Chinese painting Chinese painting (Xuanhua): Painting on Xuan paper and silk with pigments is the main form of oriental art (Xue's characterization).
From the perspective of art history, the capitals before the Republic of China were collectively called ancient paintings. In ancient times, Chinese painting did not have a clear name, and it was generally called Danqing, which mainly refers to scroll painting painted on silk, rice paper and silk and mounted.
It is called Chinese painting in modern times, which is different from western oil painting (also known as western painting) and other foreign paintings. It is created in accordance with the unique aesthetic trend of the Chinese nation and the resulting artistic techniques.
Chinese painting reflects the national consciousness and aesthetic taste of the Chinese nation in content and artistic creation, and embodies the ancient people's understanding of nature, society and politics, philosophy, religion, morality, literature and art related to it. Traditional Chinese painting emphasizes "the nature of foreign teachers is the source of China's heart", melts things into nature, and requires "meaning to save a pen first, painting as best as possible", which is vivid in form and spirit.
Because calligraphy and painting are in the same strain, both of them emphasize the use of brush to express thoughts and emotions, so painting, calligraphy and seal cutting influence and promote each other. Modern Chinese painting has made a breakthrough and development in inheriting tradition and absorbing foreign techniques.
2. Small knowledge of calligraphy
Regular script is transformed from "eight points" of official script. In addition to the "eight-point" swallowtail and twists and turns, it definitely focuses on "straight and square." Grasping a pen and writing should be meticulous, not a little frugal and sloppy. This font is called regular script. Regular script is also called "regular script" and "regular script". In terms of strokes, regular script is not as colorful as official script, but it is graceful, vigorous, concise and correct, even more peaceful and vivid than official script. Through the efforts of great calligraphers of past dynasties, many different styles of regular script have been passed down to future generations.
Running script is between block letters and cursive script, which is written casually, without block letters, not as formal as cursive script, and not as dissolute as cursive script. As the word "walk" explains, it is neither a slow walk with square steps nor a rush with flying steps, but a free start and a free walk. Therefore, the ancients called this font "running script" the most appropriate.
The genre of cursive script is almost connected with the whole word. Although there is occasional disconnection between words, the upper and lower strokes run through, echoing, caring and connected by blood from beginning to end, and there is a kind of momentum of dancing with pen and ink in one go. I have been studying calligraphy for more than 50 years since I was six years old, but I am more interested in cursive script, which I think is the highest realm of calligraphy. In the process of writing, the standing position of each word seems to be full of danger, but it is wonderful to be firmly tied in danger, so that the font is not suspected of being skewed and soft, but has exquisite flying resources, paying attention to reading and pasting, copying, symmetry, displacement, size, width, skew and fairness. . . What do you mean by "reading" a post is to read more and deal with the words in the post, which can help you remember the characteristics of the post, deepen your impression and avoid repetition.
What is plagiarism?
"Lintie" is a common mistake in the process of practicing calligraphy, that is, although facing the calligraphy, it only copies the calligraphy, regardless of the shelf and stippling, and is arbitrary. This kind of mistake is the most undesirable and must be avoided.
What is the back?
"Back to face" is to put away the post and write it from memory. There are generally two ways to "recite": one is to recite all the posts, that is, to write them silently from beginning to end after they are ripe; The other is to recite as many familiar words as possible. Both of these methods can be used, or they can be used in combination, with partial dictation first and then complete dictation. Compare it with the original post after dictation. If you find that some stippling or shelves are different from posts, you should correct and rewrite them.
What is confrontation?
"Against it" simply means writing against the post. It can also be divided into two steps, first "grid", and then remove the grid before writing. The method of "copying" is: take mica, thin glass or washed waste film, draw Jiugongge or Mi Zige according to the size of the post, and then copy it in the exercise book printed with Jiugongge or Mi Zige. When copying, you can see which post is in which part, and write it in that part according to it. After doing this a few times, remove the grid and write directly on the post. When writing, it is best to stand up the post with a special post rack, put it in front of the table and write to it. If there is no shelf, pile up a few books instead, or use something else instead.
What is symmetry?
"Symmetry" refers to the proper arrangement of each word and stroke according to the font, not "uniformity". Because glyphs are different in length and size, the number and inclination of strokes are also different. For example, every word is written in the same size as a square, and every stroke is written in the same length and uniformity, but it looks unpleasant. Generally speaking, if there are many strokes, you should write more carefully; Write a little fatter if you have fewer strokes; In each word, the arrangement of stippling should be appropriate.
What is alienation?
"Side shift" means that the stippling of each part of a word gives way and echoes each other, so that words with more strokes do not appear dense, and words with fewer strokes do not appear sparse, such as the words next to "horse" and "bird", and the left side should be written straight to make way for the half word on the right; Other words with left and right radicals are also analogized.
What is size?
Write big fonts and small fonts; Write bigger strokes and smaller strokes, which is called the right size. For example, the words "Japan" and "country" are very different in size, so they cannot be written in the same size; The words "one" and "two" have few strokes, and they can't be written as big as the words "one" and "four" with many strokes.
What is width?
"Width" refers to proper arrangement according to the size of the font itself. Words with more strokes should be written more carefully, and words with fewer strokes should be written more coarsely; The words in the left and right structures are fatter, and the words in the upper and lower structures are thinner and narrower.
What is skew correction?
"Oblique orthography" means making different arrangements according to orthography, such as orthography of "Peng" and orthography of "Dang". When writing, don't twist the oblique force into orthography, and the orthography will be oblique if it is reversed.
What is fairness?
"Fairness" is what we often call "horizontal and vertical", which is a basic principle of stippling structure. However, it should be noted that the "flat" of "horizontal and vertical" is not a general flat, but a flat with oblique potential. Because people's eyes, vision is unbalanced, horizontal painting is really flat, because of the illusion of eyes, it seems to fall to the right. Therefore, the horizontal painting must be slightly oblique, but not too oblique. Generally speaking, the horizontal painting slope should be about 5-7. Beyond this angle, it is too oblique; Not as good as this angle, even peace is not good-looking. The so-called vertical means that every straight painting, whether in the middle, left and right, up and down, must be straight, and no inclination is allowed (except for the left straight of the door and the straight paintings of Yi and Yi). # Editor's Note # Well, I don't quite understand. You can check more completeness with Du Niang. (If you think it's too much, just look at the first few sentences when you read it. * Pay more attention *)
3. A little knowledge of Chinese painting
Chinese painting Chinese painting (Xuanhua): Painting on Xuan paper and silk with pigments is the main form of oriental art (Xue's characterization).
From the perspective of art history, the capitals before the Republic of China were collectively called ancient paintings. In ancient times, Chinese painting did not have a clear name, and it was generally called Danqing, which mainly refers to scroll painting painted on silk, rice paper and silk and mounted.
It is called Chinese painting in modern times, which is different from western oil painting (also known as western painting) and other foreign paintings. It is created in accordance with the unique aesthetic trend of the Chinese nation and the resulting artistic techniques.
Chinese painting reflects the national consciousness and aesthetic taste of the Chinese nation in content and artistic creation, and embodies the ancient people's understanding of nature, society and politics, philosophy, religion, morality, literature and art related to it. Traditional Chinese painting emphasizes "the nature of foreign teachers is the source of China's heart", melts things into nature, and requires "meaning to save a pen first, painting as best as possible", which is vivid in form and spirit.
Because calligraphy and painting are in the same strain, both of them emphasize the use of brush to express thoughts and emotions, so painting, calligraphy and seal cutting influence and promote each other. Modern Chinese painting has made a breakthrough and development in inheriting tradition and absorbing foreign techniques.
4. What are the classifications of Xuan paper?
Xuan paper is divided into raw Xuan, semi-cooked Xuan and cooked Xuan. The simple way to distinguish between raw propaganda and cooked propaganda is to dip paper with water. Health propaganda is the time when the water is dispersed immediately, and cooked propaganda is the time when the condensation is basically unchanged. Half-cooked propaganda (also called boiling hammer propaganda) spreads slowly. Shengxuan has a strong water absorption, which makes it easy to produce rich Mo Yun changes, and is multi-purpose in freehand brushwork.
Cooked Xuan is coated with alum when it is processed, so the paper is harder than raw Xuan, and its water absorption capacity is weak, and the ink color will not spread when it is used. Therefore, the characteristics make cooked propaganda suitable for meticulous painting rather than ink freehand painting.
Semi-cooked Xuan is also processed from raw Xuan, and its water absorption capacity is between the first two. Yu Ban Xuan belongs to this category.
Beginners' exercises suggest using fringed paper or waste newspapers.
5. What is the basic knowledge of calligraphy paper?
Paper is one of China's "Four Great Inventions". The original paper was made of broken wires and broken nets, with low output and poor quality.
According to the archaeological data of Baqiao area in the eastern suburb of Xi, plant fiber paper appeared in the Western Han Dynasty before Cai Lun. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun used a variety of raw materials, improved papermaking methods, and made paper with bark, hemp and other materials, which greatly improved the quality and output of paper.
Due to the widespread use of paper, Emperor Wu of Jin ordered the abolition of bamboo slips used since ancient times and replaced them with paper, which greatly increased the output and quality of paper, and new products such as rattan paper, moss paper and bamboo paper appeared. Advance history to the era of comprehensive utilization of paper.
The Sui and Tang Dynasties were the heyday of the paper industry, and it was during this period that Xuan paper, the king of paper, came into being and flourished. Xuan paper is produced in Jingxian County, Xuanzhou, Anhui Province, so it is treated.
For thousands of years, Xuan paper has enjoyed the reputation of "longevity paper" because of its soft texture, unbreakable texture, dense texture, smooth as jade, and non-rot, and has become a necessity for bookstores in China. There are all kinds of papers in the Ming dynasty, and all the famous articles can be copied.
By the Qing Dynasty, the paper industry had developed to a certain scale, including court paper, ordinary paper, antique paper and foreign paper. The invention of paper made an indelible contribution to the prosperity and spread of culture. Even in today's popular machine-made paper, some traditional handmade papers still show their irreplaceable role and glow with unique brilliance.
6. How to make good use of common sense such as rice paper and ink when writing?
Shengxuan is unprocessed, with strong water absorption and hydrophilicity, and it is easy to produce rich Mo Yun changes. By splashing and accumulating ink, the artistic effect of collecting water, blooming ink and emphasizing color is achieved. Used for freehand brushwork. Although Sheng Xuan's paintings are full of interest in ink, they are written immediately, and ink permeates quickly, which is not easy to master.
Cooked Xuan is coated with alum when it is processed, so the paper is harder than raw Xuan, and its water absorption capacity is weak, and the ink color will not spread when it is used. Therefore, the characteristics make cooked propaganda suitable for meticulous painting rather than ink freehand painting. Its disadvantage is that it will appear "alum leakage" or brittle crack when stored for a long time. Cooked Xuan can be reprocessed. Coral, mica paper, cold gold, wine gold, glutinous golden flower tendon and peach tiger skin are all reprocessed colored papers. Semi-cooked Xuan is also processed from raw Xuan, and its water absorption capacity is between the first two.
Generally speaking, cotton material refers to the paper with raw material sandalwood bark accounting for about 40%, which is thinner and lighter; Peeling means that the content of sandalwood bark reaches more than 60%; The content of sandalwood skin, the raw material of special leather, is above 80%. The heavier the leather composition, the greater the tension that the paper can bear and the better the quality; The corresponding use effect is: the higher the proportion of sandalwood, the richer the ink layers, the better the ink moistening effect, and the more able to withstand repeated rubbing with pen power without damaging the paper surface.
What's the difference between raw propaganda and cooked propaganda?
1: Raw rice paper has good water absorption and is used for writing calligraphy and freehand brushwork! Cooked rice paper has poor water absorption and is often used to draw meticulous Chinese painting!
2. Health promotion is slightly softer than cooked food promotion.
3. Shengxuan is more mature and strong in water absorption.
4. Shengxuan adopts cotton, clean leather and special leather series, which has not been processed in Los Angeles, but cooked Xuan is just the opposite.
5. Shengxuan is suitable for calligraphy, painting and calligraphy, Chinese painting, freehand brushwork, landscapes, figures, flowers and birds; And cooked propaganda is suitable for meticulous brushwork.
6. Half-cooked rice paper is suitable for writing official script or small letters.
Familiar propaganda category:
Clay Gold Paper Clay Silver Paper (mainly produced in Jingxian County, Anhui Province), as long as it is a Xuan paper craft factory, it can produce clay gold colored gold paper with uneven quality. Top grade clay gold paper is smooth, easy to ink but not gray, with Jiao Mo as the top grade).
Money is fed into the paper (mainly fine fine print of flowers, birds and mountains, which is not produced in Jingxian county at present, and the source of supply is Guangdong and Japan, but the price difference between them is nearly double, and of course the quality is also obviously different)
Alum promotion (it is best to customize it, and it is a top-grade product with strong tension and repeated rendering. It does not represent the brand for the time being, and the publicity quality of Red Star Alum is relatively stable)
Semi-cooked rice paper:
Tofu stationery (made of tofu water)
Boiling hammer announcement/water mark announcement/tiger skin note/betel nut note/(alum colloid treatment)
Pollen stationery/crayon stationery/(screen printing)
Health promotion category:
Cotton mesh leather special leather (red star rice paper)
Fiber Xuan (hemp fiber mulberry bark, etc.). )
How to distinguish the quality of cotton rice paper?
1: Pick it up and look at the light to see if the thickness of the paper is evenly distributed.
2. Use a brush to touch some water drops on it to see the degree of blooming. Generally, it will not be too big, and the edge of blooming is about the same size.
3. When gently rolled up, there will be no hard wrinkle.
4. Look at the manufacturers who produce rice paper. Generally speaking, Red Star Xuan paper will not have quality problems.
5. Paper is cotton, and good rice paper will feel like cloth!
7. How to choose rice paper
How to choose rice paper?
First, choose paper: you should be a beginner, in short: thin paper is suitable for painting, thick paper is suitable for reading; Single Xuan Yi painting, folder Xuan Yi book. But it's not absolute. I have personal preferences.
Second, the characteristics:
1. Cotton material: mainly straw, supplemented by sandalwood bark. Paper is soft, soft and moist, suitable for general calligraphy and painting, but the paper is thin and should not be forced too hard.
2. Extra clean leather: made of sandalwood bark as the main raw material, supplemented by a small amount of straw. Paper is tough and soft, suitable for writing and painting. The special cleaning leather made in Anhui won the national gold medal of 1979. It eats ink evenly, holds ink color, and sees marks when writing. Paintings are freehand, with distinct layers and bright colors; Small freehand brushwork is easy to control pen and ink; When used in calligraphy, the ink is bright and durable.
3. Cleansing statement: It is second only to the special cleansing skin, and its nature and use effect are basically the same as those of the special cleansing skin. The difference is that the straw content is slightly higher and the hand feels softer.
Third, choose paper: choose rice paper, you must have some common sense of paper. Generally speaking, you should pay attention to the following points:
1. At first glance-good paper is not necessarily white, too white means too much whitening agent, which is not conducive to long-term preservation; Paper white but not dazzling, soft reflection; No grass stalks, sand grains, cracks, holes or other attachments.
2. Feel-smooth, delicate, uniform thickness, smooth and wear-resistant.
3. Shake the paper-soft but not brittle. If there is a loud noise and a stiff feel, it is by no means good paper.
4. Dip the ink test paper-good paper reaction: eat the ink quickly, spread evenly, and the ink edge is serrated. Click again. After the ink is dried, the layers are distinct, the ink marks are clear, and there is a thin white print between the two ink spots.