The inheritance, cultivation and derivation of Huaer culture in Xinjiang have deep roots with the Hui people. It is also common in areas where the Hui population is concentrated. In Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Yanqi Hui Autonomous County, Yili area and other places with large Hui population, the singing and creation of "Hua 'er" and its accompanying "Hua 'er" culture have also developed, showing the characteristics of regional culture and national culture.
First, what is a "flower"? The Origin of "Hua 'er" and Its Spread in Xinjiang
The reason why "flower" is called "flower" is closely related to people's love life. Young men and women living in the northwest plateau often express their feelings and pour out their love to each other by means of folk songs. In folk songs, the man affectionately calls the woman "flower" and the woman affectionately calls the man "teenager". Thus, this noun used to address lovers became the name of this folk song. The antonym of "flower" is "teenager". These are two poetic names, which also reflect the basic characteristics of "Hua Er".
Judging from the name of "Hua 'er" and the fact that most of the popular "Hua 'er" are love songs, this kind of folk song probably started with folk love songs, and then gradually involved in other aspects of life. Therefore, we can draw a conclusion that in the long years before liberation, most of the contents of Flowers were devoted to the love between ordinary men and women. These love songs are the most important content of traditional "flowers" and an important part of the whole "flowers".
The tune of "Huaer" is called "Ling", and "Ling" is generally different because of the different interlinings used in singing. Common orders are Zhou Tao orders, Lotus orders, Hezhou orders, Qinghai orders and Salar orders. Because "flowers" are widely used, rich in content and imitative, and the habits of singers have changed, some "flowers" have also changed, which is natural and has local characteristics.
The Hui people are bold and unconstrained, and like to improvise songs between Shan Ye, creating the folk art form of "Hua Er", which spreads in the mountains and vast land. Huaer is a Hui folk song with strong local color, which is a precious heritage and spiritual wealth of Hui folk literature and art. It is not only cherished by the Hui people, but also loved by other brothers. Singers from Han, Uygur, Kazak and other ethnic groups can sing "Hui Hua".
The hometown of "Hua 'er" is Linxia, Tao Min and other places in Gansu. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a large number of Hui people were forced to migrate from the mainland to the northwest frontier, and in the hundreds of years before liberation, there were several large-scale Hui people moving westward in the mainland. Since the pre-Qin period, the Hui people in Xinjiang have gradually spread from the northwest to all parts of Xinjiang, and have sprouted and blossomed. Most of the singers of "Huaer" in Xinjiang migrated from Weinan and Hehuang provinces in the Qing Dynasty. They have close contacts with Hui people from all over the world, so different types of Hui people "flowers" spread to each other in Xinjiang. So the seed of this flower has another offspring. According to Ma Yonglan, a 70-year-old Hui woman in Miaopu Village, Zhongshan Road Sub-district Office, changji city, Xinjiang, in the 1950s, a group of people who came to Chang by themselves sang "Flowers" with them when they were working in the village:
A pair of bulls are plowing,
Turn your head (son) around (where),
I think my sister is going back,
I have a knife in my heart.
Dongshan (where sika deer are photographed),
Xishan (it) hits wild foxes;
You go back and tell your sister,
I want to be your brother-in-law!
Judging from the contents of these "flowers", most of them sang the pure love life of ordinary young men and women, expressing their pursuit and yearning for love and a better life. They also expressed their love for Xinjiang, a hot land. Foreigners and locals have deep attachment to Xinjiang.
Due to the different popular areas, the style, structural form and singing method of "Hua 'er" are very different. It can be roughly divided into two schools: one is Linxia "Flower" represented by Linxia, and the other is Tao Min "Flower" represented by Lintan (Zhou Tao) and Minxian. There are also Hezhou (also called Hehuang), Qinghai, Dongxiang and Baoan. The Hui nationality "Hua 'er" in Xinjiang is mainly Hehuang "Hua 'er" type.
After the founding of New China, the suffering Hui people were liberated, and the content of "flowers" also kept pace with the times. It almost completely turned from a love song to an ode to a new society and a new life. People praise the policies of the Party and Chairman Mao and their happy lives in the form of "flowers". Express their love for the new society, and express the high fighting spirit and joy of the hardworking and brave Hui people in building their homes and moving towards the future; Singing the ever-changing society and great changes in all aspects expresses people's new thoughts, feelings and wishes. As a member of the Chinese nation, Hui nationality has a long tradition of patriotism and a strong spirit of patriotism. They are hardworking, brave and pioneering. They love the Party, socialism and new life, are diligent in cultivation and work, are brave in exploration and development, and are good at learning and creation, making outstanding contributions to the development and progress of their hometown. The new "flower" shows people a picture of a new life, new ideas and a new look.
"The mountain flower is unbeaten, and the heart is fragrant for a thousand years." When traveling in Xinjiang, people will often hear such an affectionate sentence. Heart flower is a flower from the heart, which refers to a local folk song with high-pitched and melodious tone and deep and dignified emotion-the "flower" of the Hui people in Xinjiang.
Second, my opinion on the inheritance and cultivation of "Hua 'er" culture in Xinjiang
The government of the Party Committee of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and relevant departments attach great importance to the "Hua 'er" culture, especially Changji and Yanqi declared the intangible cultural heritage protection and other inheritance and development projects. It laid the foundation for the survival of this national cultural treasure. Especially during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, changji city played five city cards-livable city, leisure city, famous food town, flower town and Guanyin town. The "Hua 'er" culture plays an opera on stage, which has injected vitality into the inheritance, cultivation and development of Xinjiang's "Hua 'er" culture economically. Yili, Changji, Bazhou and other places hold different forms of "Hua 'er" culture and art festivals and performances every year. All ethnic groups in Xinjiang like "Twelve Muqams" and have a special liking for "flowers" culture. However, from my experience of visiting Qinghai, Ningxia, Gansu and other places for many years and attending the "Hua 'er" conference in northwest 12 provinces (autonomous regions) and 5 provinces (autonomous regions), I think that the following aspects should be paid attention to in the inheritance, cultivation and development of "Hua 'er" culture in Xinjiang:
(A) focus on popularization and innovation
"Flower" is an integral part of folk literature and art, and it is also the carrier of national folk culture. Protecting, inheriting and innovating "Hua 'er" plays an important role in promoting national culture. Especially in Xinjiang, a multi-ethnic environment, the accumulation of "flowers" fully embodies a centripetal force formed by people's cultural needs. Therefore, first, we must grasp the characteristics of the masses and do a good job in popularization, protection and inheritance. "Flowers" is sung in the mouth of ordinary people and remains fragrant in the hearts of the masses. Especially in ethnic minority areas, agricultural and pastoral areas and Hui inhabited areas, people's demand for "Hua 'er" culture is very urgent. No matter how to inherit, continue and create, it is inseparable from the spontaneous, mellow and simple language, with the fragrance of the earth and the melody engraved in people's hearts. What impressed me the most was that every time I went to Qinghai to attend the "Flower" party, people from all directions gathered in the flower singing venue like a spring tide. I once went to Madan Town, Huzhu County, Qinghai Province to attend the "Flower Show". What surprised me even more was that every country road was crowded with people going to the performance venue. They all came to listen to "Flowers" spontaneously, consciously and voluntarily. What a beautiful sea of flowers.