Chinese name: Winter Palace Category: Museum of Cultural Relics Location: St. Petersburg Palace Square (No.34 Riverside Street of the Palace) Opening hours: Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, Sunday 10:30- 18:00, Wednesday and Friday 10: 30-265438. Every Monday, 65438+ 10 1 will be closed on May 9th. Boutique collection: The Virgin Baby was founded in 1754 to 1762? Suggested length of play: half a day. Country: Russian city: St. Petersburg. Best playing season: June, September, 65438+ 10. Official website: hermitagemuseum Architectural type: required reading before Russian Baroque architecture, introduction of scenic spots, key information, how to get there, beautiful pictures of scenic spots, historical evolution, architectural features, Winter Palace Square, art collection, related development, tourism information, October Revolution, historical evolution The Winter Palace was first built from 1754 to 1762, which is 60. /kloc-in the middle of the 0/9th century, there was a special law in Russia at that time, which stipulated that all buildings in St. Petersburg, except churches, should be lower than the Winter Palace. 1837 was destroyed by fire, and 1838 to 1839 were rebuilt. 1905, the "bloody Sunday" incident occurred in the square in front of the Winter Palace when the czar shot and killed the petitioners in the Winter Palace. 1917165438+10.7 (65438+10.25), the people who participated in the October Revolution captured the Winter Palace, where they arrested the temporary minister of the bourgeoisie, and the former palace returned. Architectural Features The Winter Palace is the palace of the former czar, and now it is the Tashi Museum in Elmy. Designed by the famous Italian architect Bartolomeo Rastrelli, it is an outstanding example of Russian neoclassical architecture in the middle of18th century. The Alexander Column in the Winter Palace was built from 1830 to 1839 to commemorate Alexander I's great achievements in defeating Napoleon's army in 18 12. The Winter Palace faces neva river, with a slightly prominent center, three arched iron gates and a group of Atlas giants at the entrance. There are two rows of colonnades around the palace, which are magnificent. The palace is inlaid with marble, malachite, lapis lazuli, porphyrite and jasper. Gold-plated and copper-plated decoration; Sculptures, murals and embroidered curtains decorated with various textures. The Queen's living room, Winter Palace Square and the corner of Winter Palace Square are amazing in boldness and scale, and all its buildings are very harmonious. All the buildings were built by different architects in different styles at different times. In order to commemorate the victory over Napoleon, an Alexander memorial column was erected in the center of the square. It is 47.5 meters high, 4 meters in diameter and weighs 600 tons. It is made of a whole piece of granite and stands on the cornerstone by its own weight without any support. At the top of it is an angel holding a cross. The angel steps on a snake with both feet, which is a symbol of defeating the enemy.
Art Collection The museum was originally the private museum of Queen Catherine II. 1764, Catherine II bought 250 paintings by Rembrandt and Rubens from Berlin and deposited them in the Winter Palace (which means "hidden palace" in French), hence the name of the museum. In order to show his power, during his 34 years in office (1762- 1796), Catherine II constantly acquired and collected various works of art, including 16000 coins and commemorative medals. She bought about 2000 paintings in her first ten years in power. The 38,000 books in her library reflect her serious reading career-she read Voltaire and Rousseau's works and kept in touch with Voltaire for many years until the latter died in 1778. Caitlin later bought his 7000 books. With the increase of the collection, Little Hermitage and Big Elmy Tashi were built from 1764 to 1789. Located in the Throne Hall, the Oriental Art Museum has 6,543.8+0.6 million exhibits since 4000 BC, including thousands of ancient Egyptian cultural relics, such as sarcophagus, mummies, reliefs, papyrus documents, sacrificial articles and Coptic textiles, the world's largest Iranian silverware, and cultural relics from Babylon, Assyria, Turkey and other countries. The Far East Art Museum has a large collection of China cultural relics and artworks, including more than 200 rare silks and embroideries from Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty and 1 century, sculptures and murals of the Thousand Buddha Cave in Dunhuang, as well as China porcelain, enamel, lacquerware, landscape paintings and ladies' paintings. Including 3000 Chinese New Year pictures and the largest number of Thai sculptures outside Thailand. Western European Art Museum is the earliest exhibition hall, occupying 120 exhibition hall, mainly painting, sketch and sculpture in the Renaissance. Only ten oil paintings of leonardo da vinci have been handed down from generation to generation, and the Madonna of benoit and the Madonna of Rita are displayed here. Raphael's Notre Dame de Tabby and Sancta familia and Michelangelo's sculpture "The Little Boy Curled Up" are both treasures of the museum. Statues, vases and other cultural relics of ancient Greece and Rome are displayed in more than 20 halls. Elmy Tashi's architecture and interior decoration are very distinctive. The parquet floor is bright and dazzling, and the art furniture is exquisite and durable. There are about 400 gem vases, floor lamps and tables inlaid with gems. This museum has a large collection. It is said that if you want to pass through about 350 open exhibition halls of Tashi Museum in Elmy, the journey is about 22 kilometers long. Notre Dame de Benoit painter: Leonardo da Vinci's Notre Dame de Benoit is regarded as a milestone in Leonardo da Vinci's creation. Probably painted in 1478, which is probably his first independent work. In the picture, the virgin Mary holds the baby with a happy smile. Lovely Jesus is sitting on her lap. Maria amused the baby with flowers. The baby's right hand reached out to get the flowers, and at the same time, she reached out her other hand to catch her mother. So the action of playing with flowers constitutes the theme of the whole painting. The virgin here is no longer the virgin in the medieval picture, but shows the maternal nature of secular mothers. Her smile highly summarizes the happiness of young people facing their children in reality. At the same time, the window on the dark wall in the painting, on the one hand, shows the action taking place indoors, on the other hand, shows the clear blue sky outside the window, thus replacing the traditional "holy light" on the head of the Virgin Mary with gorgeous colors and replacing "divinity" with more "humanity". Saskia with a whip as a flower god: Rembrandt's "Saskia as a flower god" was created by Rembrandt in 1634, and the protagonist in the painting is Rembrandt's beloved wife Saskia. Young painter with a whip: The child who looks like a girl in Pierre August Rehnova's oil painting Young with a whip is Dr. Gu Long's youngest son, Eternou. The doctor ordered portraits of four children from Rehnova. At that time, his portraits of children (especially girls) were very popular, which also enriched the life of Reno, a painter who just had a 40-year-old son. Painter who worships Maria: paul gauguin worships Maria. The oil painting "Worship Maria" by Gauguin, formerly known as "Ia Organa Maria", is the greeting of Tahiti national language to angels. Gauguin, a 43-year-old painter, came to Tahiti, his long-awaited paradise, and created this oil painting. The whole painting is full of bright colors, which shows the simplicity of islanders and their beliefs. Young painter with dogs: Picasso, a young cubist painter with dogs in Pablo Picasso, was in poverty and created the oil painting "Dog Boy". But because of his love with Fernandez, Picasso changed from "blue period" to "rose period". Compared with the color of the blue period, the blue of this painting is brighter. This is one of a series of oil paintings with the theme of acrobatic troupe artists. Painter of the Red Table: At the beginning of the 20th century, when henri matisse's Painter of the Red Table and Matisse's oil painting The Red Table were born, there was a realistic atmosphere that faithfully reproduced the reality. At that time, the art of trying to reproduce reality on a plane with perspective and light and shade was tried. After trying various creative techniques represented by impressionism at the end of 19, the conclusion was that it was impossible to completely reproduce reality. Related Development In 2005, after years of cooperation, IBM and Tashi Museum in Elmy used powerful technical means to rejuvenate the ancient artistic heritage. Show the great potential of the Internet to the world, and push the unparalleled artistic treasures of Tashi Museum in Elmy to the world. Dr. Piote Lovsky, curator of the Russian hermitage museum, said: "We are proud to offer a new project worthy of attention for visitors to the Winter Palace. It not only shows the unique art collection and the Tsar's bedroom, but also is a model of combining cutting-edge computer technology with extraordinary historical and artistic heritage. " Tickets for tourist information in the Winter Palace at sunset: foreign tourists: 600 rubles per person for a single day, and 0/000 rubles per person for two days. Domestic tourists 100 rubles/person, free with student ID card. Opening hours: Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday 10:30- 18:00, Wednesday and Friday10: 30-2100; Closed every Monday at 65438+ 10 1 and May 9th; The ticket window closes half an hour before closing every day. Travel Notes: Photography is allowed in the museum, but the equipment has to be purchased. The camera is 200 rubles per person, and the camera is 300 rubles per person. The ticket queue is long, so it is recommended to buy from the green ticket vending machine at the door. Cash, UnionPay, MasterCard and visa are all acceptable, and there are few people waiting in line. Tickets purchased on the ticket machine are 700 rubles/person. Address: No.34 Binhe Street, Palace. Transportation: get off at the Neva Street MRT station. October Revolution October Revolution (also known as Bolshevik Revolution, Russian Production Revolution, etc. ) is the second stage after the February revolution of 19 17. The October Revolution took place on1917165438+17 October (julian calendar 65438+125 October). The former Soviet Union and other socialist countries and organizations generally believe that the October Revolution was an armed uprising led by the Bolsheviks under the leadership of Lenin and Trotsky, which established the third proletarian regime in human history-the Soviet regime and the first socialist country led by a Marxist political party (the first was the proletarian regime of the Paris Commune, and the second was the Hungarian Soviet Republic). The revolution overthrew the temporary bourgeois Russia led by kerensky, and laid the foundation for the Russian Civil War of 19 18- 1920 and the establishment of the Soviet Union of 1922. Magnificent Winter Palace According to the official propaganda of the former Soviet Union and * * *, the soldiers who succeeded in the uprising on the cruiser Avril shelled the Winter Palace, and there was a fierce armed conflict in the Winter Palace. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, research data showed that there was no armed conflict near the Winter Palace that night. The Winter Palace was guarded by only one women's camp and one juvenile camp, and quickly surrendered under the impact of the crowd. Parry Tsenski, the defense chief of the Winter Palace, personally opened the door of the Winter Palace and took them to the meeting place of temporary ministers. Avril Lavigne Cruiser is being overhauled, with no load and no personnel. Belyshev, the temporarily appointed political commissar of Aphrodite, fired only a few blanks (no warheads) at the Winter Palace. On the night of the uprising, the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee issued the Notice on Temporary Overthrowing, saying that the uprising "won without shedding a drop of blood".