When we look up at the night sky and see the bright moon, our hearts will always arouse infinite reverie. Some people will immediately think of poems related to the moon: "The moon is bright, and people are crowded around" ("The Book of Songs, Chen Feng, Moonrise"), "The moon is now full of the sea, and the horizon is * * * at this time. Bring long thoughts of the night to the separated heart "(Zhang Jiuling's" Looking at the Moon and Thinking about the Distance ")," Will there be frost at the foot of my bed with such bright light? Looking up, I found it was moonlight, and then it sank, and I suddenly remembered my home (Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night), "The moon and the river are similar year after year" (Zhang's Moonlit Night on the Spring River), "The rabbit is cold and the toad is cold and the osmanthus is white, and the moth should be heartbroken this night" (Li Shangyin's poems are about the same image-the moon, though. The symbolic meaning of the moon image is very rich in China culture. Many people have made many analyses of its symbolic meaning from the perspectives of cultural archetypes and poetry appreciation, and achieved remarkable results. On the basis of China's classical poems, I want to talk about the symbolic significance of the moon image in China's ancient poems.
The moon is a symbol of beauty.
The Chinese nation has always had a special affection for the moon, which has become a typical image and an eternal theme in literature. The Book of Songs Chen Chu has the following words: "The bright moon is in the sky, and people are crowded", that is, the beauty of characters is set off by moonlight, which shows that people noticed the beauty of the moon in the pre-Qin period. By the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, the moon had become the direct description object of poetry and songs. Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties vividly described the beauty of the moon: "The gas melts clean and shines far away, the quality is bright, moist and sincere, the weakness does not waste the light, and the purity does not arouse pollution." The moon is endowed with lofty, moist, soft and quiet aesthetic connotation. The combination of the moon and the world's mountains and rivers will form a more beautiful scenery. Xie Zhuang's Yuefu wrote: "The air is on the surface, the clouds gather at dusk, the waves rise in Dongting, and the leaves leave slightly. Chrysanthemums scatter mountain peppers, and geese mourn the river. Autumn is long in quality and low in lightness. " The pure beauty of the autumn moon is shown against the backdrop of mountains and rivers; The dim and soft brilliance of the moon also has a landscape effect, which can give the landscape a unique charm. Tao Yuanming's leisure fu said: "The moon is beautiful in the clouds." On the one hand, it shows that the moon itself is beautiful, on the other hand, the bright moon hanging high in the clouds can add beauty to the world scenery. Writing poems about the moon can always give people beautiful enjoyment. Zhang, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in "Moonlit Night on the Spring River": "The spring river is there, and the bright moon on the sea is born in the tide. I drift with the tide for thousands of miles, and there is no moon by the river. The river flows around Fangdian, and the moonlight shines on the flowers and trees like graupel. Frost flows in the air and cannot be seen on the white sand. " The poet's observation of moonlight is extremely subtle: moonlight washes away colorful things in the world and dyes the world as dreamy silver, so "first frost doesn't fly" and "white sand can't see", but only bright moonlight. Zhang Xian, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote in the preface to the Qing Dynasty: "It's even more like a bright moon, and the shadow of the swing next door", describing that the dissolved moonlight was sent to the shadow of the swing next door, which made people imagine the graceful figure of a beautiful woman swinging, and subtly expressed the poet's feelings of missing his lover. Zhang Xian's "Magnolia" also includes: "The moonlight in the atrium is clear, and countless poplar flowers have gone without a shadow", which shows that during the Qingming Festival, countless pale poplar flowers floated in the moonlight, and the old dreams floating in his heart were all integrated into this "shadowless" picture. These poems are covered with a vague "hazy color", because the moon is as clear and serene as a dream and gives people a hazy aesthetic feeling. "The crescent moon is like an eyebrow, which reminds people of the beauty standing on the jade steps under the moon, which constitutes a kind of quiet and graceful beauty; The hazy moon, filled with unspeakable sadness, constitutes a hazy beauty; The flowers are separated from the moon, and the lingering fragrance symbolizes the elegance and gorgeous beauty; The bright moon in the sky symbolizes the beauty of grandeur and antiquity. Endless symbols have created an endless aesthetic world of the moon, and countless hearts have created countless aesthetic images of the moon. "
The beauty of the moon is sublime, moist, gentle, quiet and pure. In the poem about the moon, the appearance of the moon image immediately makes the whole poem beautiful. For example, spring, river, flowers, moon and night are the background of the poem, and the moon is the main body. "Moon" is a blend of scenes in the poem, like a link in the whole poem, which runs through the top and bottom and touches the place. In the moonlight, rivers, beaches, sky, Yuan Ye, maple trees, flower forests, flying frost, white clouds, boats, tall buildings, dressing tables, anvil stones, flying geese, diving ichthyosaurs, sleepless homesickness and wandering wanderers form a complete poetic image, which constitutes a picture full of philosophy and life interest. This picture is bright and rich in color. Although sketched in ink and wash, it shows colorful artistic effects from the complementary of black and white and the coexistence of reality and reality, just like an elegant China ink painting, reflecting the beautiful artistic conception of moonlight on the riverside. The artistic conception of the whole poem is too beautiful and quiet. It can be said that the beautiful artistic conception created by the poem "Moonlit Night on a Spring River" is unprecedented. As a master of dilution school, Wang Wei's poetic style is leisurely, quiet, light and distant, and his poetic artistic conception is also beautiful. Such as "Bamboo House": "Leaning on dense bamboo, playing the piano and humming songs. The voice is so low that no one can hear it except my partner Mingyue. " The artistic conception of this poem, just like Shi Puhua's evaluation, not only gives people the feeling of "quiet and unique customs" ("My Servant's Poem"), but also makes people feel that the scenery of the secluded forest on this moonlit night is so ethereal and clear, and the people who play the piano and shout during it are so carefree and carefree, and the escape is integrated with the inside story. When describing the surrounding scenery, the poet chose bamboo forest and bright moon, which is consistent with the quiet environment to be expressed. In his poems, except for my comrades, the bright moon not only contrasts with "people don't know", but also plays a role in breaking the night. The whole poem has a beautiful artistic conception, which makes people feel "lingering sound".
The moon not only gives people beauty, but also symbolizes the beauty of women. Looking through the Book of Songs, we will find that the moon symbolizes the beauty of women in the poem, which can be confirmed by the rising of the sun and the moon in the east. Among them, "Oriental Day" and "Oriental Moon" in "Oriental Day" symbolize women's appearance and are creative. Ma said: "The ancients compared the beauty of human color to the sun and the moon." (Explanation of Shi Mao's Biography and Notes) This has a great influence on later writers and folk songs. For example, Song Yu's "Goddess Fu" writes beauty: "When you first arrive, you shine on the roof of the house at the beginning of the day; Less is as bright as the moon. There is a famous saying in Wei Zhuang that "people are like the moon, and frost and snow are on their wrists" ("Bodhisattva Man, Everyone says Jiangnan is good"). Especially worth mentioning is the poem "The Book of Songs, Chen Feng, Moon Out". It is of pioneering significance to China's poetic tradition of comparing beauty with the moon and expressing lovesickness with the moon. " Yueming people are here, Shu Yao corrected them, and they came to me sadly! When the moon came out, it was beautiful and you were worried. Worried! The moon is bright, people are bright, and people are loose. I am in pain! "This is a love poem for people under the moon. Jiao, Hao and Zhao in the poem all describe the bright moonlight, and Liao, Zhuo and Liao all describe the beauty of women. " The moon is bright and people are beautiful. "Biography of Mao" notes: "Women are beautiful and fair. "The bright moonlight reminds people of the whiteness and brilliance of beauty, and the high moon implies that beauty is out of reach. Zhu's evaluation of this poem in the seventh series of Biography of Chen Feng's Poems is: "This is also a sentence that men and women love each other. It is said that as soon as the moon comes out, Jiao Ran is gone, and so are the beautiful ones. What is the feeling of Shu Yao's amendment? I thought it was difficult and quiet. Fu Shaoliang once pointed out: "The full moon is the natural background for poets to express their lovesickness." In my opinion, at this time, the moon has not only been rendered as the background. In the era of The Book of Songs, our ancestors placed many feelings on the bright moon. The moon symbolizes beauty and sustains lovesickness, which should be said to be the traditional symbolic meaning of the moon.
In fact, the moon, as a symbol of human beauty, appears not only in China's literary works, but also in the literary works of other countries and nations. And the moon is not limited to women, beautiful men can also use the moon to describe their beauty. In the famous Arabian folk myth collection "Arabian Nights", the moon is often used as a metaphor for human beauty. For example, in The Story of Prince carmelo and Princess Bertrand: "Later, the queen became pregnant and gave birth to a prince, who was as beautiful and lovely as the moon at fourteen nights, so she was named Jamelo Shen Man. ..... His soft and charming face looks particularly beautiful, as beautiful and lovely as the moon for fourteen nights. ..... people are beautiful, as beautiful as the moon. "
Second, the moon is the carrier of human lovesickness.
The moon reposes the lovesickness between lovers. As mentioned earlier in this paper, in the poem "The Moon Comes Out", the moon has been used to pin the love between lovers, which shows that this symbolic significance has a long history. Fu Shaoliang said in the article "On the Moon Image and Philosopher Style in Li Bai's Poems": "In the emotional sustenance stage, the moon has been transformed from an independent objective scene into a part of human emotions, and the creative subject poured his emotions into the moon image by means of symbols and empathy, and the subject and object were harmoniously integrated through certain emotional activities." Indeed, throughout the ancient poems related to the moon, there are countless works that express their feelings through the moon. Themes include boudoir feelings, homesickness, farewell, etc., which have become the basic themes of monthly poems. Among these themes, love poems have the largest number and high achievements. This may be related to the prototype symbolic meaning of the moon-using the moon as a metaphor for human beauty. Nineteen Ancient Poems: When Will the Moon Be Bright? ":"The moon has how bright? Take my bed latitude. I can't sleep because of sadness. " This is a boudoir poem, which is about a woman who misses her long-distance husband. Write the scene at the beginning and put the protagonist in a specific environment. In the dead of night, the bright moon is in the sky, and time is sprinkled on the bed through the Luo Zhang. She is lonely and desolate. Therefore, the streamer of the bright moon became the inducement, which led to her endless melancholy. Pan Yue's "Three Mourning Poems" (the second part) also has a lyric sentence of "The bright moon shines on the window and shines on the southern end of my room" ... I don't ask when it is cold and the moonlight is hazy. By expressing the feeling of loneliness and desolation in the heart when the moon rises to the window lattice on autumn night, the author shows the poet's infinite pain in missing his dead wife. The moon shines on the poet's empty bed, and the poet is tossing and turning on the bed, and his yearning for his dead wife is deepening. "The jade curtain can't be rolled, but the clothes brush the anvil back", which vividly shows the homesickness of the homesick woman. Seeing the moon, Sifu remembered his own thoughts, so he was very upset and wanted to shut the moon out so as not to arouse acacia. But when the curtains are rolled up, the moon shadow can't be driven away, and it keeps brushing away the moon shadow on the anvil, but it is everywhere. Acacia cannot be abandoned. "The moon, now full of the sea, the end of the world * * *. Bringing separated hearts and missing at night "(Zhang Jiuling's" Looking at the Moon and Thinking Far away ") vividly describes the mentality of men and women in love. The two are far apart, and the language of love in their hearts can't be directly expressed to each other, so they can only look at the moon and send away their lovesickness. Du Fu also wrote in Moonlit Night: "She looked at the moonlight in Fuzhou, far away, and looked at it alone from the window of her room." The beginning of this poem is abrupt and vivid. Being in Chang 'an, the poet did not write about the moonlit night in Chang 'an, but suddenly wrote about the moonlight in Zhangzhou. He didn't write that he missed his wife, but that his wife missed himself. This way of writing is beyond the norm, but it is still meaningful to taste it carefully. It is precisely because the poet looked at the moon in Chang 'an and missed his wife that he realized that his wife was missing himself. The so-called "full moon is not round" is the same sigh after the husband and wife leave! The poet expresses his sincere and dignified lovesickness by looking at the moon. Among the works expressing feelings through the moon, the most distinctive one is the song "Picking Mulberry Seeds" by Lv Benzhong in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Hating the monarch is not like the moon, north and south, east and west, north and south. Hate you like Jiang Yue. If it is full, it will still lose money. When will we be reunited? " The author writes about a homesick woman who can't sleep at night, standing alone in a small building by the river, facing a bright moon, with endless sadness. It is also a bright moon, with the characteristics of bright and bright, east and west, north and south, and it follows people everywhere. How like a loyal and affectionate partner, and inseparable. I hate my husband, but he can't always run away from home like this bright moon. Leave me alone in the boudoir, lonely. In this word, the moon is a positive image in the first film, warm and affectionate, reflecting her husband's wandering and his endless hatred. In the following paragraph, the author makes a metaphor from the temporary fullness and loss of the moon, and the moon becomes a negative image at this time. From the long separation, this thoughtful woman thought of the brevity of the party, the love between husband and wife, and the fleeting time together. On the contrary, it is like the full moon of the moon. How long can January be in the air? The waning moon positively set off her husband's long separation, pain, sadness and hatred. In short, the heroine thinks that her husband can't do it, so giving love to the moon is directly proportional and inversely proportional, all of which are acacia and sadness. In the preface of Lantern Festival (19 16), L. Cranmer talked about the moon, an ubiquitous symbol in China's poetry circles: "The moon enveloped the old poetry circles in China. ..... (She) is a beautiful and pale audience of human drama, and all the secrets, passions and joys she knows quickly collapse or slowly rot ... She connects the thoughts of couples who are far away in Qianshan. "
2. The moon also places people's longing for their hometown and the moon. Looking forward to the moon and homesickness in classical poetry is also a traditional theme involved by many poets. The moon became the most silent witness of the poet's homesickness. Poets miss their relatives in their hometown and often place their hopes on the bright moon, which can be described as "the bright moon sends acacia thousands of miles away." For example, Li Bai: "I have a bright line at the foot of my bed. Is there frost?" . Looking up, I found that it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home. " "Homesickness" is the association of "bright moon" and "hometown", and it is a psychological experience of people's communication. Homelessness is a typical emotion. People who have left their homes are homesick and always want to see their hometown, so they climb high and overlook it. Although I can't see it, as long as the distance is not too far, I can always give my mood a comfort. However, if Qianshan Mountain is thousands of miles away, even if it is "looking at the horizon", it is still "lamenting the separation of hometown, tears falling and I forbade" (RoyceWong's "Climbing the Building") and "looking up and finding that it is moonlight" can make the wanderers thousands of miles away feel a little homesick. Because at this time, the moon is becoming the intermediary between relatives in the hometown of the wanderer, and everyone's eyes intersect on the moon, which psychologically shortens the geographical distance, just like the villagers from their hometown give the wanderer a particularly cordial feeling. "Jun came from his hometown" (Wang Wei's Miscellaneous Poems), he not only brought the information of his relatives, but also seemed to radiate the body temperature of his relatives because he had just come from them. In this way, tourists from their hometown become intermediaries between their hometown and other places. In the minds of wanderers, the intimacy of "visitors from hometown" is exactly the same as the feeling of homesickness. The homesickness on a moonlit night is beautiful. There is a similar poem: Du Fu: "A vagrant hears the drums heralding the battle, and the first call of the geese from the border in autumn. He knows that the dew will be frost tonight, and how bright the moonlight is at home! "(Remembering my brother on a moonlit night) Lu Lun:" My hair is long, like flowing water in Sanxiang, and my heart is homesick with the moon for three thousand miles. " ("Sleeping at Wuchang") Xu Zhenqing: "Hometown tonight, give it to people." (Moon) Chen Houshan: "You should not understand, but you seem to want to persuade people to return it." (Fifteenth Night)
Friends and relatives who are thousands of miles away have good wishes for each other, and all hope that "I hope people will live for a long time and be beautiful thousands of miles away". An ordinary moon, after some processing by people, has become the best thing to express people's parting and hatred.
3. There is another special type of acacia under the moon, which is acacia under the moon in frontier fortress poems. The soldiers guarding the border are in the desolate border, and they miss their hometown and relatives more. However, "the spring breeze is but the Yumenguan Pass", and this kind of yearning can't be known to relatives, so we can only pin this kind of yearning on the bright moon and the Hu Yi flute tube. Border is a lonely and bitter place, and this kind of lovesickness poem under the moon is often full of sadness and bitterness. For example, Li Yi's "On Listening to the Flute at Night on the Wall of the Country" says: "The sand is like snow before Yuefeng, and the moon outside the city is like frost. I don't know where to play the flute, and I want to recruit people all night. " The first two sentences of this poem describe the scenery under the moon seen in the city. A piece of sand in front of Huile Peak. Under the moonlight, the sand is as white as snow and cold. Outside the high city, there is bright and cold moonlight in the sky and underground, as cold as autumn frost. This desert, like frost moon and snow moon, is a typical environment that causes homesickness. And a feeling of being close to home and missing my hometown vaguely welled up in the poet's mind. On this silent night, the night wind brought the bleak and bitter flute, which aroused the feeling of looking forward to hometown. Under the moonlight, the border is lonely and sad, and I deeply feel the universal homesickness brought by the flute; This is really the eternal swan song of "absolutely healthy mood, prominent syllables, emotional exhaustion, and never tire of reading"! There are many frontier poems of this kind, such as Li Yi's "Join the Army in the North": "After the snow in Tianshan Mountain, the sea is cool and the flute is hard to go everywhere. There are 300,000 people in the stockade. I will look back at the moon for a while. " Li Yi's "Listening to Xiao Jiao": "Last night, the frost followed the elm tree, and the horn sounded when the city was lonely. Infinite autumn wind volume "Little Khan". " Li Yi, as a master of frontier fortress poems, started with the bright moon and music, and injected homesickness and homesickness between the lines of the poems, which really had a unique flavor.
Acacia under the moon not only expresses our traditional feelings, but also has special uses in some poets' works. For example, there is such a poem in Cao Cao's "Short Songs": "When will it be as bright as the moon? The troubles come from this and cannot be cut off. " The poet compares the "bright moon" to a talent he misses and yearns for. He feels that the talents he misses and yearns for are beyond his reach, just like the bright moon in the sky, which is out of reach and lovely, so his troubles are like endless running water. This shows the poet's thirst for talents and his admiration for talents. Cao Zhi also wrote a poem in "Seven Sorrow": "The bright moon shines on tall buildings, and the time is falling. There are sad women in the world, and sorrow is more than sorrow. " This poem was written in the unfortunate situation of Cao Zhi's later period. On the surface, it is about a homesick woman's thoughts and sadness about her husband, but in fact it is a tortuous confession of the poet's sad mood after being abandoned politically. The poet began to write from the bright moon and described the quiet night. A bright moon hangs above the tall building, and the moonlight is like water. When he saw the sad and homesick woman in the high building, he lamented that she was missing her husband. The wisps of grief buried in her heart, like the swaying bright moonlight, gently beat her heart. The scene at this time is completely integrated with the homesick woman's mood. In fact, what the poet wants to express is his attitude towards politics, just like this homesick woman. It is vivid to think of a woman lamenting under the moon to express her life consciousness.