avoided the narrow passage from Ningyuan to Shanhaiguan, but bypassed Inner Mongolia and entered xifengkou and other passes. [Transferred from Tiexue Community/] Before Li Zicheng captured Beijing, Wu Sangui's bosses Hong Chengchou, Uncle Zu Dashou and most of the political groups had surrendered to the Qing Dynasty. Huang Taiji used Wu Sangui's special relationship with these people to persuade him to surrender. Hong Chengchou, Zu Dashou, brother Wu Sanfeng, cousin Zukefa and relatives and friends Zhang Cunren also wrote to surrender. Wu Sangui is ambiguous and hesitant. He still couldn't see clearly the strength of the Ming, Qing and peasant armies, and he didn't know who would win the battle at that time. He is a man who knows how to wait for the price, so he takes a wait-and-see attitude. When the Li Zicheng Rebels approached the capital, Emperor Chongzhen hurriedly named Wu Sangui Pingxibo, ordered him to give up Ningyuan, and led his troops into Beijing as a diligent king. Wu Sangui, after receiving the imperial edict, immediately lit up his troops and headed for Shanhaiguan pass. He was afraid that the Qing soldiers would chase him from behind when he retreated, so he adopted the method of strengthening the city wall and clearing the field. What does "clear the field" mean? It is to coerce more than 500,000 ordinary people living in Ningyuan to follow his army into the customs, tear down all the houses along the way and fill them with water. Wu Sangui thought, even if the soldiers arrived, there was no place to live, and they didn't eat or drink. They couldn't stand it, so they had to go back. He didn't expect it to kill 500 thousand people. People who have lived in Ningyuan area outside the customs for generations are suddenly forced to leave their homes. They are naturally very unhappy, and it is inevitable that they will cry all the way. In this way, the army also walked quite slowly. As soon as the motorcade arrived in Feng Run county, it was heard that the rebels rushed into the palace and Emperor Chongzhen committed suicide in Jingshan Park. Wu Sangui is a sinister careerist. When he heard the news of Emperor Chongzhen's suicide, he once threatened to "avenge and destroy the enemy" and "although he was full of thoughts, he did not hesitate", but he found that dealing with hundreds of thousands of peasant troops who had just won a great victory alone was tantamount to throwing eggs at stones and bringing about self-destruction. He thinks that since Li Zicheng has laid the foundation of the imperial city, it may be the only thrill. Tens of thousands of soldiers, how to take refuge in Li Zicheng, get high? But he thought, can the peasant army survive for a long time? When Huang Chao entered Chang 'an, he claimed to be alone and became emperor. But once upon a time, when Tang Jun called back, didn't the Daqi dynasty come for nothing? Finally, he decided to go back to Shanhaiguan to wait and see. When Li Zicheng instructed Wu Xiang to write to Wu Sangui to surrender, on the one hand, under the strong pressure of the peasant army, he accepted 42 thousand pieces of silver from the Dashun dynasty and assumed a gesture of being willing to negotiate surrender; On the other hand, he used his old relationship with the Qing Dynasty, relying on Shanhaiguan as the only way for the Qing army to enter the fortress, actively colluded with the Qing Dynasty, asked the Qing army for help, and * * * with the peasant army in Li Zicheng. Wu Sangui's recruiting action was exactly what the rulers of Qing Dynasty hoped. Dourgen immediately wrote back, saying that the Qing army not only wanted to suppress the peasant uprising, but also ruled the whole country, and used "taking its homeland as a vassal state" as bait to induce Wu Sangui to surrender. Wu Sangui immediately agreed to Dourgen's conditions, and further suggested: "Fortunately, Wang quickly mobilized the Tiger and Wolf Brigade and went straight to the mountains and seas to attack from beginning to end. The' anti-thief' can be captured, and the matter of Beijing can be passed on. " Visible Wu Sangui already see the situation clearly, determined to invest in a more attractive side, because the peasant army tortured and suppressed the landlords and bureaucrats, making him uneasy about the outcome of surrender to the peasant army. At this time, the Qing dynasty seems to have more momentum in the world, because after the death of Huang Taiji, Dourgen was expected to be the emperor, but he was willing to help a six-year-old child to be the emperor for internal unity, so the Qing dynasty deserved to be the emperor. Although Wu Sangui is a criminal villain, his judgment of the situation is good. After all, Hong Chengchou, Zu Dashou and others received preferential treatment after the Qing Dynasty. [Transferred from the Iron Blood Community/] After Wu Sangui made up his mind, he immediately ordered all the armed forces to wear white clothes and white armor from now on to observe a moment of silence for Emperor Chongzhen. In front of the soldiers, he cried like a bereaved man, took the soldiers to Beijing, knelt three times and knocked nine times to show his loyalty to the monarch, and did enough superficial work of "taking revenge for his father by the Qing soldiers." The leading group of peasant army lacks sufficient estimation of this serious situation. By the time Li Zicheng felt nervous and had to send troops, it was too late. Later, Li Zicheng led 200,000 peasant troops to Shanhaiguan. The peasant army and Wu Sangui stirred up a thousand waves with one stone, and the Manchu cavalry suddenly appeared in front. The peasant army was defeated in Beijing under the attack of the superior enemy. The battle of Shanhaiguan failed, and the Qing army pushed Beijing, and the situation turned sharply. The time has come for the Han bureaucrats in the north to express their opinions, turn their hatred of the peasant uprising into action, and join forces with the Qing army in large numbers. Before the peasant army entered Beijing, it won many battles and was invincible. But how quickly victory eroded this revolutionary team! After Shanhaiguan was defeated, he lost the strength and will of the whole army to fight again and defend Beijing, and decided to abandon Beijing and return to Guanzhong. When the Qing army approached Beijing, in order to further win over the Han bureaucratic landlord class, Dourgen declared: "We have come to avenge your father, and we are only here to deal with thieves. As long as you take refuge in us, you will be reinstated. " So, in the grandiose name of "revenge for your dad", a large number of Ming dynasty nobles and officials in Beijing, including those who had bowed their heads to the peasant army and confessed their sins, turned and knelt at the feet of Dourgen to welcome the Qing army into the city on the outskirts of Wuli. 1On June 6th, 644, Dourgen led the Qing army into Beijing, and publicly declared that "Yanjing is the capital of this dynasty, and all the soldiers and civilians in the world are killed by my son", which revealed the ultimate goal of the Qing army entering the customs. In the same year 10, Fu Lin, the then Qing emperor, was stationed in Beijing. 1 October 3 1,1,proclaimed himself emperor, "No. Qing Dynasty, Dingding Yanjing, Shunzhi era ",the last dynasty in China history-Qing Dynasty, was formally established. Although the Ming Dynasty has perished, there are many people in the imperial clan of the Ming Dynasty who are determined to recover the Ming Dynasty, so many small courtyards in Nanming were established under various mentalities. So what happened to the small court in Nanming, and how did these regimes finally collapse? Later, Wu Sangui went back on his word, voted for the Qing Dynasty, and finally turned against the Qing Dynasty, leaving a family of three generations to copy, leaving no children and grandchildren, and so on. All this is another story. [Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]