Nebulae, stars, red giants, white dwarfs, planets, comets, asteroids

The colorful cloud-like "nebulae" in the deep starry sky, the "comets" with long tails, and the sun and moon that are closely related to us are all made of the same substance (more than 100 elements in the periodic table), although their shapes are different. The reason why the shapes are different is that the planets are in different stages of evolution and the proportion of elements is different. When the planet is mainly composed of hydrogen, when the proportion of chemically stable elements such as silicon and iron in the planet increases, the nuclear reaction gradually weakens, and it is in the later stage of celestial evolution-planetary stage. "Planets" evolved from "stars". "Comets" and "asteroids" evolved from "planets". The evolution of every planet in the universe goes through several stages: "black hole", nebula, star, red giant, white dwarf, planet, comet and asteroid. Planets are homogeneous and different. Even at the same stage of evolution, their shapes are not exactly the same. According to the known astronomical data, due to the difference of direction, speed and density in the universe, when the matter in the star-level "black hole" condenses in one direction and moves in an orderly manner at an extremely fast speed, countless magnetic field vortices (namely "black holes") will be generated, and the generated energy and gravity will attract the hydrogen, oxygen, silicon and iron substances diffused in the universe, forming a circular gas and dust ring around the "black hole". The first tangible celestial body-nebula was born. Nebulae are ring-shaped or mass-shaped celestial bodies condensed by thin gas and dust. With the constant attraction and swallowing of the surrounding materials, the volume and density of the nebula reach a certain critical value, which has two important conditions for the nuclear fusion reaction of hydrogen atoms (one is that the celestial body reaches a considerable volume; Second, when the hydrogen element in the celestial body reaches a certain density, under the great friction caused by the celestial movement, the hydrogen atoms in the material-intensive central region (star core) in the "nebula" begin to undergo a fusion reaction, and huge energy is erupted, and the "nebula" evolves into a "star" that can emit intense light and heat. The "star" is huge, with hydrogen accounting for the vast majority, intense nuclear reaction and huge energy. It can attract some celestial bodies with relatively small mass and form galaxies centered on them. The evolution of the "star" stage will last for at least tens of billions of years, and the sun is in the middle stage of star evolution. With the gradual consumption of hydrogen in the star, the nuclear reaction of the star becomes weaker and weaker, and eventually it becomes a "red giant". The basic feature of "red giant star" is that due to the decrease of the internal gravity of the star, the components expand outward and become very large. The proportion of helium and oxygen in the surface layer increases, so the degree of luminescence and heating is lower than that of stars, but the solid shell has not yet formed. When the surface material of the "red giant star" is lost in the explosion of the "supernova" and the surface temperature of the star core drops to a certain extent, the silicon and iron elements that were originally gaseous and liquid in the ultra-high temperature environment will condense into solid due to the temperature drop, and the outer layer of the star core that was cooled first will begin to form a solid shell. It gradually evolved into a celestial body that can't emit light radiation by itself-"White Dwarf" and "White Dwarf" are greatly reduced in size (can be reduced by hundreds of thousands of times) due to the cooling contraction of the solid shell, and a large amount of hydrogen is compressed in the shell. Therefore, although the "white dwarf" is small, its relative mass is large, its internal material density is high, and its magnetic field and gravity are still very strong. Then, with the change of mutual attraction and centrifugal force balance with other stars and other celestial bodies, it entered the "planet" stage. From the "white dwarf" to the "planet" stage, the solid shell of a planet continues to expand, and the gaseous and liquid surface substances composed of hydrogen and oxygen elements continue to decrease. Like Jupiter, the original planets were surrounded by a very thick and dense atmosphere on their surfaces. In the middle of the planet, due to the continuous decrease of surface temperature, life will appear and exist on the planet during this period under suitable conditions such as the ratio of hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere and temperature. Because the huge energy generated by the nuclear reaction inside the "planet" will gradually accumulate a lot of pressure, every once in a while, when the shell can't bear it, the internal energy breaks through the shell to form an explosion, and a large amount of hydrogen and oxygen elements are discharged into the universe. At the same time, the volume of the planet expands and the solid shell thickens. Great changes will take place in the surface environment. After many explosions, the hydrogen and oxygen elements of the planet will be further reduced, and the internal nuclear reaction will become weaker and weaker, and it will enter the later stage of the planet like Mars. Now, although there is a thin atmosphere on the surface of Mars, there is still a small amount of solid water (white polar cap) on the surface, but there is no life-supporting environment. In recent years, exploration has found traces of rivers on Mars. In the future exploration, it is very possible to find conclusive evidence that life once existed. When the hydrogen and oxygen elements of the planet basically disappeared, the nuclear reaction basically ended, the attraction gradually weakened, the centrifugal force of each component of the planet exceeded the attraction, the balance of the internal and external structures was broken, and the planet began to fall into pieces. Comet is the main form in the last stage of planetary evolution. Because the comet nucleus also has certain attraction, it can form a group of celestial bodies (such as Halley's comet) moving around the star, and eventually it will be completely dispersed into a single celestial debris-asteroid. It is observed that this kind of celestial debris exists in a large number in the universe. When the dispersed matter in the universe spins in the cosmic magnetic field,