The author thinks that the classification of couplets, like any other classification, needs to be clear about two main problems: first, the standard of couplet classification should be clear; Secondly, in the classification under certain standards, we must make clear the concept connotation and extension of different types of couplets, and try our best to avoid or narrow the intersection and overlap of extensions.
There are many standards for the classification of couplets, as follows: First, according to the number of words in couplets, they are divided into long couplets and short couplets. The upper and lower couplets are composed of many characters, called long couplets; Couplets composed of fewer words are called short couplets. There is no absolute boundary between long couplets and short couplets in terms of words, and there are different opinions on couplets, and there is no conclusion yet. Generally speaking, there are four representative views: the first one advocates 16 or 22 as the lower limit of the number of words in long couplets (as Mr. Lu said); The second category advocates taking 30 words or 40 words as the lower limit of the number of long-term words (as Mr. Yu Dequan said); The third category advocates taking 60 words or 70 words of the whole couplet as the lower limit of the number of long couplet words (as Mr. Zhou said); The fourth category advocates that 90 words or 100 words of the All-China Federation are the lower limit of the number of long-term couplets (as Mr. Changjiang said). Investigate its reason, the above viewpoints are self-contained. Relatively speaking, I personally prefer to say 30 words or 40 words, because this range seems to be close to people's usual vague feeling of long and short conjunctions. But it can be said that no matter how many words are used to draw a long couplet and a short couplet, it seems reluctant, especially when there is only one or a few words difference, it is even more blunt. In fact, both long couplet and short couplet belong to the category of fuzzy concepts, and it is unnecessary and difficult to draw the boundary between them with words. So do other literary genres, such as long poems and short poems. So far, I'm afraid there is no absolute limit on the number of lines. Therefore, it may be better if there is a relatively reasonable unified standard, which is stipulated separately and forms a whole when choosing long and short links.
Second, according to the number of sentences and the relationship between sentences, couplets can be divided into three types: single sentence couplet, complex sentence couplet and sentence group couplet. The upper and lower couplets are composed of single sentences, which are called single-sentence couplets; According to the length of metrical literary sentences, single-sentence couplets are generally short couplets (long couplets are said to be more than 30 words in total). Couplets composed of two or more clauses are called compound couplets. Complex couplets are generally between long and short couplets. A couplet consisting of two or more complex sentences is called a sentence group (or paragraph). Sentence group association is generally long association. The significance of this division lies in that it is related to the hierarchical arrangement of sentence feet.
Thirdly, according to the metrical requirements and rigor of antithesis, couplets can be divided into wide antithesis, industrial antithesis, skillful antithesis and absolute antithesis. The so-called "capacity" refers to couplets or sentences with loose or flexible rules and less neat antithesis. The so-called pair of workers, also known as strict pair, is a couplet or sentence with strict rules and stable antithesis; The so-called clever pair is also called clever pair, that is, the antithesis is quite clever and unique, or some special skills are highlighted (if it is stable at the same time, it can also be called clever pair); The so-called absolute, can also be called wonderful pair, that is, the antithesis is difficult or natural, so it is difficult to have other antitheses that can match the sentence or be comparable to the existing antithesis. Of course, there is no clear line between tolerance, work, intelligence and absoluteness.
Fourth, according to the content correspondence of the upper and lower couplets, it is divided into positive pairs, negative pairs and flow pairs. The content correspondence between most couplets belongs to the mutual foil relationship. This kind of foil, either from the same angle, complement each other (the so-called "right"), or from the opposite angle, contrast each other (the so-called "opposition"). Generally speaking, the right pair, that is, the upper and lower parts have similar ideas, and the right pair, that is, the upper and lower parts have opposite ideas. There are also a few couplets whose contents correspond to each other (so-called "running pair" or "string pair"), that is, the two clauses of the upper and lower couplets form a complex sentence, and the upper and lower couplets have a complex relationship of coherence, progression, choice, turning, causality, hypothesis, condition and purpose.
Fifth, according to the writing skills or rhetorical devices of couplets, they can also be divided into inlays, palindromes, riddles, sets of sentences, hidden couplets, rhyming couplets and so on. >; & gt
Question 2: Generally speaking, what five types of couplets can be divided into according to their purposes? Frankly speaking, there is still a lack of clear theoretical research on the classification of couplets. In many cases, the classification of couplets is obviously arbitrary.
There are many standards for the classification of couplets, such as the following:
First, couplets can be divided into long couplets and short couplets according to the number of words.
Second, according to the number of sentences and the relationship between sentences, couplets can be divided into three types: single sentence couplet, complex sentence couplet and sentence group couplet.
Thirdly, according to the metrical requirements and rigor of antithesis, couplets can be divided into wide antithesis, industrial antithesis, skillful antithesis and absolute antithesis.
Fourth, according to the content correspondence of the upper and lower couplets, it is divided into positive pairs, negative pairs and flow pairs.
Fifth, according to the writing skills or rhetorical devices of couplets, they can also be divided into inlays, palindromes, riddles, sets of sentences, hidden couplets, rhyming couplets and so on.
According to the different contents and objects of couplets, they can be generally divided into nine categories: festival couplets, festive couplets, mourning couplets, landscape couplets, industry couplets, topic couplets, miscellaneous couplets, academic couplets and interesting couplets.
Question 3: What kinds of couplets are there? A blessing couplet is divided according to its right, positive, negative and positive.
The so-called right and wrong is to cut in from the front, and if you wait, there is a will, there is a way.
The so-called opposition is to cut in from the opposite side, such as the sky and the earth, such as the black dialogue.
The so-called "rightness" means rightness according to the meaning of the Part I, and rightness according to the metaphor of the Part I, such as the sound of wind and rain reading, family affairs, state affairs and everything in the world.
Second, couplets are divided into Spring Festival couplets, happy couplets, elegiac couplets and inspirational couplets. Inspirational couplets can generally be posted in the main hall of your study or living room.
Thirdly, couplets are unique literary forms in China's excellent traditional culture, and they are couplets literature. Very interesting. You can practice pairing when you are free. It can activate thinking, improve reaction ability and increase the literacy of classical literature. If it helps you, please choose the satisfactory answer.
Question 4: What is the common name of couplets? What can be divided into? Couplets, also known as couplets, are a kind of dual literature, which originated from peach symbols and rhyme. Couplets can be roughly divided into poetry couplets. According to the custom of Spring Festival couplets and prose couplets, it is a fundamental mistake to strictly distinguish the size of parts of speech and say that couplets originated from regular poems. The antithesis of traditional couplets is more neat than the so-called poetry couplets.
With the rise of poetry in the Tang Dynasty, prose couplets were excluded. Prose couplets are generally informal, straightforward, and do not avoid repetition. They do not overemphasize the equivalence of parts of speech without losing duality.
Couplets have a long history, and it is said that they originated from Meng Chang, the master of Shu after the Five Dynasties. His inscription is "New Year's Eve, Qing Yu, Festival". "Changchun" on the peach symbol board at the bedside means "carving peach symbols" (see book compilation). This is the earliest couplet in China and the earliest Spring Festival couplets. (See Applied Writing,No. 1987, Random Talk on Couplets)
The second part is to confront, agree with or refute foreign objects. The meaning and depth of antithesis cannot be said without prose couplets.
Features:
First, the number of words should be equal and the sentences should be consistent. In addition to deliberately leaving a place for a word to achieve a certain effect, the number of words in the upper and lower couplets must be the same, neither more nor less.
Second, the parts of speech should be relative and the position should be consistent. It is generally called "virtual to virtual, real to real" (the classification of parts of speech in ancient Chinese is different from that in modern Chinese), which is equivalent to noun to noun in modern Chinese.
Verb to verb, adjective to adjective, quantifier to quantifier, adverb to adverb and relative words must be in the same position.
Fourth, it is necessary to have a clear hierarchy and a harmonious tone. According to the rhyme, if the upper rhyme is puckered, the lower rhyme should be flat, meaning "puckered up and put away"; Otherwise, if the upper rhyme is flat, the lower rhyme will be retracted. Both are their own requirements.
Fifth, the content should be related from top to bottom. The meaning of the upper and lower couplet should be related to each other and cannot be repeated.
6. Everything that is absolutely wonderful, such as inserting characters, thimbles, palindromes, and dividing words, only requires that the last word of the upper and lower couplet is flat and flat.
In Liang Zhangju's Couplet Series, Continuation and Three Stories in Qing Dynasty, couplets are divided into ten categories, namely, stories, English branches, temples, stories, aphorisms, stories, couplets, set sentences and miscellaneous affixes. The Integration of Couplets published in the Republic of China divides couplets into 20 categories, namely, celebration, mourning, melancholy, learning, business, guild hall, temple, shrine, theater, first house, garden villa, New Year's Eve dinner, places of interest, gifts, incense, definite words, definite sentences, funny, vernacular and miscellaneous. These two classification methods are classified according to practical scope, but the latter is more detailed than the former. There are forty or fifty kinds of couplets if they are classified according to their literal structure, rhetorical devices and logical relations. For example:
1. Dual forms: word pair, object pair, right pair, opposition, worker pair, wide pair, running pair, palindrome pair and top pair.
2. Rhetoric: metaphor, exaggeration, backchat, pun, rhetorical question and homophonic.
3. Wording skills: embedding words, hiding words, compound words, overlapping words, radicals, analyzing words, dividing words, and scoring.
4. Logical structure: juxtaposition, turning, choice, cause and effect.
With the development of society and culture, the theme of couplets will be more complete and perfect.
There are two kinds of duality, one is grammatical duality, that is, noun to noun, adjective to adjective and so on.
The other is rhetorical antithesis, which makes different kinds of words form antithesis through flexibility and transformation, which is embodied in nouns as adjectives and adjectives as verbs. No matter what kind of confrontation, we should highlight the iconicity of confrontation. Impossible, ... the night has now given way to the ocean of the sun, and I am lazier than you politicians. What a shame.
Top pin joint
Huiwenlian
double
Numeric vocabulary association
Motto inspirational couplets [1]
Anecdotal association
Keep in touch with others.
Celebrity Jia Lian
Miaoqulian
Homophonic satire
Victory link
guild
He Qinglian
Jilian
Residential union
Question 5: What kinds of couplets are there? Types of couplets
* Spring Festival couplets
China's couplets have a long history, rich contents and various types. The classification of couplets is also controversial. Some people divide couplets into horizontal and harmonic couplets and informal couplets from the perspective of horizontal and horizontal relations; Some people divide couplets into short couplets and long couplets from the number of words; Some people also divide it into scenery writing, celebration, giving and receiving, kit kat and so on.
The classification here is mainly based on the function of couplets, but this is only relative. Some couplets actually have multiple functions, and it is inevitable that they will overlap according to their functions. The so-called "Spring Festival couplets", also called "spring stickers", are couplets made to celebrate the Spring Festival, which is an important form and the most common one. Most of these couplets express their feelings and hope for good luck in the year. For example: the beginning of reunification; Universal update. The motherland has a beautiful day; There is spring breeze everywhere in China. Rain moistens Tian Yao and returns to autumn year after year. You sow Xiantao first. The east wind blows the earth, and the trees are full of new machines, but you can see the spring in the willow. Spring returns to the earth, green mountains and green waters, and the motherland is as beautiful as ever; Warm China, long life and happiness. Up and down, men, women and children, all add one year; Every household, talking and laughing, is happy and happy, and is celebrating the New Year. The language of Spring Festival couplets is generally relaxed and cheerful, full of joy, and red with auspicious words adds a festive atmosphere to the Spring Festival.
:: Festival Federation
The so-called festival couplets are written to celebrate and commemorate various festivals and make them more joyful, warm and grand. This kind of couplets can be said to be the expansion and evolution of Spring Festival couplets. At present, it has become a unique form of couplet. For example: peaches and plums are all over the world; Educate all of China. (Celebration) 10000 yuan snack; Songs of peace in the streets. (Lantern Festival couplets) People are particularly happy when they are happy; It is especially bright from January to Mid-Autumn Festival. (Mid-Autumn Festival couplets) Pulse and spring deeply nourish peaches and plums; A bitter heart shines like a candle in the spring and autumn. (Teachers' Day Trade Union) Military love and public opinion are like mountains; The people support the army as deep as the sea. Festival couplets ("August 1st Festival") are full of festive atmosphere, suitable for writing objects and highly targeted.
* Door connecting rod
The so-called door couplet means "door to door" and "door to door". Generally, it is a couplet engraved or written by the door, which often plays a role in showing the interest of the family or the owner. For example, in the old days, it was common that "loyalty and faithfulness last forever, and poetry and books last forever". Generally speaking, what kind of couplet to write depends on the family background, which is easy to be confused, otherwise it will make a joke. For example, the strategy of the state and the DPRK is unparalleled; Hanyuan's first article. (Zhu Yuanzhang's book is sent to Tao An Door-to-Door) and the country is salty, rich and glorious; The same day is old, and the article is morally sacred. (Confucius and Mencius) Labor has been handed down from generation to generation for a long time; Diligence is passed down from generation to generation. Carry forward the revolutionary tradition; Strive for greater honor. Fish jump over the blue sea and praise the sea; Birds fly in the blue sky, praising the height of the sky. Pine, bamboo, plum, cold, three friends, peach, plum, apricot, spring breeze. The first pair and the second pair of the above-mentioned couplets are in line with the family characteristics of Tao 'an and Confucius' House respectively. The third pair is more common in the families of workers and peasants, the fourth pair is more common in the families of military martyrs, and the fifth pair and the sixth pair are more common in the families of military martyrs to show their master's ambition and interest.
:: Professional federations
The so-called professional couplets, that is, industry couplets, are posted on the door, so that people can know the characteristics of their industry at a glance and play the role of industry advertising. They are not to be underestimated in couplets. This kind of couplet is rich and attractive. Moisturizing poetry and painting is still moist; Drunk by love, drunk by pen. (Hotel Alliance) Meet by chance like friends and relatives; Stopping for a while is like going home. (Hotel Union) Flowers are eager to meet each other; Under the bamboo, I took part in Lu Yujing. (Teahouse Alliance) Although there is no skill at all; But it's top kung fu. (Barber shop) Tao Qian is good at drinking, elegant and good at cooking, and moderate in drinking and cooking; Tao Kan cherish points, Yu Xia cherish inches, measured. (hotel alliance) engraved to remind people of the province; The voice advises you to cherish the beautiful voice. There are no nobles in the profession. As long as he is at ease, he shaves his head, sings and sews clothes, not low; Character should be divided into high and low. I'm afraid it's still dirty if I want to mess around at will and become an official and emperor. The above seven couplets are all in line with the professional characteristics of their respective industries, and some of them are full of philosophy. The fifth pair and the sixth pair advise people to eat moderately and cherish time, while the seventh pair emphasizes that there is no distinction between high and low occupations, and the argument is clear and instructive.
* Marriage Union
The so-called wedding couplets, also known as "wedding invitations", are special conjunctions for marriage, either at the gate, the cave door, or beside the dressing table and sedan chair ... Their main content is to express praise, praise and wishes to the newlyweds, as well as wedding celebrations. For example: Kai He Bingdi; ......& gt& gt
Question 6: What kinds of couplets are there? Five categories: couplets can be roughly divided into poetry couplets and prose couplets. The format of couplets is strict and the part of speech is relative. Traditional couplets are connected in form, with the same content, harmonious tone and rigorous antithesis. Prose couplets are generally informal, straightforward, and do not avoid repetition. They do not overemphasize the equivalence of parts of speech without losing duality.
stage of development
However, from the perspective of literary history, couplets evolved from antitheses in ancient poems. This development process has roughly gone through three stages.
Double stage
The time span is from the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties to the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In China's ancient poems, some neat antitheses appeared very early. Several ancient ballads that have been handed down to this day have already seen their origins. Such as "digging wells to drink water, ploughing fields to eat", "doing at sunrise and resting at sunset" and so on. As a rhetorical device with the beauty of neatness, contrast and music, duality has been widely and consciously used in the creation of Fu. For example, in Sima Xiangru's "Zi Xu Fu", there are: "Drum, sound; The car follows the route and rides on the team. "
Parallel coupling stage
Parallel prose originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty, flourished in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and flourished in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. As can be seen from the name, parallel prose is a dual style, which is mostly composed of antitheses. The continuous use of such antithetical sentences is also called parallelism or parallelism. Parallel prose has three characteristics, namely, four or six sentence patterns, antithesis and allusions. Second, the number of dual words has certain rules. Mainly "46" sentence pattern and its variant forms. Mainly include: four-character dual, six-character dual, eight-character dual, cross dual and twelve-character dual. Third, the antithesis is quite skillful, but there are many heavy words (such as "Zhi, Er"), and the tone and rhythm of the antithesis are not fully mature.
Legal coupling stage
Duality, the antithesis in metrical poems. This poetic style, also known as modern poetry, was formally formed in the Tang Dynasty. But its origin began in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Couples also have three characteristics: first, antithesis is the metrical requirement of style; Second, the number of words changed from even sentences to odd sentences, and finally fixed at five or seven words; Third, the antithesis is accurate and stable, and the tone is mature.
Features: the unity of uniqueness and universality, parasitism and inclusiveness, practicality and artistry, popularity and elegance, seriousness and playfulness.
General classification
Classification by purpose
1. General couplets-Spring Festival couplets 2. Special couplets-tea couplets, birthday couplets, wedding couplets, elegiac couplets, industry couplets, motto couplets, gift couplets and thank-you couplets.
Classified by word number
1. Short link (within the cross) 2. Zhonglian (within 100 words) 3. Long couplet (/kloc-more than 0/00 words) and so on.
Classified by rhetorical skills
1. Duality: word right, object right, right right, opposition, work right, width right, flow right, palindrome right, top right. 2. Rhetoric couplets: metaphor, exaggeration, backchat, pun, rhetorical question and homophonic. 3. Skill association: embedded words, hidden words, compound words, overlapping words, radicals, word analysis, word splitting and numbers.
According to the source of conjunctions
1. Sentence couplet: a couplet composed entirely of ready-made sentences in ancient poetry. 2. Couplets composed of ancient Copybook for calligraphy articles and characters. 3. Sentence-picking couplets: Couplets made by picking antithetical sentences directly from other people's poems. 4. Create couplets: couplets independently created by the author.
Classification by use: 1. Couplet 2. Celebrate couplets 3. Memorial couplet 4. Landscape couplets 5. Industry couplet 6. Title couplet 7. Hybrid 8. Academic couplets 9. Interesting couplets.
Question 7: What is the function of couplets? The modern Chinese dictionary defines couplets as antithetical sentences written on paper, cloth or engraved on bamboo, wood and columns.
Couplets, also known as couplets, originated in Fu Tao and are a kind of dual literature. Rhyme can be roughly divided into poetry couplet and prose couplet, and the size of parts of speech is strictly distinguished. It can be seen that it is a fundamental mistake to say that "couplets originate from regular poems". The antithesis of traditional couplets is more neat than the so-called poetry couplets. With the rise of poetry in the Tang Dynasty, prose couplets were excluded.
Prose couplets are generally informal, straightforward, and do not avoid repetition. They do not overemphasize the equivalence of parts of speech without losing duality.
The second part is to confront, agree with or refute foreign objects. The meaning and depth of antithesis cannot be said without prose couplets. The custom of couplets
As a custom, Spring Festival couplets are an important part of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation. In 2005, the State Council listed the custom of couplets in the first national intangible cultural heritage list. The relevant introduction and evaluation texts are as follows:
The custom of couplets originated from the dual phenomenon of ancient Chinese in China. During the Western Jin Dynasty (around 290), the appearance of harmonious and exquisite antithesis can be regarded as an important symbol of its formation. In the course of more than 1,700 years of historical circulation, traditional literary forms such as couplets, parallel prose and regular poems have influenced and borrowed from each other. After three important periods of development: the Northern Song Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, the forms became increasingly diverse and the cultural accumulation gradually enriched. Couplets include couplets, couplets and couplets. Since the Ming Dynasty, people have called it couplets.
Couplets use "vice" as quantifier, and generally use two lines of sentences as a pair, which are displayed side by side and vertically, from top to bottom, first right and then left, with the upper part on the right and the lower part on the left. Couplets belong to metrical literature, and there are various stresses, but there are no restrictions on the number of words and sentences, ranging from one word to thousands of words. Its stylistic features are the comparison from top to bottom, the same number of words, the same part of speech, the same level and level, the corresponding words, the combination of rhythm and form and meaning, especially the level and level of melody and part of speech. Couplets are concise, elegant and popular, and are called "poems in poems".
Couplets take characters as their content and calligraphy as their carrier. There are many kinds of products, such as paper mounting, picture frames, wood carving, stone carving and bamboo carving. In the development of couplets, a large number of related works have appeared, and there are tens of thousands of couplets.
Couplets are widely used, not only in palaces, pavilions, halls and bookstores, but also in festivals, inscriptions, congratulations, mourning and tombs. According to different functions, it can be divided into Spring Festival couplets, birthday couplets, scenery couplets, self-titled couplets and various skill couplets.
The custom of couplets is passed down and spread in Chinese-speaking areas and ethnic groups with cultural origins of Chinese characters, which is of great value for promoting Chinese culture.
The customs of couplets mainly include the following:
Customs of Spring Festival couplets. Spring Festival couplets, called Spring Festival couplets in ancient times, are seasonal couplets written and posted during the Spring Festival every year. The custom of Spring Festival couplets originated in the Five Dynasties, formed in the Song Dynasty, and became very common in the Ming Dynasty. In Hunan, posting Spring Festival couplets is an important custom in the Spring Festival culture. Spring Festival couplets have the characteristics of eulogy, timeliness and pertinence, highlighting the word "spring".
There are many kinds of Spring Festival couplets, which can be divided into door heart, frame pair, cross string, spring strip and bucket square according to the place of use. The "door core" is attached to the center of the upper end of the door panel; The "door frame pair" is attached to the left and right door frames; "Cross-dressing" is posted on the crossbar of the door; "Spring strips" are posted in corresponding places according to different contents; "Dou Jin", also known as "door leaf", is a square diamond, often attached to furniture and screen walls.
Marriage customs. Wedding couplets are written to celebrate the wedding, and are usually posted on the door, cave door, hall or makeup hall of the wedding home. Its content is mostly warm praise and good wishes for both parties to the marriage, with a strong auspicious and festive color.
Custom of birthday couplets. Birthday couplets are special couplets for people who celebrate their birthdays. Their contents are generally articles praising the merits and morals of the people who have celebrated their birthdays, wishing them a long and happy life and a feeling of warmth and respect.
The custom of elegiac couplet. The elegiac couplet, called mourning couplet in some places, evolved from elegiac couplet and is a kind of couplet used by people to express their memory and mourning for their ancestors and the deceased. Often posted at the door, on both sides of the urn, on both sides of the memorial hall and on the wreath, it is generally in black and white, with a solemn, solemn and painful feeling. Through a common language, arouse people's memory and respect for the deceased.
Question 8: What types of Spring Festival couplets are there? 10 There are many kinds of Spring Festival couplets, which can be divided into door hearts, frame pairs, horizontal strips, spring strips and buckets according to the place of use. The "door core" is attached to the center of the upper end of the door panel; The "door frame pair" is attached to the left and right door frames; "Horizontal batch" is attached to the crossbar of the door; "Spring strips" are posted in corresponding places according to different contents; "Dou Jin", also known as "door leaf", is a square diamond, often attached to furniture and screen walls.
Question 9: Please list the names of at least three kinds of couplets from the purpose: marriage, opening, Chinese New Year, archway (celebration, congratulations, memory, etc. )
Question 10: Classification of couplets Hello, classification of couplets:
Classification by purpose
1. General couplets-Spring Festival couplets 2. Special couplets-tea couplets, birthday couplets, wedding couplets, elegiac couplets, industry couplets, motto couplets, gift couplets and thank-you couplets.
Classified by word number
1, short couplet (within the cross) 2, Zhonglian (within 100 words) 3, long couplet (above 100 words), etc.
Classified by rhetorical skills
1. Duality: speech pair, material pair, right pair, opposition pair, work pair, wide pair, flowing pair, palindrome pair, top target. 2. Rhetoric couplets: metaphor, exaggeration, backchat, pun, rhetorical question and homophonic. 3. Skill couplets: embedded words, hidden words and compound words.
According to the source of conjunctions
1. Parallelism antithetical couplet: A couplet composed entirely of ready-made sentences in ancient poetry. 2. Fixed-character couplets: couplets composed of ancient Copybook for calligraphy articles and characters. 3. Sentence-picking couplets: couplets composed directly of antitheses in other people's poems. 4. Create couplets: couplets independently created by the author.
Types of couplets 1. Festival couplets: refers to couplets with specific seasonality or commemoration, and the general contents are chanting things, expressing feelings, discussing and wishing. Strictly speaking, they can be divided into festival couplets and season couplets, but because they are often integrated, this distinction has no practical significance. Generally, couplets can be directly divided into Spring Festival couplets, New Year's Day couplets and National Day couplets. Festival couplets are enough. This is a couplet for the Spring Festival. Most Spring Festival couplets can be used universally. 2. Jubilee couplets: also known as greeting couplets, refer to couplets with a certain congratulatory nature in addition to festivals and celebrations. According to its contents and objects, it can be divided into several categories, such as wedding couplets, birthday couplets, new house couplets (housewarming couplets) and so on. Jubilee couplets are characterized by special festive and congratulatory nature, and their contents must be good wishes, festive and auspicious. There are also special couplets. Whether they are universal or not depends on couplets, so you can't simply copy them to avoid Zhang Guan Dai Li's jokes. 3. Mourning couplets: also known as elegiac couplets, refer to couplets used to mourn the dead. Their contents are limited to mourning, remembering, evaluating and wishing the dead, and their styles are generally sad, solemn, deep and solemn. Some of them are also elegies for survivors. For example, couplets for the elderly, middle-aged people and young people. Or the couplets of the elders, the couplets of the peers, the couplets of the younger generation and so on. In addition, the famous people's couplets, self-elegiac couplets, etc. It can also be divided, and the sacrificial couplet can be regarded as a subclass of the elegiac couplet. The content of elegiac couplet generally refers to more specific objects, although there are also general and special points. But in practice, we should pay more attention to the distinction. 4. Couplets of scenic spots: refers to couplets posted, hung and carved in scenic spots. Most of their contents are about scenic spots (such as scenery, historical sites, etc.) ) or closely related to it (related people and things, etc. Such couplets often become an important part of scenic spots and even history and culture. The couplets of scenic spots and historical sites can be divided into landscape gardens, temples and pavilions. There are many different kinds of couplets. 5. Industry couplets refer to couplets whose contents are aimed at a certain industry, department or field. Due to the changes of the times, the application of couplets in the industry is not as good as before, but it is still considerable. Judging from its scope of application and content characteristics, it is still a major type of couplets. Industry couplets can be classified according to industries and departments. 6. The inscribed couplets refer to the couplets inscribed to others. Although many couplets are carried. Inscription of couplets is limited to interpersonal communication (or yearning), excluding elegiac couplets and congratulatory couplets. Generally speaking, their contents are some kind of praise, wishes and encouragement. From the application of couplets, inscribed couplets can be regarded as a big category. According to the different objects of inscribed couplets, inscribed couplets can generally be divided into several categories, such as inscribed couplets for elders, inscribed couplets for peers and inscribed couplets for younger generations. 7. Miscellaneous couplets: refers to no specific object. And the content includes all kinds of couplets. This kind of couplets often have relatively simple literary creation characteristics, such as philosophical couplets, lyrical couplets, persuasive satirical couplets and so on. 8. Academic couplets refer to couplets with certain academic nature. This academic nature refers to a specialty that does not belong to the above categories in content and use. Its content is often specialized and has certain disciplinary or religious characteristics. Such as popular science couplets, Buddhist couplets and Taoist couplets. From the perspective of the application scope and development space of couplets, it is necessary to regard them as a separate category. For example, the author's touching collection of works-Buddhism to ... >>