Suzhou embroidery has a long history and has a considerable scale in the Song Dynasty. In Suzhou, there are workshops and alleys with relatively concentrated production, such as embroidery workshops, embroidery alleys, rolling embroidery workshops and embroidery thread alleys. Suzhou embroidery in Ming dynasty

Embroidery art (Suzhou embroidery)

Gradually formed its own unique style, with wide influence. The Qing Dynasty was in its heyday, and most of the royal embroidery at that time came from Suzhou embroidery artists. Folk embroidery is more colorful. At the end of Qing Dynasty, Shen Shou initiated "simulated embroidery", which enjoyed a good reputation at home and abroad. She has received apprentices in Suzhou, Beijing, Tianjin, Nantong and other places and cultivated a new generation. In 1930s, Yang Shouyu, director of the painting and embroidery department of Danyang Zheng Zheng Women's Vocational School, advocated disorderly needle embroidery, which enriched the needle technique of Suzhou embroidery. Suzhou embroidery is famous for its exquisiteness and elegance. Beautiful patterns, quiet colors, flexible stitches, meticulous embroidery and vivid images. The technical features can be summarized as "flat, smooth, uniform, harmonious, smooth, fine and dense". There are dozens of stitches, such as Qi Zhen, grab stitch, loop stitch, net embroidery and yarn embroidery. Embroidery is divided into two categories: one is practical goods, including quilt cover, pillowcase, embroidered clothes, costume, table blanket, cushion and so on; One kind is appreciation products, including desk screens, hanging shafts, screens and so on. The materials are widely used, including flowers, animals, figures, landscapes, calligraphy and so on. Goldfish and kittens in Shuang Mianxiu are masterpieces of Su embroidery. As a gift from the head of state, Suzhou embroidery has been exhibited for more than 80 times in nearly 100 countries and regions, and 100 people went abroad to perform embroidery. 1982 won the Hundred Flowers Award Gold Cup Award of National Arts and Crafts, and Shuang Mianxiu Goldfish won the gold medal of the 56th Poznan International Expo 1984.

Suzhou embroidery school: Xiang embroidery

Suzhou embroidery genre: (Xiang embroidery)

Embroidery School: (Guangdong Embroidery)

Embroidery school: (Shu embroidery)

Embroidery School: (Dragon Embroidery)

Xiang embroidery is the general name of embroidery products centered on Changsha, Hunan. It was developed on the basis of Hunan folk embroidery, and absorbed the advantages of Suzhou embroidery and Guangdong embroidery. During Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, there were many women engaged in embroidery in Changsha County. In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), Wu, the son of an outstanding embroiderer Hu Lianxian, opened the first "Wu Caixia Embroidery Workshop" in Changsha. His works were excellent and spread all over the country, making Xiang embroidery famous all over the country. During Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, Yang Shizhuo of Ningxiang advocated Hunan folk embroidery, went deep into embroidery workshops for a long time, drew sketches of embroidery, created a variety of stitches, and improved the artistic level of Hunan embroidery. In the early days of Xiang embroidery, daily decorative embroidery was the main theme, and then gradually more paintings were added. Xiang embroidery is characterized by using velvet thread (untwisted wool thread) to embroider, carefully splitting the silk, and the suede pattern of the embroidery is realistic. Often based on traditional Chinese painting, it is rich and bright in color, paying great attention to the shade of yin and yang, vivid in shape and bold in style. It used to be known as "embroidery can make incense, embroidered birds can smell, embroidered tigers can run, embroidered people can express their feelings". Animals such as lions and tigers embroidered by Hunan embroidery with special curly needles are powerful. 1982, Xiang Embroidery won the Gold Cup Award in the National Arts and Crafts Hundred Flowers Award Appraisal.

Embroidery genre: Guangdong embroidery

Guangdong embroidery is also called "Guangdong embroidery". Generally speaking, it refers to the embroidery of Guangdong in recent two or three centuries. Guangdong embroidery has a long history. According to legend, it was originally created by ethnic minorities, and it is in the same strain as the brocade made by the Li nationality. In the early Qing Dynasty, Qu Dajun's "Guangdong Xinyu" and Zhu Qiqian's "Silk Embroidery of Cunsutang" both described that as early as the Ming Dynasty, Guangdong embroidery used peacock feathers as embroidery, which made the embroidery dazzling, and ponytail hair as tying thread, which made the sketching technique of Guangdong embroidery better; "The needle is thinner than the milli-awn, and you don't forget the rules when writing ... the outline pattern is natural and neat." By the Qing Dynasty, Guangdong embroidery had made great progress. The most representative collection in China is the Forbidden City. The composition is complicated but not chaotic, the colors are rich and dazzling, the stitches are even, the stitches are changeable, the texture is clear and the waterway is good. There are many kinds of embroidery in Guangdong, and the main appreciation items are banners, hanging screens, table screens and so on. Practical products include quilt cover, pillowcase, bed lintel, shawl, headscarf, table curtain, embroidered clothes and so on. Generally, they are flower-and-bird sketches, which are full of decorative flavor. Phoenix, peony, pine crane, ape, deer, chicken and goose are often used as themes to form a mixed picture. Women's sleeve skirts are mostly flowers with broken branches all over the ground, and the velvet is extremely thin and flat. noodle Color matching uses contrasting color lines, which are often red and green, making people see things in a blur and suitable for rendering a cheerful and lively atmosphere. /kloc-in the 0/8th century, the silk embroidery was lined with sheepskin gold (called "rubber band embroidery" in Guangdong), and the golden light was shining, which was particularly exquisite. 1982, Guangdong Embroidery won the Hundred Flowers Award Gold Cup Award of National Arts and Crafts with her works such as Dawn and Phoenix Bird.

Embroidery genre: Shu embroidery

Shu embroidery is also called "Sichuan embroidery". It is the general name of embroidery centered on Chengdu, Sichuan. It has a long history. According to the records of Huayang Guozhi, a regular song in Jin Dynasty, Shu embroidery was very famous at that time, just like Shu brocade, and was known as the treasure of Shu State. During Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, Shu embroidery has formed specialized production, and there are many embroidery shops in Chengdu, which both embroider and sell. Shu embroidery takes soft satin and colored silk as the main raw materials. Themes include landscapes, figures, flowers and birds, insects and fish, etc. After preliminary sorting, there are more than 0/00 kinds of sleeve needles, dizzy needles, inclined needle rollers, rotating needles, reference needles, shed reference needles, knitting needles, etc. There are quilts, pillowcases, embroidery, uppers and other daily necessities, as well as table screens, hanging screens and other appreciation products. Embroidered satin quilt cover and traditional product "Furong Carp" are the most famous. Shu embroidery is characterized by vividness, colorful, three-dimensional, short and thin stitches, uniform stitches, bright stitches, rich changes and strong local characteristics. 1982 Shu embroidery won the National Arts and Crafts Hundred Flowers Award Silver Cup Award.

Embroidery School: Dragon Embroidery

Dragon embroidery: Qingyang embroidery, also known as dragon embroidery, can be said to be scattered in every corner of Qingyang people's lives. On a hot summer day, you will see groups of children playing with skins on the roadside and by the river in mountainous rural areas. They were naked and naked, with a flower wrapped around their chests. All kinds of flowers, birds, insects and fish are embroidered on the red belly. In the sun, it is red as fire and gorgeous as brocade. After dinner, when resting or chatting, you will see three or five groups of old people, and embroidered tobacco bags are hung on the tobacco stems. If you meet someone with a full moon, there will be more embroidery. Relatives, friends and neighbors congratulate their children with their own embroidered things as gifts, such as tiger shoes, lotus hats with red flowers and green leaves, dragon embroidered phoenix wrapped in flowers, lion pillows, tiger pillows, goldfish pillows, dragon pillows, phoenix pillows and so on. These gifts should be put on the wedding table for everyone to watch and comment. In the past, boys only had a full moon, but now it's different. Boys and girls are all the same, but men and women are different. Gifts for boys, or embroidered with "Wishing a child to become a dragon" and "No.1 scholar to enter the palace", or embroidered with "Immediately sealing the marquis" and "Playing with pearls with two dragons", as well as pomegranate, peach, deer, chicken, fish and other animals and plants, symbolize that many children are blessed and rich and expensive. Most of the embroideries for girls are "Feng Dan Chao Yang", "Lotus Born Prince" and "Fat Doll Sitting on a Lotus", as well as lotus, peony, phoenix, bird, etc., which indicates the eternal peace of future generations. Qingyang embroidery is a typical embodiment of festival folk culture. Going deep into Qingyang countryside, you deeply realize that beauty comes from life, and beauty is life.