China willow (scientific name: Chimonanthus praecox. ): It is a deciduous shrub or small tree of Salix in Oleaceae. It is tall and beautiful, with lush foliage. In early summer, it is covered with white flowers, such as frost and snow, which are beautiful and pleasant. Autumn fruit, stone fruit oval, blue and black. Close-up, willow leaves are opposite, oval or rectangular, whole, nearly leathery. Dioecious, panicles are born at the top of lateral branches; Corolla white, 4-parted, lobes linear oblanceolate, stamens 2 in male flowers, stigma 2 in female flowers. The flowering period is from June to July, and the fruiting period is from September to June.

Because willow flowers are in bud, their appearance, size and color are similar to those of glutinous rice, and flowers and young leaves can make tea, so they are also called glutinous rice flowers and glutinous rice tea. Suitable for planting around buildings, or beside Chi Pan and beside parks. Potted plants can be used to make piles. Young leaves can be used as drinks instead of tea. Fruits are rich in oil and can be squeezed for industrial use. Wood is heavy and fine, and can be used to make utensils. It is also the rhizome of the precious flower Jingui. The buds and leaves of willow also have medicinal value.

Basic introduction of Chinese name: Latin scientific name of willow: Chionanthus retusus alias: radish filament, beef tendon, black gold, tea tree, April Snow World: Plant phylum: angiosperm: Dicotyledonous subclass: Synpetalum: Liwana subclass: Oleaceae: Oleaceae: Salicornia: Salicornia: Name and year: Lind. 1852 English name? Morphological characteristics, growth habits, geographical distribution, propagation methods, sowing, cutting, cultivation techniques, seed treatment, seedling raising methods, planting management, fertilizer and water management, pruning and shaping, pest control, main value, economy, garden, protection level, plant cultivation and morphological characteristics. Willow is a deciduous shrub or tree, 20 meters high. Branchlets grayish brown or dark gray, cylindrical, spreading, glabrous, young branches yellowish or brown, sparsely or densely pubescent. Leaf blade is leathery or thin leathery, oblong, ovoid or round, sometimes ovoid or obovate-obovate-lanceolate, 3-12cm long and 2-6.5cm wide, with blunt apex, sometimes concave or sharp, round or broad wedge-shaped base, sparse shallow heart-shaped, whole or serrate, slightly reflexed leaf margin, villous upper part along vein and lower part when young. The lower part is densely villous along veins, sparsely villous, and the rest is sparsely villous or subglabrous. The midvein is concave and convex, with 3-5 pairs of lateral veins, slightly convex on both sides or slightly concave on the upper part, and often slightly convex on both sides of veinlets; Petiole 0.5-2 cm long, densely yellow curly hair. Thyme cymose, 3- 12 cm long, terminal at the end of branches, nearly glabrous; Bracts linear, 2 2- 10/0mm long, sparsely or densely pilose, flowers1.2-2.5cm long, unisexual, dioecious or bisexual; Pedicel 0.5-2 cm long, slender, glabrous; Calyx 1-3 mm long, 4-parted, lobes triangular or lanceolate, 0.5-2.5 mm long; Corolla white, 4-parted, lobes linear oblanceolate, length (1-) 1.5-2.5 cm, width 0.5-3.5 mm, corolla tube short, length 1.5-4 mm; Stamens are hidden in the tube or slightly protruding, filaments are less than 0.5 mm long, anthers are oval, 1.5-2 mm, and connective is prominent; Ovary ovoid, long 1.5-2 mm, stigma spherical, slightly 2-lobed. The fruit is oval, covered with white powder, with a length of1-1.5cm, a diameter of 6-10mm, and blue-black or black. The flowering period is from March to June, and the fruiting period is from June-165438+1October. Growth habit: Salix psammophila likes light, is intolerant of shade, cold, drought and stagnant water, with slow growth speed, long life, barren tolerance and low requirements for soil, but it grows best in fertile and permeable sandy loam, and has a certain saline-alkali tolerance. It can also grow normally in mild saline-alkali soil with pH8.7 and salt content of 0.2% without any adverse reaction. Like light, but also more resistant to yin. Like warm climate, but also quite cold-resistant. Like neutral and slightly acidic soil, drought-tolerant, barren-tolerant and waterlogging-resistant. Born in sparse mixed forests or bushes below 3000 meters above sea level, or on hillsides and rivers. It is cultivated everywhere. Geographical distribution is mainly produced in China, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei and southern Henan, and cultivated in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangdong, Fujian and Taiwan Province provinces. Korea and Japan are also distributed. Propagation method: willow can be propagated by sowing, cutting and grafting. Sowing and cutting propagation are simple and easy, and a large number of seedlings can be obtained at one time, so they are most commonly used. From mid-September of 10 to early October of 10, the fruit of willow was blue-purple. At this time, the mother plant with strong growth, good tree shape and no pests and diseases is selected for seed collection. Choose full seeds with the same size, soak them in clear water for 2 days, take them out and dry them in a cool and ventilated place. After 3 days, it was stored with wet sand, and the ratio of sand to seed was 3: 1, and it was covered with sacks for moisture retention. During seed storage, water is sprayed and stirred once every half month. Wet sand is the best amount of water spraying, and too much water can easily lead to seed rot. In the middle of March of the following year, about 40% seeds can be sown in the whole bed when it is bare. Nursery land should choose well-drained, deep and fertile plots, and generally use high ridge sowing, with a ridge distance of 625px and a ridge height of 375px. Fermented cattle and horse manure was used as base fertilizer, the dosage was 3000 kg per mu, the depth of sowing ditch was 50px, and the row spacing was 500px. Sow the germinated seeds evenly in the sowing ditch, and the sowing amount per mu is about 20 kg. After sowing, cover it with fine soil, gently and steadily, then flood it once to make it permeable, and cover it with grass for moisturizing after three days. About 25 days after sowing, the seedlings began to be unearthed. When the seedlings grow to about 250px, choose cloudy days for thinning. When the summer light is strong, a shade shed should be built in time to shade the sun, and the accumulated water in the nursery should be removed in time after heavy rain. After that, in management, it is necessary to keep the nursery soil in the state of maximum water content and strengthen intertillage weeding. Through management, the annual seedlings of willow 1 can be as high as 1- 1.2 meters. Cutting propagation is usually carried out in July and August. Select semi-lignified branches of the current year and cut them into cuttings of 300px-375px, with flat upper opening and horseshoe-shaped lower opening. Sandy loam is selected as the substrate, which is disinfected with quintozene before use and soaked in water once after disinfection. When the substrate is in the state of maximum water content, it can be cut. Before cutting, dip the cuttings with ABT rooting agent, and plant spacing is 250px×500px. Watering once every 7 days after cutting, spraying once in the morning and evening, shading at 9:00- 18, and in the nursery before winter. Strengthen water and fertilizer management in the second year and transplant in the spring of the third year. Cultivation techniques: seed treatment. September-65438+1October seeds are harvested after they mature. Water separation is carried out after harvesting. The method of water separation is: soak the seeds for 48 hours and add 0. 1% potassium permanganate to disinfect the seeds. In the process of soaking, the seeds with low maturity and insects are floated and fished out to get pure seeds. At the same time, combined with soaking, the brown epidermis on the surface of seeds is ground off by hand to facilitate seed germination. Seedling raising method 1: promoting roots. Choose a place with good leeward and sunny drainage, and dig a pit as deep as 10cm, the length can be determined according to the number of seeds. Mix tassel seeds and clear water sand (after disinfection and screening) evenly according to the ratio of 65,438+0: 2, pour them into the pit and distribute them evenly, then spread sand with a depth of 2 cm on it and cover it with plastic film to keep it moist. Some grass targets can be erected in the border, which is ventilated and breathable to prevent seeds from rotting and the surface layer from being soaked by dry pouring. After two months, the roots of tassel seeds are basically in place, and the roots can reach 4-5 meters. At this time, the seeds in the border can be taken out and the seeds with roots can be selected for planting. You can also take it out and plant it in the future. This method can be planted from autumn to the following spring. It was not busy farming years ago, saving labor, planting slowly years ago and planting fast years later. Method 2: accelerate germination. Choose the leeward and sunny place as the border, water it two days later, spread pure seeds evenly in the border, cover it with 0.5 cm soil, then cover it with 0.5 cm sand, and cover it with plastic film. Always observe and pay attention to the dryness and humidity of the soil, water it after drying, and pay attention to weeding and loosening the soil to ensure the germination rate of seeds. By the end of March of the following year, the seeds basically broke ground and management was strengthened. By the beginning of May, when the leaves grow to 3-4 pieces, they will be planted directly in the ground. Method 3: cutting. This method is mostly carried out in the rainy season. The method is to select semi-lignified branches of the year and use sandy loam as matrix. It is rarely used. On the one hand, it can only adapt to certain varieties; Second, the stability of the original variety after cutting is not strong. Contrast: The first two methods showed good results in the process of tassel seedling raising. The overall experimental comparison shows that after transplanting, the second method is not as good as the first method, and the seedlings grow vigorously. The first method is to promote the roots, and the seedlings will emerge vigorously after sowing. The second method is to plant seedlings, which requires a certain delay. The second method has the advantages of high germination rate and neat emergence. The first method saves land and avoids the busy farming season. The second method consumes a lot of land, which coincides with the busy farming season. Field planting management, full border irrigation and watering, planting 20 thousand plants per mu; Plant spacing is 30cm×10cm; After 2 years, the osmanthus rootstock can be grafted. If the green seedlings are cultivated, they can be transplanted from them year by year, and the big seedlings should be transplanted according to the plant spacing. Seedling transplantation should be carried out in spring and autumn, medium and small seedlings with soil and large seedlings with soil balls. In the process of planting, if tassels are used in the future, the first seedling raising method can be used to cultivate bonsai. The method is to put the root tip into the soil 1c meters when planting roots, then turn left and then right, and plant according to the mound in the soil. Two years later, when the male spike seedlings were grafted in the pot, the curved root system was carried out of the soil, forming a common phenomenon. Willow likes fertilizer, so it should be cultivated and weeded in summer to keep the soil loose. 1 year-old seedlings can grow to 0.8-1 .2m, ground diameter1cm, and grow to 3-4cm in three years, which is used for greening. Water and fertilizer management in willow cultivation, especially in the first three years of planting, should be strengthened. When planting, decomposed and fermented cow dung and horse manure should be applied as base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer should be fully mixed with planting soil, and nitrogen fertilizer should be applied once to promote plant growth. In late autumn, rotten leaf fertilizer or sesame sauce residue should be applied with antifreeze. In the following year, nitrogen fertilizer was applied at the beginning of May, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were applied at the beginning of August, and semi-decomposed fermented cattle and horse manure was applied at the end of autumn. Fertilization can be carried out in the third year according to the method of the second year. From the fourth year, it is only necessary to apply enough cow and horse manure once a year at the end of autumn. Willow likes humid environment, so it should be watered immediately after planting, the second time after five days, the third time after five days and then once a month. July and August in North China are abundant periods of precipitation, so there is no need to water or water less, and the accumulated water should be removed in time after heavy rain. Pour antifreeze in late autumn. At the beginning of March of the following year, the green water was watered in time. There is drought and little rain in the north in spring, and the spring wind is strong and lasts for a long time. Watering should be done once in early and middle April. In the third year, you can water it according to the method of the second year. After the fourth year, in addition to freezing water and thawing water, water should be watered in time when the weather is dry and the precipitation is insufficient. Willow pruning and shaping is commonly used in gardens, including single stem type and multi-stem type. Single stem type: When the seedlings grow to a height of about 1.5m, all the lateral branches on the trunk are drained in winter, only the trunk is kept, and the trunk is cut short. In the second year, new branches with vigorous growth were selected under cuttings for extension culture, and all other new branches were drained, and the extension branches were cut short at the end of autumn. In the spring of the third year, select vigorous and harmonious new branches under cuttings. Then the trunk was cut short, and three or four branches with vigorous growth and uniform distribution were selected as the main branches for the next year's cutting. When the main branch grows to a certain length, you can cut it short and choose side branches. At this point, the tree-like tree has basically formed, and only miscellaneous branches, pests and diseases, drooping branches and dead branches can be cut off in the future. Multi-stem type: in the seedling stage, you can choose to keep 3-4 strong branches as the main branches for culture, and then choose branches with good angle and balanced growth as the main branches for culture. When choosing and retaining the main branches, we must be careful not to cross each other and occupy one side. After that, the upper branches with large angles should be selected as extension branches and cut off in the middle and short sections. There are two purposes: one is to expand the crown; The other is to facilitate ventilation and light transmission in the crown. Pest control The biggest pest of willow seedlings is the scarab. After emergence, when the seedlings grow up, the roots will be bitten off in May. The common control methods are to prepare a solution with phoxim, then irrigate the roots, apply 2 kilograms of water per mu, or spray trichlorfon 1000× solution to control adults. If it happens, it can be killed by spraying 7000 times of 20% diflubenzuron suspension or 300 times of 25% hypertonic fenoxycarb wettable powder at the early stage of larval occurrence, and adults can be trapped and killed by light. The common disease of willow is brown spot, which is caused by fungal infection and easily occurs under high temperature and high humidity. At the beginning of the disease, there are many brown spots on the leaves. With the development of the disease, the spots gradually expand and can be connected together, and finally the whole leaf dries up and falls off. In case of brown spot disease, in addition to strengthening water and fertilizer management and paying attention to ventilation and light transmission, 800-fold solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 500-fold solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder can be used to control the disease once every ten days, which can effectively control the disease. The main value of economic flowers is that young leaves can replace tea leaves to dry and taste delicious; Fruit can extract aromatic oil; Wood can be used to make utensils. Young leaves can be used as drinks instead of tea. Fruits are rich in oil and can be squeezed for industrial use. Wood is heavy and fine, and can be used to make utensils. Garden willow has strong adaptability and long life. Adult trees are tall and beautiful, with lush foliage. The flowering period is like snow, the flowers are slender, beautiful and lovely, and the smell is fragrant. It is an excellent ornamental tree species in the garden, which has a good ornamental effect no matter how to decorate, group and plant. Can be planted in several clumps on the lawn; It is also suitable for scattered planting on roadside, forest edge, water bank and around buildings. Willow grows slowly and has a pleasant scale, and it is cultivated into a single dry seedling, which can be used as a roadside tree in a small road with good results. Suitable for evergreen trees as the background, the effect is better. Bonsai lovers can also plant potted plants and make bonsai. Protection level: China national second-class protected plants. Plant Culture There is a thousand-year-old Liusu tree in Tuquancun Village, Ezhuang, Zichuan District, which is known as "Shandong No.1" and "Qilu Tree King". According to experts' research, it has a history of thousands of years, ranking first in Shandong with its large tree shape and long age. Elegant and graceful, the tree was named "Liu Su Tree King of Qilu Millennium" by Shandong Forestry Department. Every April, you can smell the flowers of willow trees in the bustling three or five miles. Every year, before and after the May Day International Labor Day, willows are in full bloom, and the flowers are like snow, which is really beautiful. This tree was born in a crack in the rock, with tassel springs under it. It is tinkling, sweet and clear all year round. Locals say that the flower fragrance of this willow is different from other willows, and its miraculous effect of removing silt and relieving asthma is incomparable to other willows. Therefore, people come to treat diseases, and one after another. It turns out that this famous Qilu Liusu tree was planted by Qi Huangong himself during the Warring States Period. At this time, there was a dense stream of water. In order to celebrate Qi Huangong's victory over Lu Zhuanggong in the "Battle of Hanging Yangshan" after winning the throne, in 685 BC, he gave a banquet to celebrate the success of all the civil and military soldiers, and personally planted the tree, and let all the civil and military soldiers carry jars and water them with wine instead of water. The tree is dioecious, the female plant bears seeds, and the male plant only blooms but does not bear fruit. Local villagers regard it as a symbol of sacred trees, treasures and treasures in Ezhuang Township, Zichuan District. This Millennium Liu Su tree has a beautiful story. According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period, civil strife occurred in Qi State, and the monarch Qi Xianggong was killed. Xiang has two brothers, one is Gong Zijiu, who lives in Lu; The other one is his son, who lives in Ju 'guo. After hearing the news that Qi Xianggong was killed, the two sons were eager to return to China to inherit the throne. Lu Guojun and Duke Zhuang of Lu sent a large army, accompanied by Guan Zhong, to personally escort Gong Zijiu back to Qi. Under Bao's planning, the son asked the monarch of Ju State for a team of eight fast horses and set out for Qi State overnight. The team went to the river at the entrance of the village of Ezhuang, met with the Lu army who arrived quickly and started fighting. Guan Zhong used a bow to assist Miyako in archery for a long time and hit the "hook" on the waist of childe Xiaobai. The hook blocked the arrow. Due to the disparity in strength, Bao immediately let his son pretend to be shot, and immediately led the troops to protect his son and fled to a valley in the southeast. The valley is surrounded by mountains and streams are gurgling. There is a lonely giant peak in the valley, towering into the sky, followed by Guan Zhong. In no way back, when the mountain was blocked, Bao protected his son and miraculously reached the top.

Guan Zhong thought Xiao Bai had been shot, so he ordered the soldiers to surround Xiao Bai in the mountains. After Xiao Bai escaped into the mountain, he accidentally found a path leading to the outside of the mountain behind it. Childe Xiaobai plans to lead his troops from behind the mountain road, cut across the mountain, and get back to Qi, where he ascended the throne. This is Qi Huangong.