Miao people live in the south, more than half in Guizhou, and the rest are distributed in Hunan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guangdong, Hubei and other provinces. They live with other brothers, with a population of about 5 10/00000. Li occupies a certain proportion among Miao people, and is one of the most popular surnames among Miao people in Weining area of western Guizhou. China people's surname is Li and Miao people's surname is Meng Enlu, which is a special way for them to implement the "father-son joint system". Some Miao people are the products of national integration, and some have nothing to do with the original meaning of Miao people. For example, in the Miao Uprising in Guizhou led by Xianfeng and Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, there was an insurgent general named Li Hongji, but his surname was not Li, and Li was the wrong spelling of his Miao name Zhun, which means "buffalo" in Miao language and "Acer" means "corner", so "Li Hongji" is. According to relevant scholars' research, when the Qing government registered the household registration, it changed the Miao surname of the male head of household into the Han surname with the same pronunciation, thus forming the surname of Han Miao. This is how some Li people of Miao nationality were formed.
2. Zhuang nationality:
Zhuang nationality developed from a branch of Baiyue in ancient times, and is the most populous minority in China, with about13.4 million people, of whom more than 90% live in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and a few live in Yunnan, Guangdong and other provinces. Li is a large number of Zhuang people, and has produced some influential figures, such as Li and Li Jingui, famous generals of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, all of whom are Zhuang people.
3. Yao nationality:
Yao nationality mainly developed from a part of the ancient "Changsha Wu Lingren". There are about1450,000 people, distributed in the mountainous areas of Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Guangdong and Guizhou provinces, among which the number of Yao people in Guangxi accounts for more than 70% of the total number. Li is one of the main surnames of Yao nationality, ranking fifth among the original twelve surnames of Yao nationality. According to blood relationship, Yao Li has several sets of "houses"; Every room has a title, and the titles of generations are "Looking Forward", "Bobby" and "Nine Valley". Li Yao has the spirit of resisting feudal oppression. In the Qing Dynasty, there were Li Ying, the leader of eight schools of Yao nationality in Guangdong, and Li Yuanfa, the leader of Yao uprising in Hunan.
4. Bai nationality:
Bai people call themselves "Bai Zi" and "Baini", mainly living in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and scattered in Bijiang, Yuanjiang, Kunming, Zhaotong, Bijie and other places in Guizhou Province. 1982 population is about1300,000. Du You, a historian in the Tang Dynasty, was an envoy of Lingnan and was familiar with the situation of southern minorities. The General Code he wrote recorded the surname of the Bai nationality: "There are dozens of tribes ... there are dozens of surnames in the land, with Yang, Li, Zhao and Dong as celebrities, each depending on mountains and rivers and not subordinate to each other." It can be seen that Li is the most popular surname among the Bai people, with a history of at least 1000 years. Tracing back to the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu, gave Zhang's surname to Longyou, the leader of the Na people living in Yunnan, and other leaders gave Yang, Li and Zhao's surnames. It can be seen that the Bai people in Yunnan had Li more than 1,700 years ago. After the Three Kingdoms, many Korean people moved to Yunnan, and with the passage of time, they merged with the Bai people. For example, Yang, Li, Zhao and other surnames in Er He Ren in Zhenguan period of Tang Dynasty all claimed to be Han Chinese.
5. She nationality:
She refers to burning hazelnuts for farming, that is, burning the vegetation in the field before sowing and using ash as fertilizer. She nationality is named after being engaged in slash-and-burn agriculture. They call themselves "She" or "Shanke", with about 380,000 people, who are distributed in some mountainous areas of more than 60 counties (cities) in Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Anhui and other provinces, with Fujian and Zhejiang as the most. They generally speak Chinese, mainly engaged in agriculture, and have lived with the Han people for a long time, which is very close. The genealogy of She nationality in Xiapu County, Fujian Province records that "in the second year of Tang Guangqi (AD 886), there were more than 360 people, including Pan, Lan, Lei, Zhong and Li, and the king of Fujian was a township official who came to Fujian from the sea", indicating that there were Li of She nationality in Fujian at the end of Tang Dynasty. Li Zhifu, the leader of Fujian peasant uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty, was called She nationality.
6. Jews:
Jews were called "Hebrews" in ancient times. He lived in Palestine in13rd century BC. In 1 1 century BC, he used Hebrew (Semitic language family belonging to Semitic language family) to establish the kingdom of Israel and Judaism. During the reign of the Roman Empire in the first and second centuries A.D., most of them were driven out of their places of residence, and some of them were persecuted and slaughtered in Europe, or combined with local nationalities. The introduction of Judaism into China began in the Tang Dynasty. More people came to China in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty. The ancestors of these Jews who entered China in the Northern Song Dynasty left their homeland in the 1970s BC and migrated to Mumbai. After living there for more than 1 100 years, they moved eastward along the sea route in the middle and late1century and arrived in China. At the same time, there are still some Jews scattered in Luoyang, Beijing, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Quanzhou and other places, but the largest number are Jews living in Kaifeng. This Jewish immigrant living in Kaifeng, headed by Li, has seventeen surnames, including Li, An, Ai, Gao, Mu, Zhao, Jin, Zhou, Zhang, Shi, Huang, Nie, Jin, Zhang, Zuo and Bai, and two of them are "different families with the same surname". In the 15th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (AD 1642), in September, the Ming army dug the Yellow River levee and drowned the rebels in Li Zicheng, making Kaifeng a Zeguo, and Kaifeng Jews fled all over the country. Until the first year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (AD 1662), the surviving Jews returned to Kaifeng with the Han and Hui nationalities, and then rebuilt the mosque on the temple site. In the early Qing Dynasty, Kaifeng Jews had seven surnames: Li, Ai, Zhao, Zhang, Gao, Jin and Shi, with Li still ranking first. At present, Kaifeng Jews still have four surnames and Li, and they have fully accepted Chinese culture.
7. Mongolians:
Li Yala, a native of Eight Banners in Mongolia, originally lived in Qifengling, Xiuyan, Dandong, and later belonged to Hongqi Mongolia with the homophonic Chinese character Li Wei as his surname. In the 26th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (A.D. 1687), he was ordered to be stationed in Qifengling, Xiuyan, and later his descendants were scattered in Tang Chi and Fengcheng.
8. Hui nationality:
Li in Hui nationality mainly comes from surname.
According to a brief history of Muslim sages in China, Li was one of the fifteen tribes in the Tang Dynasty. Because of the martial arts in the world, I am proud of my country. "
In addition, a few Li surnames originated from changing their surnames. According to local chronicles, Lin was originally named in the early Ming Dynasty, but his ancestor died calmly in Fuzhou because of his loyalty and unyielding suspicion of power, and later changed his surname to Li. In the Qing Dynasty, Niezan, a Hui nationality in Neifu, changed his surname to Li, which was another branch of the Hui Li nationality.