Do you want to have a brother, even if you have nothing, he will never leave, and share joys and sorrows with you for brotherhood?
The troubled times at the end of the Han Dynasty were full of tactics and wars. Relatives would turn against each other and allies would betray each other. How precious it is to meet such a loyal hero. When it comes to loyalty, how can you not mention Guan Yu, the first military commander of Shu Han and the former Guan Yu of America? His heroic deeds have long been well known, such as warm wine beating Hua Xiong, Three Kingdoms beating Lu Bu, Yan Liang beating Wen Chou, going through five customs and beheading six generals, scraping the bones to cure poison and setting Cao Cao free, all of which are classic pictures in the hearts of fans of the Three Kingdoms. However, some of these stories come from romance novels. In historical records, a real Guan Yu may not be as dramatic as the ups and downs, but it has given us a more lasting touch.
I met you at a young age, if I were a brother.
Guan Yu, a long-lived cloud, is a good man in Hedong. For some unknown reason, Guan Yu changed his name and surname, fled to another country and wandered to Zhuo Jun. When the yellow turban insurrectionary army rebelled, the heroes here were recruiting and organizing insurgents to quell the chaos. Guan Yu found that although Liu Bei, the leader of the rebel army, was poor, he was open-minded and indifferent. He likes to make friends with heroes, and local heroes compete to join in. There is a mulberry tree next to Liu Bei's house, with a 50-foot-high hood, which is not like a vulgar thing. The local people say that the Liu family will be a noble person.
At the same time, Guan Yu met a young hero named Zhang Fei, and they joined Liu Bei's rebel army together. Liu, Guan and Zhang, the most famous brothers of Shu and Han, first met in troubled times. That year, Liu Bei was only twenty-four years old, and Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were even younger. However, they are all outstanding in appearance and heroic. They all have the passion and ideal of serving the country and the great ambition of making contributions. As a result of fate, the three naturally have the feeling of meeting each other and appreciating each other.
The experience of sharing weal and woe, life and death and * * * in war can always bring people closer quickly. In the process of putting down the rebellion, Liu, Guan and Zhang Yilu played an important role in killing the enemy. In the second year of Chuping (19 1), Liu Bei obtained the plain facies, and Guan and Zhang were appointed as other divisions under his command, each with an army. They are not only the relationship between master and subordinate, but also a friendship beyond brotherhood. In private, they share a bed, if they are brothers; In public, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei stood beside Liu Bei one by one, guarding his safety.
At the beginning of the history of the Three Kingdoms, the foundation and strength of Shu was the weakest. Liu Bei almost started from scratch, repeatedly attached to warlords, and fled after defeat, but his rise was also the most inspiring. Liu Bei can expand his territory step by step and call himself king. In addition to his great talent and indomitable will, he can't do without the follow-up of heroes such as Switch and Zhang.
Guan Yu's early exploits did not leave any records in the history books, but his reputation of being invincible as a god spread among princes of all walks of life. If you want to compare Guan Yu's combat capability with a historical figure, it must be Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu and Han Dynasties. Coincidentally, their names are so similar. Xiang Yu once said that he would learn the art of "ten thousand enemies", and in the biography of Guan Yu, the author Chen Shou also praised Guan Yu as "ten thousand enemies, the tiger minister in the world".
Important figures of Wei and Wu also spoke highly of Guan Yu's combat capability. For example, Guo Jia, Cheng Yu, Fu Gan and others of Wei think that Guan Yu is brave and good at fighting and deserves the title of "ten thousand enemies"; From Zhou Yu, Lu Xun and others, Wu also thought Guan Yu was a general of bears and tigers and a hero.
Five years after Jian 'an (200 years), Liu Bei met a turning point in his entrepreneurial career. Because of the "imperial decree", Cao Cao personally surrendered Liu Bei, but Liu Bei was defeated and fled to Yuan Shao for refuge, and Guan Yu was captured by Cao Cao. It was out of love for talents that Cao Cao was very kind to Guan Yu and tried his best to make him submit to himself. This is probably the first loyalty test that fate gave Guan Yu.
I miss the old grace, go to Cao and pay Liu back.
Since joining the army, Guan Yu and Liu Bei have worked hard together for sixteen years. After 16 years of tempering, Guan Yu has grown from a teenager who has just set foot in the rivers and lakes to a battle-hardened general. That slightly childish face has also been carved by the wind knife and frost sword to be more majestic and awe-inspiring I don't know when he grew a long beard and was always proud of his beautiful beard. But what about their common cause? /kloc-for 0/6 years, I didn't build an inch of work or get an inch of land. In the end, the brothers were separated, and life and death were unpredictable.
Now there is only a sigh. Although the world is big, the three brothers have no place to stand. I don't know where Liu Bei and Zhang Fei are, and I don't know that I am trapped in Cao Ying. How can I get out? Under normal circumstances, with Guan Yu's military courage, he can easily escape even if he is heavily guarded. However, he is born with a deep sense of loyalty, and he will repay the kindness. If Cao Cao was forced by force and power, it was nothing, but he just rewarded himself with a generous reward and paid homage to the generals, which made him unable to leave.
"Qingqing leisurely from jumping in my heart. But for the sake of the monarch, I have thought it over so far. "Wearing a blue wit makes people yearn for it; It is because of you that I have been chanting deeply to this day. I wonder if Cao Cao will think of the missed Guan Yunchang when he writes this poem, which is eager for talents and achievements. Cao Cao and Liu Bei are both masters who are good at recruiting talents. Cao Cao saw that Guan Yu was a hero. How could he not be interested in attracting him? Besides, the loyalty of Liu, Guan and Zhang, who are immortal, can't be missed. Fame, power, treasure, everything that the world pursues, Cao Cao gave it, but Guan Yu first suffered from Liu Zhi, and will never be shaken by the temporary favor.
However, a thousand dollars is easy to sell, but it is hard to repay your kindness. Cao Cao's mind and tolerance also touched Guan Yu. When Cao Cao sent general Zhang Liao to test Guan Yu's mind, Guan Yu sighed and replied, "I know that Cao Gong treated me well, but I have always owed a lot to General Liu and vowed to share my life with him. I can never betray him. " He added, "I won't stay here for long in the end. I will leave when I repay Tsao Gong's merits."
Zhang Liao and Guan Yu are good friends. After listening to his words, they are in a dilemma. If the truth is true, he is worried that Cao Cao will kill him; If you don't tell the truth, it's a violation of things. "Tsao, is your father; Guan Yu is a brother. " He finally decided to put the righteousness of the monarch and the minister first and tell Cao Cao truthfully. Hearing this, Cao Cao sincerely praised the famous enemy: "You can be called a righteous man on earth because you don't forget your roots."
Guan Yu soon waited for the opportunity to repay Cao Cao. At that time, Yuan Shaopa, the northern overlord, sent general Yan Liang to besiege Dongfu in Baima. Cao Cao immediately sent Zhang Liao and Guan Yu to lead the troops. When the two armies scuffled, Guan Yu immediately saw it. In the distance, in the enemy's heavily guarded, a tall and gorgeous general stands out. That's Yan Liang's chariot. After finding the target, Guan Yu kowtowed to him and went straight to Yan Liang. The officers and men of Yuan Shao's army had no time to resist the sudden attack of Guan Yu riding on horseback. On the contrary, they are like waves and waves, and he has opened a path for them. Guan Yu rushed to Yan Liang in an instant, with a knife in his hand, and was stabbed by lightning and wind and thunder.
Yan Liang didn't expect Guan Yu to be so brave that he was killed off guard. Guan Yu stabbed him under the horse before he could show his weapon. Yan Liang, a general who won the honor of the three armed forces under Yuan Shao's account, was surrendered by Guan Yu, and there was no strength to fight back. Guan Yu did not continue to fight. After dismounting, he swung a knife and cut it off, took Yan Liang's head, raised his knife and mounted the horse. He galloped his horse out of the enemy line. Cao Jun's morale was high, and he took advantage of the situation to attack, while Yuan Jun was beaten out of the water.
Guan Yu made great contributions and solved the siege of the white horse, but Cao Cao had mixed feelings. Knowing that Guan Yu was bound to leave after repaying his kindness, he doubled the reward and tried his best to keep him. Guan Yu returned all his belongings. Two months later, he should have got the exact news from Liu Bei, so he left Cao Ying and ran to Yuan Shao camp where Liu Bei sent him. Guan Yu killed Yan Liang and became an enemy of Yuan Jun, regardless of personal safety. Guan Yu came for loyalty and has put his life and death at risk.
On Cao Cao's side, some soldiers offered to recover Guan Yu. Cao Cao stopped them and said, "Everyone has his own master, so there is no need to chase." Although full of regrets, Cao Cao respected Guan Yu's choice and fulfilled his precious loyalty. Guan Yu killed the enemy and made contributions to Cao; Keeping books and sealing gold, and searching for Liu thousands of miles away, its loyalty and courage are all examples of peerless escape and shock at any time.
Defend Jingzhou and be loyal.
Next, the three regimes fought fiercely for Jingzhou. Guan Yu has been following Liu Bei, cooperating with Sun Liu's combined military strategy, advancing, attacking, retreating and defending, perfectly interpreting the general style, and finally helping Liu Bei hold half of Jingzhou.
After Battle of Red Cliffs, Jingzhou was divided into three parts: Cao Cao controlled the three northern counties, and the general Cao Ren guarded Jiangling, the southern county; Zhou Yu, the commander-in-chief of Dongwu School, confronted him head-on. After a year of hard work, he finally captured Nanjun Town and some Jiangxia. Liu Bei found another way and went south to collect and surrender the four counties in Jingnan. Later, Wu Dong sold Nanjun to Liu Bei in the name of "borrowing Jingzhou" to ease the military pressure. As a result, Jingzhou became a confrontation pattern of Cao Liu, one south and one north.
During this period, Guan Yu led hundreds of warships to help Liu Bei remove Sun's trap. Leading alone to undertake the task of "absolutely blocking the north road", effectively deterring the reinforcements who went south to help Coss; Later, he was stationed in Jiangbei to repair Jiangling City. Until the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), Liu Bei entered Shu, and Guan Yu and Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun * * * kept Jingzhou. Three years later, Pang Tong, a military strategist around Liu Bei, died halfway, Zhuge Liang and others were ordered to go to Sichuan to help, and Guan Yu shouldered the heavy responsibility of guarding five counties in Jingzhou.
Jingzhou in ancient times was a place of communication, four wars and a battleground for the three countries. Since defending Jingzhou is of great significance, the candidate for the garrison commander must be a top figure who is loyal, capable of unifying the army and has personal prestige. For Liu Bei, Guan Yu was definitely a unique candidate when Zhuge Liang entered Shu. Moreover, in the eyes of Wei and Wu, the two enemy countries, "Shu is small, but its famous name is only a dime", "It has always been based in Jingzhou, so it can be said that Guan Yu's presence in Jingzhou has really played an important role in stabilizing the rear, winning over the people and shaking the people's hearts."
On the other hand, Jingzhou boats and horses are convenient, extending in all directions, and there are not many checkpoints suitable for one person to guard. Therefore, defending Jingzhou needs enough troops as the backing. The reality is that Liu Bei's strength is weak among the three countries, but he owns more than half of Jingzhou in advance. Here, they not only have to confront the powerful Cao Jun head-on, but also always guard against the possible attack of Soochow at any time. So Guan Yu stayed in Jingzhou, seemingly in a high position, but actually took over an extremely difficult task from Liu Bei.
Look at Guan Yu, who is alone in Jingzhou, and seize the throat of the Central Plains, which has also become the strength of various governors. For example, Sun Quan sent messengers to visit Guan Yu, hoping to marry his children and in-laws. And Liu Beiyuan is in Yizhou, and Guan Yu is alone in Jingzhou, with tens of thousands of water troops in his hands. He also has the opportunity to be a land king and even become another independent warlord outside the power of the Three Kingdoms. However, in the face of the temptation of power from all sides, Guan Yu remained loyal to Liu Bei, loyal to the choice of morality and conscience, and did not do anything that might make people suspicious. He did not hesitate to offend and insult Sun Quan, and refused this marriage stiffly.
In the 20th year of Jian 'an (2 15), Liu Bei took Yizhou, and Sun Quan sent Lu Su to take it back to Jingzhou. Guan Yu and Lu Su failed to fight, and confronted Chen Bing across the river. Sun Quan sent Monroe, Lu Su, Gan Ning and others to the border of Jingzhou. Guan Yu put the overall situation first, but set up camp instead of escalating the war. Because Cao Cao in the north is the biggest enemy of Liu Bei and Sun Quan, Liu Bei decided to give in and divide the south of Jingzhou equally with Sun Quan, taking Xiangshui as the boundary. After that, only three counties in Jingzhou were under the jurisdiction of Guan Yu.
After that, Sun Quan went north with all his heart and mobilized the main army to attack Xuzhou, but he was defeated in Hefei. During this period, Guan Yu let bygones be bygones, abided by the Covenant of Xiang Shui, and did not take advantage of the emptiness of Soochow to send troops to recapture Jingzhou's lost territory. Doing something and not doing something is the general style.
The seventh army was flooded, which made China win a great victory.
In the 19th year of Jian 'an (2 14), Liu Bei persuaded Liu Zhang to take charge of Yizhou animal husbandry. In twenty-four years (2 19), he defeated Cao Cao's Hanzhong again and became the "King of Hanzhong". From then on, the Shu-Han regime entered the military heyday, and Liu Bei sat in dozens of counties, spanning Jing and Yi. His troops are like clouds, as many as two hundred thousand horses. At that time, Zhuge Liang's blueprint for Liu Bei was gradually being realized, and the dream of unifying the world seemed to be getting closer and closer.
Zhuge Liang's idea is that the world has changed. Liu Bei will send a general to lead Jingzhou's army to the Central Plains, while Liu Bei will personally lead Yizhou's army to attack from Qinchuan, and Shu Han will dominate and even revive the Han Dynasty. At this time, Liu Bei had captured Hanzhong in the north, and Guan Yu took advantage of the situation and made a great determination to be a general who sent troops from Jingzhou to explore Xiangfan in the north.
Fancheng and Xiangyang are important towns in Jingzhou, with Coss and Lu Chang as commanders, Yu Jin, Pound, Man Chong, Huang Xu and other famous soldiers, and Cao Cao's special seven armies of 30,000 people as support. Guan Yu's side, in order to guard against Wu Dong, the Northern Expedition only transferred troops from Jingzhou. Cao Jun formed a strong general lineup only because he resisted Guan Yu, a warrior known as "ten thousand enemies". This arrangement is destined to make Guan Yu the most spectacular battlefield and the most brilliant record in his life.
The war was launched after Guan Yu and Coss confronted each other for more than a year. In the twenty-third year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao wanted to conquer Guan Yu and sent Cao Rentun to Fancheng. After Cao Wei rebelled twice, Guan Yu seized the best opportunity and stormed Coss the next year. It was July and August in summer, and several days of heavy rain caused the Hanshui River to skyrocket, with a height of five or six feet. All the reinforcements of the Seventh Army led by Yu Jin were flooded, but they collapsed without fighting and suffered great losses. Guan Yu took advantage of the favorable weather and place, led the water army to attack with all his strength, and soon achieved the record of capturing the Forbidden City, capturing Pound and reducing 30,000 troops.
Then, Guan Yu turned to besiege Fancheng guarded by Coss. At that time, the distance between the city walls was flooded, only a few feet; The flood that rushed into the city raged and collapsed everywhere, and the soldiers and civilians in the city were terrified. Coss had to hold the determination to die for his country and vowed to fight to the death for this lonely city with the soldiers. On Guan Yu's side, there is room for an adventurous encirclement of Xiangyang. So Jingzhou secretariat and Nanxiang satrap heard the news and surrendered; Local outlaws also rose up in succession, taking refuge in Guan Yu and expanding their wings. According to historical records, Guan Yu became famous at this time, "which shocked China greatly."
Guan Yu's army front has reached Xu, the base camp of Cao Wei, which makes Cao Cao, the overlord of the Central Plains, terrified and even wants to move the capital to avoid its edge. At this time, some counsellors suggested cooperating with Sun Quan, and Soochow came forward to Guan Yu in backstab to solve the worries of many capitals. As a result, the situation in the three countries once became an alliance between Cao and Sun. Dongwu sent Lu Meng and Lu Xun to attack the public security and Jiangling, and the generals guarding the city gave up without fighting because of their feud with Guan Yu. In the second half of the war, Guan Yu's situation took a turn for the worse, which became a turning point in his fate.
The enemy generals withdrew their troops in succession, and their defenders fled when they got cold feet. Under the double pressure from inside and outside, Guan Yu's camp was in a state of chaos and was forced to defeat Maicheng, and was finally captured and killed. A generation of China God of War once bloomed the most dazzling star, but the light was fleeting, which made people lament. To paraphrase Xiang Yu's last words, "It's not a crime to kill me and use troops." Judging from the progress of the war, Guan Yu's success has God-helped factors; Then his failure is probably an act of god.
After Guan Yu's death, Sun Quan gave his head to Cao Cao, and Cao Cao buried him in Luoyang with a grand official ceremony. Sun Quan also buried Guan Yu's body with an official ceremony. Two men, extend the highest courtesy to this former enemy. Liu Bei, the ancestor of Shu and Han Dynasties, even thought that Guan Yu had avenged himself, personally conquered Dongwu and recaptured Jingzhou, which opened a series of important stories in the last years of the Three Kingdoms. Decades later, when the late ruler Liu Chan mourned several old heroes, he posthumously presented Guan Yu as "a strong and great man". The folk call Guan Yu "a man's head rests in Luoyang, and his soul returns to his hometown." His words are desolate and tragic, and his grief is infinite. People worship his martial arts, his benevolence and righteousness, and even worship him as a "warrior saint."
Guan Yu's ending is regrettable, but we don't have to judge heroes by success or failure. Guan Yu relied on his own efforts to attack Xiangfan and confront the two major enemy countries. Because Cao Cao deliberately moved the capital to avoid it, and because Sun Quan changed his diplomatic strategy, several famous soldiers were defeated by him, and heroes from all over the world rushed to join. Guan Yu's name of "a sublime China" is well deserved, even though he was the first military commander in the Three Kingdoms period. More importantly, Guan Yu's Northern Expedition was an action for Liu Bei's imperial career and the ideal of reviving the Han Dynasty, and it was another interpretation of his loyalty and no regrets.
References:
History of Three Kingdoms