The real interest rate is close to 17%, comparable to P2P.
"Customers should upload relevant consumption vouchers as soon as possible, and receipts can be used without invoices." A customer service staff of a bank said that the regulatory authorities have clearly stipulated that "receipts or transaction contracts (agreements) should not be used instead of proof materials for consumer loans."
"Making ends meet" can only be regarded as a manifestation of bank loans, and high price or even "more expensive than P2P" is another face of banks for unsecured and unsecured high-risk loans.
Among all kinds of unsecured and unsecured loans, credit card cash installment business is actually an alternative one, which seems to be as risky, but banks hold the core big data of borrowers, and its annualized rate of 16% or even 17% is really enough to make many P2P companies greedy.
The superficial interest rate of cash installment is very low.
The actual income is amazing.
On the official website of many banks, cash installment business appears on the front page or the front page of credit card channel. The biggest feature of bank credit card cash installment business is that it does not need any mortgage and guarantee. After the customer's application is approved, he can get the money as soon as the next working day. At present, different banks have different requirements for the loan ceiling of this business, and the maximum loan amount ranges from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of yuan.
Although the scale can't compare with the enterprise loans of hundreds of millions of yuan, the cash installment business can be said to be one of the businesses closest to the so-called "profiteering" of banks, and its price is quite high for banks.
Take a credit card installment business with a total amount of 12000 yuan as an example. According to the installment period, banks charge different fees. The customer service staff of a credit card center of a joint-stock bank told this reporter, "If you choose to divide the period by 12 months or more, the handling fee will be charged at 0.75% per month; If it is only divided into three phases, the handling fee will be charged at 0.95% per month. " Based on this calculation, the total fee expenditure of 12-month installment is12000 * 0.75% *12 =1080 yuan; The total handling fee for three-month installment is 12000*0.95%*3=342 yuan. On the surface, the annualized rate of the above fees is around 9%, but in fact, the bank's rate of return is far more than that.
According to the official website data of the Bank, the installment fee for users is calculated by multiplying the initial installment amount by a certain rate coefficient, not by the remaining monthly loan amount.
However, taking the above loan of 12000 yuan as an example, it is obvious that the cardholder does not always use the loan amount of 12000 yuan, but decreases month by month. Considering the average capital occupation of 12 months and 3 months, the monthly decline rate is 1000 yuan and 4000 yuan respectively. According to this calculation, the average monthly capital occupation is about 6500 yuan and 8000 yuan.
According to the calculation method considering the declining factor of each period, the actual handling fee rate of 12 period is 1080/6500, and the result is 16.6%, while the annualized handling fee rate of the third period is higher, reaching 17.5438+0%.
The fee standards of different banks are not consistent (for example, the average monthly rate of another bank is 0.85%, but there is little difference).
Just from the perspective of rates, the "profiteering" degree of cash installment business has been comparable to that of P2P. The February P2P online loan industry monthly report released by Online Loan House recently shows that the comprehensive rate of return of P2P industry fell to 15.46% in February, and it is estimated that by the end of this year, the comprehensive rate of return of the industry will fall to 12% to 13%. It should be noted that the comprehensive rate of return of P2P industry is the rate of return of investors, and the capital cost of enterprises often adds about 1.5% to the platform fee. At present, the average level has generally reached 17%.
However, in terms of asset quality, the overall quality of the bank's cash installment business should be better than P2P, because its loan customers are actually selected from the existing ordinary credit card customers of the bank, and the analysis data held by the bank is more detailed. Moreover, according to the regulations, the fund use of credit card cash installment business must be within the scope stipulated by the bank, and it should not be used for investment (including but not limited to equity investment such as house purchase, stocks and futures), but only for consumption (including but not limited to decoration, home appliances, wedding, car purchase, student aid, tourism, medical care, etc.). ).
However, the asset quality of loan customers in P2P industry is often mixed, and the investment of funds is uncertain. Some funds flow into investment terminals such as futures, stock market and property market, and the risks are further amplified. From the risk pricing principle of credit funds, the bank's cash installment business pricing is stronger than P2P industry.
Receipt as proof
Compliance is questionable.
If the loan is "expensive", how can banks ensure the use and safety of funds? The core answer is proof of consumption.
The requirements of banks are basically the same, that is, cardholders must keep the relevant consumption vouchers for cash payment successfully obtained by cash installment. "Customers should upload relevant consumption vouchers as soon as possible. If there is no invoice, a receipt will do, and the details will be reviewed by a special background audit department, "said the customer service staff of a credit card center of a listed bank in an unannounced interview with our reporter.
According to the reporter's understanding, if the cardholder fails to upload relevant vouchers or cannot prove that the above cash payment is used for the agreed purpose, it constitutes a breach of contract, and the bank may require the cash installment customer to pay the installment balance and handling fee in one lump sum. When asked by a reporter, the customer service staff of the bank only said that it might be necessary to pay off the voucher in advance, but did not mean that the customer needed to pay liquidated damages or be blacklisted.
Similar to the nature of cash installment, ordinary bank consumer loans that are not based on credit cards do not need mortgage and guarantee, and need to be invested in specific consumption areas, with a quota and a term of up to one million yuan and ten years respectively.
Last year, Beijing Banking Regulatory Bureau issued the Notice of Beijing Banking Regulatory Bureau on Risk Warning in the Field of Personal Comprehensive Consumer Loans in official website, saying: "In the daily supervision, our bureau found that the content of individual comprehensive consumer loan system of individual banks is not prudent enough, and the loan amount is large and the term is long, which obviously does not match the daily consumption attributes; Problems such as dereliction of duty in loan investigation, lax examination and approval, poor post-loan management, and lax employee behavior management have caused loans to be misappropriated for stock market investment, house purchase, production and operation. " The Notice also requires that banks "should strengthen post-loan inspection through on-site investigation, account monitoring and interviews with relevant parties. Receipts or transaction contracts (agreements) shall not be used to replace the proof of loan use. "
In other words, the "just uploaded receipt" in the customer service mouth of the above-mentioned joint-stock bank proves that the use of the cash installment loan is suspected of not meeting the regulatory requirements.
According to the reporter's understanding, even if banks really have strict post-loan management and require real consumer invoices, there are still loopholes in the cash installment business of consumer loans or credit cards.
The loan officer of a guarantee company contacted by the reporter once said that the company can handle consumer loans without asking about the real use of funds. The core of its "success" is that the company cooperates with many sellers of luxury accessories such as ornaments, antiques and mahogany furniture. If it is a commercial loan, the amount can be very large.
According to the requirements of the regulatory authorities, "for loans entrusted for payment, sales invoices should be used as proof of the authenticity of the trade background; Self-paid loans should be based on sales invoices, trading market supply documents, merchants' electronic bills, bank card swipe documents and other consumer documents as proof of the authenticity of the trading background. "
According to the loan officer of the above-mentioned guarantee company, as long as the customer pays 0.5% of the invoice purchase fee, the guarantee company can introduce the consumer loan funds into the account of the luxury jewelry dealer it cooperates with by means of entrusted payment, and the dealer will issue a real invoice (but there is no real transaction background) to deal with the loan audit of the bank, and the guarantee company will be responsible for transferring the funds from the dealer to the loan customer.
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