The most popular hanging bun in Han Dynasty is "Zhuiji". As early as the Warring States period, women living in the southwest of China had the custom of combing vertebral bun, which was more popular in the Qin and Han Dynasties and spread to the Central Plains. Because its style is very similar to the wooden pestle with handle, it is named. This hairstyle is mainly used in women's homes. A story is recorded in The History of the Later Han Dynasty: Hongliang, a poet of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was an aristocrat and married Meng Guang, the daughter of the same county. On the wedding day, Meng Guang wore luxurious and fashionable decorations. Unexpectedly, after entering the door, Hongliang refused to reply for seven days. Meng Guang realized that "it is more like a cone bun, cloth clothes, and management comes first". Hong Liang was overjoyed and couldn't help admiring: "This is really a loud wife!" . It can be seen that at that time, combing this bun was a symbol of virtue and diligence. Not only Han people like to comb, but also ethnic minorities in this period like to comb their hair in a bun, regardless of gender. "History of Han Dynasty, Biography of Southwest China": "It's all a knot, ploughing the fields and gathering the city." Another "Korean Biography": "More than a thousand people gathered in the party, and they were savage and went out of the fortress in the east." Biography of Duchamp in the Later Han Dynasty: "Try to defend Xuancheng first, and those who learn bird songs in Yuan Lin will be placed under the county, because there are no thieves in the country." Moreover, not only ordinary people love to comb, but also soldiers love to comb spines: Biography of Han Lu Jia said, "Jia Zhi, my wife and I met Jia." Fu Qian's note: "Yinzhui, today's soldiers have a bun." It can be seen that vertebral bun is a popular hairstyle in the lower classes of Han Dynasty because of its simplicity and easy combing. This kind of drooping bun has always been dominant in women's hair styles in Qin and Han Dynasties. (Figure 4 -6)
Another popular hanging bun in Han dynasty was the once famous "falling horse bun". In the Han Dynasty, when the ponytail was pulled, it was sewed from the middle and distributed with double temporal joints, which gathered at the back of the neck and hung to the back after the ponytail was pulled, so it was named because it resembled the loose and drooping shape of the ponytail after a person fell from a horse. At first glance, this kind of bun is close to the vertebral bun, but in the bun, a lock of hair hangs to one side, giving people a feeling of loose and elegant bun, which is the basic feature of bun. There are different opinions about the appearance of this hairstyle, and some say that it began when Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty. According to legend, it was written by Sun Shou, the wife of Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, so it is also called Liang Jia Ji. The latter statement seems more credible. "History of the Five Elements of the Later Han Dynasty" contains: "Yuan Jiazhong, the wife of Kyoto, made eyes, cried makeup, fell into a ponytail, bent down to laugh at dental caries. ..... It started with the action of General Ji Liang's family, but Kyoto followed closely in all summers. " "The Story of Ji Liang in the Later Han Dynasty" said: "(Shou) is as beautiful as a demon. His eyebrows are wrinkled, he cries for makeup, falls into a ponytail, bends down, laughs at dental caries and thinks it is charming." It can be seen that this hairstyle was a very seductive hairstyle at that time, so it is reasonable to be popular, which can be seen in many cultural relics of the Han Dynasty. Although ponytails were popular for some time, they didn't last long. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the number of women wearing it gradually decreased, and by the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it had completely disappeared. In the Tang Dynasty, although I saw its name again, its style was the same as the Chinese name, but it was actually different. Ponytails are not backward, but "Japanese ponytails". Wobotuo Ji evolved from Tuoma Ji. Comb method is to gather hair at the top, tie it into a bun and droop it to one side, which is basically the same as Tang style, and is usually used for young women. The beautiful Luo Fu in Han Yuefu's poem "Shang Mo Sang" is: "There is a bun on the head and a bright moon in the ear." This hairstyle lasted from the Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, and has been favored by ladies for nearly a thousand years.
In the Han Dynasty, women not only wore pendulous bun, but also wore high bun. There is a saying in the nursery rhymes of the Han dynasty that "the city is high and the square is one foot". However, due to the complexity of combing, it is mostly combed by court concubines and bureaucrats. Moreover, in more formal occasions such as entering the temple and offering sacrifices, you must comb a high bun. For example, on formal occasions in the Han Dynasty, Mingfu was used to combing hair, hair, hair and big hands. Here Guo refers to "woman", which is a bun of ancient women. This kind of steamed stuffed bun is different from ordinary steamed stuffed bun. A common bun is a bun made by adding some wigs to your hair, and a bun is an ornament that looks like a bun. Many wigs are made of silk, mane, etc., and lined with metal frames. When in use, just put it on your head and fix it with a hairpin. In a sense, it is more like a hat. For example, a dancing figurine unearthed from the tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty in the suburb of Guangzhou has an extra-large "bun" on its head with several hairpins inserted in it. At the bottom of the bun near the forehead, there is an obvious hoop, which is the image of a woman. In addition, there are many stilt buns popular in the court of the Han Dynasty, most of which are favored by the emperor and let the imperial secretary comb them. For example, "Emperor Gaozu ordered imperial secretary to comb holy bun", and (Han) Emperor Wudi ordered twelve buns. "Emperor Han Ling ordered Yao Tai's bun to be combed again". In addition, there are anti-Wan bun, Jinghu bun, Hua Chai bun, three-ring bun, four-ring bun, Xin Chou bun, Fei Xian bun, nine-ring bun, Ying Chun bun and Hang Yun bun. Women's steamed buns in the Han Dynasty are generally not decorated with ornaments, and most of them are exposed buns.
Whether it is a high bun or a hanging bun, women in the Han Dynasty like to leave a small lock of hair from the bun and hang it behind their heads, which is called "hanging beard" or "parting beard". This is the case with the falling horse steamed stuffed bun mentioned earlier. "Emperor Han Ming ordered the imperial secretary to comb the lily into curly hair", which is natural. In addition, there was a messy bun in the Han dynasty, named after its messy shape, which, as the name suggests, was Dang, and perhaps more than one lock of hair hung down. The wife of Shang Yuan, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, also likes to make a hairstyle called "triangle bun", which "makes the head into a triangle bun and the rest goes down to the waist". Although this is not "hanging", it tastes the same as "hanging", that is, elegant, free and easy, casual and informal. This hairstyle style has been popular until the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and it has been difficult to see since the Tang Dynasty.
At the beginning, women's sideburns in the Han dynasty were made in Qin dynasty and made at right angles. By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, women in many areas had arranged or bent their sideburns into hooks, which was directly related to the change of ideas.
Yong Jin
men's clothing/clothes/garments
In the Han Dynasty, crowns and hats were the main symbols to distinguish grades, including crowns, long crowns, commissioned crowns, military crowns, legal crowns and advanced crowns. According to the regulations, when the Emperor of Heaven, Qi Huangong and Doctor Qing attend the sacrificial ceremony, they should wear crowns and clothes, and they should be distinguished according to the number and quality of combs, as well as the different colors and heraldic patterns. The long crown, originally a bamboo ceremonial crown, was sewn with black silk cloth. It was made by Henkel when he rented Liu from Chu, also known as "Liu's crown". The crown looks like a leather bag, and some are like overturned cups, made of silk. Wuguan, also known as Guan Yu. Storks, commonly known as pheasants, are aggressive and will not retreat until they die. It is a title to show bravery and is worn by military attaché s at all levels at meetings. The emperor's attendants and eunuchs also wore military crowns with mink tails and cicada-patterned gold plaques. Dharma crown, also known as "loose crown". Laping is a god sheep. According to legend, it can distinguish right from wrong and is loyal, so it is worn by law enforcers. Jinxianguan is worn by Confucian scholars. Arrange the heights according to the number of beams on the crown. In addition, there are Tian Tong Crown, Yuan You Crown, Jianhua Crown and Fan Kuai Crown. In the Qin dynasty, towels and handkerchiefs were only used by soldiers. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, it was said that because Wang Mang was bald and afraid of being laughed at, he specially made a towel (some like a hat) to cover his head, and later it became a trend to wear it. Others believe that wrapping Baotou with a towel is also related to the Han and Yuan emperors. Towels are mainly in two forms: towels and towels. The top is convex, shaped like a pointed roof, called Jaeger; A flat roof is called a flat roof. Junior officials can't wear crowns, only badges. When an important person lives at home, he can also take off his hat and put on a towel. Men's wear in Qin and Han dynasties was a robe, which originated from deep clothing in pre-Qin period. At first, it was only used as the lining of clothes worn by literati or as clothing at home. Scholar-officials must add a coat and a petticoat when they go out or go to dinner to meet guests. It was not until the Eastern Han Dynasty that this kind of robe began to be used as a formal dress for officials at meetings and ceremonies. Most of them are big sleeves with obvious convergence of cuffs. The wide part of the sleeve is called cuff, and the tight part is called cuff. The collar and cuffs are decorated with lace, and the collar is mainly bare. Usually cut into a heart shape, revealing the clothes inside when wearing it. In addition, there is a big chest oblique collar, low skirt, lace collar, gown often made in a row, sometimes cut into a meniscus. Clothing is a single-layer thin robe, unlined and made of cloth or thin silk. The robes of this period can be roughly divided into two styles: one is straight and the other is curved. Ququ is a deep-seated garment in the Warring States period, which is not only worn by men, but also the most common style in women's wear. This kind of clothing is tight and narrow, with a long mop at the bottom and a trumpet-shaped hem, which is not obvious enough. The sleeves are wide and narrow, and the cuffs are edged. The collar is generally a cross collar, and the neckline is very low, revealing the clothes inside. Sometimes the collar is exposed more than three times, so it is also called "three-layer coat" Zhili, also known as Zhan Yong, which was worn by ordinary men in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is a variant of the dress, not as a formal dress, but suitable for other occasions. During the Qin and Han dynasties, men's short sleeves mainly included underwear and coats. The representative clothes of underwear are shirts and boxer shorts. A blouse, also called a sweatshirt, is a kind of undershirt underwear without sleeves. Beat is a kind of underwear with the same shape as a shirt, also known as "short-sleeved shirt". The representative clothing of the coat is V and V. Yan is a short coat with cotton wool. Because it is only knee-length, it must be worn with open-backed pants. At that time, most dignitaries made pants out of ten thousand (fine silk), so they were called "ten thousand pants". Later, the word gradually evolved into synonymous with prodigal son. Pei system was also implemented in Han dynasty. The dignitaries belong to the group. Tuantuan is an ornament made of ribbon, which can be used to tie the waist. Ribbons are tapestries used to tie buttons in Yu Pei or India. It has red, green, purple, cyan, black and yellow. It is a symbol of the power of officials in the Han Dynasty, issued by the imperial court. According to the regulations, when an official goes out, he must put the official seal in his waist pocket and hang it outside his pocket. People can judge the position of officials according to their size, color and weave.
The distribution of boys and girls should not be too bad. They all tie a bun on the left and right sides of the head, which is called the total angle. The Book of Songs: "The banquet at the General's Corner, just kidding." That's what I should talk about
The clothes of boys and girls should not be too different from those of adults, which is probably a reduced version of Hanfu.
Adult hairstyle:
Men's 20-line crown ceremony is common in film and television dramas. All their hair is combed and pulled up, with crowns and hairpins. However, only the nobility can afford it. Most poor families put a piece of cloth on a bun and tie it with a rope.
When a woman 15 years old, making a gift means tying a bun and inserting a hairpin to mark adulthood. This is how the "year of death" came about. There are many kinds of steamed buns, such as the "Nine Immortals Steamed Bun" which prevailed in the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. There is also a cloud bun, and the simpler one is a poncho or a bun circle.
Adult clothing:
Western Han costumes (men's wear):
Men's deep clothes in Han Dynasty. Men's clothing styles in Han Dynasty can be roughly divided into Qu Luan and Zhi Luan. Qu Qu, that is, the deep clothes popular in the Warring States period. It was still used in the Han Dynasty, but it was more common in the early Western Han Dynasty. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was rare for men to wear deep clothes, usually straight clothes, but they could not be used as formal clothes.
Western Han costumes (women's clothing):
Women's deep clothing in Han Dynasty is not only worn by men, but also the most common clothing style in women's clothing, which is reflected in many image materials. This kind of clothing is tight and narrow, long and easy to drag, and its hem is generally trumpet-shaped and does not show its feet. Sleeves are wide and narrow, and cuffs are mostly wrapped. The collar part is very distinctive, usually a cross collar, and the neckline is very low to expose underwear. In addition, the tight-fitting clothes with narrow sleeves in Han Dynasty. After many twists and turns, the clothes were wrapped around the hips and tied with ribbons. There are also exquisite and gorgeous patterns painted on the clothes.
Weaving Luan in Han Dynasty (women's dress, different from Qu Luan)
Both men and women can wear it in Han Dynasty. This kind of dress appeared as early as the Western Han Dynasty, but it can't be used as a formal dress. The reason is that ancient trousers had no crotch, only two legs were covered to the knees and tied to the waist with a belt. This kind of crotch-less trousers will be exposed without a coat, which was considered as disrespectful at that time. So it is necessary to wear colorful clothes outside. Later, with the increasingly complete clothing, the form of pants has also been improved, and crotch pants have appeared. As a result of the improvement of underwear, it is redundant to wrap the deep clothes around the front, so after the Eastern Han Dynasty, straight lines gradually became popular, replacing the deep clothes.
The costumes of ordinary people in Han dynasty;
It was stipulated in the Han Dynasty that people were not allowed to wear clothes of various colors, but only natural linen. It was not until the end of the Western Han Dynasty (BC 13) that civilians were allowed to wear green clothes. The ban on businessmen is stricter. But there seems to be no strict system in the style of clothing. From the unearthed pottery figurines and portrait bricks of the Han Dynasty, it can be seen that the workers wear a bun, a hat, a towel or a hat, and almost all the clothes they wear are lapels, knees and narrow sleeves.