1, duplicate pair
"Reduplication" refers to a rhetorical method in which sentences (including single sentences and clauses) are repeatedly used and the same words are quoted in pairs. Because irregular homonym oppositions are strictly prohibited in couplets, in rare cases, there are only functional words such as "zhi", "qi" and "er" between upper and lower couplets. It is often used for sentence self-alignment, and the self-alignment of repeated words is always overlapping pairs. By using rhetorical devices of reduplication, important words and their important things or concepts appear repeatedly, which can achieve the effect of expression or echo, and even have the effect of sighing, which is full of the rhythmic beauty of couplets.
Title: Yuefei Temple Tomb Union in Hangzhou, Zhejiang;
There is a Han, a Song, and an immortal breeze.
Genius is peerless, injustice is peerless, and the stars are hanging high. (Yu Changlin)
The first part: There is a Han: it refers to Guan Yu, the general of Shu and Han in the Three Kingdoms. There is a Song poet: Yue Fei, a guide to Song Kangjin. Breeze: a clean and upright wind festival. A man of noble character. Guan Yue: A pun meant Guan Shan, Guan Yu and Yue Fei. And-* * * save. The first alliance between Guan Yu and Yue Fei highlighted their loyalty and former character in America.
Bottom line: unparalleled: the crown of unprecedented and contemporary significance. Yi Bo: A firm spirit.
The bottom line points out that killing the wizard Yue Fei is a strange injustice, and Yue Fei will be as high as the sun, moon and stars.
Two "you" words are connected together, and two "odd" words are connected together, which is called the first stack; Just fold a word and weigh it.
The word "one person" and the next word "peerless" appear repeatedly, which is called tail overlap; Two words are folded in half, which is called two folds.
2. Embedding word pairs
? Embedding couplets refers to embedding several specific words (such as names and places) in the same position of the upper and lower couplets, which can change the meaning and give people a new artistic enjoyment. When inserting words into sentences, we should meet the basic requirements of the same sentence pattern, equal number of words, harmonious rhythm, neat antithesis and relative meaning. In other words, a work with embedded characters must be a complete couplet in form.
Zhejiang Hangzhou Quyuan Alliance:?
My road twists and turns through a hidden valley,
Gardens have no vulgar feeling. (Wang Kaiyun)
My road starts from the "Zen forest behind the broken mountain temple" often built by poets in the Tang Dynasty, and passes through a sheltered valley.
The original poem is:
On a pure morning, near the ancient temple, the early sunshine points to the treetops.
A winding path leads to a hidden place, and the Buddhist temple is surrounded by branches and flowers.
This poem describes the Buddhist temple, expressing the author's seclusion of forgetting the secular world and expressing his feelings for mountains and rivers. ?
In the early morning, the poet climbed the mountain and entered the temple. The rising sun shone in the Woods on the mountain. The poet crossed the bamboo path in the temple and came to the depths of the backyard. He found that the meditation room for chanting and worshipping Buddha was deep in the flowers and trees in the backyard. Such a quiet and wonderful environment makes the poet amazed, intoxicated and ecstatic.
Gardens without vulgarity: Gardens are elegant, and vulgarity-secularity refers to those patterns that are not high but not elegant. Vulgarity: there is no pattern that is not noble and elegant. This couplet is embedded with the word "Qu Yuan".
"Embedding characters" refers to embedding names, places, branches, things and so on. In some positions of the upper and lower couplet, a new word is formed respectively, which will produce new semantics or interest. Different from a poem embedded in a bell, two words with unrelated meanings (one is flat and the other is flat) are embedded in the upper and lower couplets respectively, and the titles are different in different positions (it is most typical for a poem to be sung seven times).
Precautions for word embedding:
A, the word order cannot be reversed, such as Qu Yuan-Yuanqu, charity-kindness.
B, inlay arrangement or head or tail relative, in line with the level (poetry clock has another inlay).
C, artistic conception and embedded nouns should be coordinated to avoid wedging.
3. Title pair
? It means that a word in a couplet is connected with the same word to enhance the sense of rhythm and interest.
Title: Couplet of Zhao Si Pavilion in Hangzhou, Zhejiang:
There are feelings all around, and mountains are surrounded by water.
Heart to heart, person to person/person to person. (Ye Zheng)
This couplet is connected with the word "mountain" and the word "land". At the same time, "water supports mountains" and "mountains support water" constitute palindromes, and "people pass the land" and "people pass the land" also constitute palindromes.
? It should be noted that the difference between the title pair and the reduplicated word pair (also called reduplicated word pair) is that the title rhetoric method closely condenses two clauses into one sentence, and when reading, it is necessary to pause between the two words and hug the mountain around the water; You can't read the word "mountain" as a reduplication. Face to face, face to face, heart to heart, are all overlapping words, which should be done in one go and not broken.
4. Sorry
? Borrowed pairs are a kind of duality in rhetoric, also called false pairs. It achieves the goal of neat confrontation by borrowing meaning or sound. A word has more than two meanings. The poet uses the first meaning in his poems, but at the same time borrows its second meaning or third meaning to oppose another word. There are two kinds of borrowing: borrowing sound and borrowing meaning.
Borrowing meaning is to use the ambiguity of a word to form a confrontation with the corresponding word through a certain meaning of a word, but it is not this meaning but another meaning used in poetry.
Alcohol debt is common,
Life is seventy years old. (Du Fu's Qujiang II)
The word "ordinary" has many meanings, one is "ordinary" and the other is "eight-foot search, double search is ordinary". The former is a general adverb and the latter is a quantifier. Here the numeral "seventy" uses its original quantitative meaning, while the poem uses its adverbial meaning. This is "borrowing meaning".
Borrowing sound is to use the homophonic relationship between words to express the second word with one word.
But the medicine of Chunhong came,
All day long, the rules are ringing.
With red (harmonious purple).
Throwing for 60 years,
The mountain city moved eight times.
Move in ten pairs (harmonious thousand).
5, homophonic pair
? Homophonic couplets are some inappropriate words in couplets. Using the homonym relationship between language and words, a sentence involves two things, many things or two kinds of content, and expresses the author's meaning in a pun.
Lotus seeds are bitter in heart, (unfortunately)
Pears are sour in the abdomen. (Parting) —— Jin Shengtan's The Last Thing
"lotus-pity" and "pear-separation"
Jin Shengtan was sentenced to death by the court because he offended the emperor and was involved in the case of "Crying Temple against Grain". Seeing that the execution time is coming, Jin Shengtan's two sons, Li and Lian Zi (nickname), are even more sad when they look at their loving father who is about to leave forever, and they burst into tears. Although Jin Shengtan was sad, he took his time and thought faster. To comfort his son, he said calmly, "What's the use of crying? Come, I'll make you a couplet. " So he sang couplets-lotus seeds are bitter in heart. My son knelt on the ground and cried his throat dry, and his intestines were about to crack, so he couldn't bear to write couplets. He thought for a moment and said, "get up, don't cry, I'll make you a couplet." Then read the next couplet-pear's stomachache. The audience was very moved and sad.
The word "Lian" and "Xi" in the first pair of couplets are homophonic, indicating that I am deeply sorry to see my son's grief; The homonym of "pear" and "Li" in the second couplet means that I am about to leave my son, and my heart is bitter. "lotus-pity" and "pear-separation"
Jin Shengtan, the author, implicitly expressed the bitterness and bitterness of separation from his son by using the homophonic relationship between "lotus" and "pity" and "pear" and "separation".
Two boats compete, rowing is not as fast as sailing;
A hundred schools of thought contend, and the flute is more difficult to clear than the flute. Zhu Yunming talks about accusations: Chen Qia and his son's response when they were eight years old.
It is said that when Chen Qia was eight years old, he once walked along the river with his father and saw two boats developing at the same time, one rowing and the other sailing. The sailboat soon sailed in front of the rowing boat. Chen's father was greatly inspired by this scene and made a couplet: "Two ships are parallel, and the speed of sailing is not as fast as that of sailing." In a hurry, it is difficult for Chen Qia to be right. At this time, there happened to be a shepherd boy playing the flute in the distance (shepherd boys usually play the flute), and Xiao Sheng was moving. Chen Qia, who is extremely clever, made a couplet: "Eight tones are played together, and the flute is harder to clear than the flute." Chen Qia's father praised his son with satisfaction and said, "This boy is really good!"
This couplet contains four historical figures: Su Su, Fan Kuai, Fan Kuai, Di Qing, Di Qing, Xiao He and Xiao He.
Lu Su was a great general of Wu in the Three Kingdoms period. In his early years, Lu Su became the mayor of Dongcheng under Yuan Shu, and was recommended by Zhou Yu to become Sun Quan's staff. He planned a strategic plan for Sun Quan's achievements in imperial industry very early, which was highly valued by Sun Quan. Before the Chibi War, Lu Su played an extremely important role in uniting Liu Bei and persuading Sun Quan to resist Cao, and later helped Zhou Yu win the victory in Battle of Red Cliffs.
Fan Kuai: The founding father of the Western Han Dynasty, a general, left prime minister and a famous military commander. Liu Bang was the first confidant of Han Gaozu, the founding emperor of Dahan, and the second valiant soldier after Xiang Yu in Chu and Han Dynasties. He is a famous Dahan, accustomed to war, intelligent and brave, superb martial arts, brave and invincible. Seal the marquis of Wuyang and bury the marquis of Wuhou.
Di Qing: General Song. He was seriously injured in many wars, but "when he heard Kou, he stood up and rushed ahead." In the Song and Xia Wars, he made many meritorious military achievements and became famous.
Xiao He: Prime Minister of Hanwang and Liu Bang.
There is a famous couplet story. Ming Dynasty admired Cheng's talent and wanted to be a son-in-law, so he improvised a sentence to test his talent: What made him a lotus root?
This sentence is in line with reality-there are lotus roots in the lotus; The homonym "Why did you accidentally get it" is also very clever. Chenglian: There are apricots (fortunately) but no plums (media).
This sentence also implicitly answers Li Xian's question in a homophonic way: Fortunately, I don't need a matchmaker's introduction, and I am willing to be a son-in-law. Careful readers will find that the couplets "Lotus" and "Lotus" above are cursive characters, and the couplets "Apricot" and "Plum" below are characters beside the wooden characters. Homonyms with different meanings make couplets interesting.
6. Lian Mian is right
? In Chinese, there is a word called Lian Mian Ci. Two syllables are linked together to form a word with the same meaning and cannot be separated. It has two words and only one morpheme.
Disyllabic words include (1) disyllables with the same initials. Such as "generosity". (2) The vowels of the two syllables are the same. Such as "gentle and graceful". (3) Non-disyllabic words do not rhyme, such as "sister-in-law, agate". In couplets, conjunctions must correspond to conjunctions, not to other parts of speech.
Title: Ancient Jade Garden in Yangon, Myanmar:?
Pastry sticks to the sky, and the ethereal balcony opens a picture album;
Light gulls are idle and proud of me, and the smoke and water are full. (Qiu Yuyuan)
Gudao Garden: In Yangon, Myanmar. Sticking to the sky: Tang Hanyu's "A Word in Bird": "The cave is full of sweat, and there is no wall to stick to the sky." Sticky, things stick to each other. It means "Liantian" here. Vague: lofty and vague appearance. Picture book: a model of painting. Song Luyou's poem "Working in the Boat": "Every village has picture books and poems everywhere." Vast: vast and boundless. Zizania latifolia: Zizania latifolia and cattail. This refers to the isolated island garden. The couplets depict the beautiful scenery of the desert island garden, highlight the picturesque scenery of Qingyuan, and express the feelings of happiness.
Lian Mian words cannot be used separately. Such as snow, singing euphemistically. Lian Mian's words sound like mandarin ducks, exquisite and exquisite; Rhyme is as brilliant and ethereal; Non-disyllabic rhymes, such as grapes and glass, and some also belong to the same radical, such as carefree and majestic. In the creation of couplets, Lian Mian's ci must be opposite to Lian Mian's ci, and it is better to have the same part of speech, but different parts of speech are also allowed. The second option is continuous juxtaposition, such as vicissitudes of life to wind and rain.
Step 7 pair up with each other
? Pairing refers to the format in which two words of the same kind are used together in a sentence and then face each other.
Bailudong College Alliance:
The eyes of the sun and the moon,
Poetry and books are sages. (Zhu)
Bailudong Academy is located at the foot of Wulong Peak in Lushan Mountain, Jiangxi Province, where Zhu gives lectures.
The first part takes the sun and the moon as metaphors, and compares the blazing sun and the white and bright moon to the two bright eyes of heaven and earth, always watching people's words and deeds. Therefore, be aboveboard.
The sages referred to in the second couplet refer to people with high moral character, and classics and poems are the crystallization of sages' wisdom. Couplets warn people that only by reading ten thousand volumes of poems can we understand the hearts of sages, purify people's hearts and reach the realm expected by sages.
Heaven and earth are illuminated by the sun and the moon, and people are sanctified by reading. Heaven = = earth poetry = = book heaven = = moon saint = = virtuous pairs of single words are put together, which is called mutual pair in the sentence. To put it bluntly, it is a coordinate phrase.
8. Share pairing
"Cross-stock" means that two pairs of words in the upper and lower couplets are staggered and paired in different grammatical positions. Cross collocation, deliberately avoid neat, balanced and similar glyphs, so that the upper and lower conjunctions are different, the forms are uneven, and the beautiful words are lively and changeable.
The first couplet of the poem Late Spring;
In spring, leaves are thick and flowers are few.
Chata drinks too much and can't sleep. (Wang Anshi)
Several sentences in Du Ye Banquet;
Six pictures of skirt dragging Xiangjiang river water,
A cloud in Wushan. (Li Qunyu)
Heaven and earth are boundless,
Kyushu has Sun Long and the moon.
Chihuahuas reflect sunlight in spring,
Singing in the window in autumn night. Li Bai's Xiegong Pavilion
Endure to teach cream and pile up into temples.
It's not autumn that is generally chilling (village people)
The stock exchange pair looks fancy, but in fact it's just a last resort. If possible, try not to hand in stocks! For example:
Endure to teach cream and pile up into temples,
Don't let autumn chill your heart.
9. Transfer the product to a group of two.
? Empathy is a rhetorical device. When describing sentences, change the original part of speech of words, such as changing adjectives or nouns into verbs to use. Transforming products is one of the important means to realize the artistry of ordinary characters.
Simply put, it is the flexible use of parts of speech. Spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan, and the word "green" is a successful example of transferring commodity rhetoric. "Green" was originally used to describe color, and the part of speech was an adjective, which was changed into a verb in the poem. It is said that when Wang Anshi wrote this poem at that time, he used more than a dozen verbs with common meanings, such as "Guo", "Jin" and "Man". Finally, he had an epiphany and thought of the word "green", which had a remarkable effect and became the swan song of the ages.
Take off your clothes and push me.
Spring breeze, summer rain and rain. Nominal verb
Take off your clothes: Take off your clothes. Clothes (y) Me: Give it to me. Push: let. Pushing food: pushing food. Eat me: Give it to me. Part 1: Take off clothes for others to wear. Bottom line: Let others eat what they are eating. Describe a warm concern for people.
Behind a couplet, spring breeze: warm spring breeze. Feng Ren: Blow. The warm spring breeze blows people. Metaphor is to teach and help people in time. Xia Yu: Xia Yu. Rainy people: it rains, and the summer rain falls on people, which is a metaphor for helping and educating people in time.
The waterwheel stops with the vehicle;
Fan, fan, wind, fan, fan, wind.
Tang Bohu and Zhu Zhishan went to the countryside on business and saw the villagers carrying water. I would like to do the opposite: the waterwheel boils water, the water follows the car, and the car stops water. Tang dui said: fan fan wind, wind fan, fan fan. I wish the couple in the Tang Dynasty are really ingenious and will speak out for a while.
The waterwheel will drive the water, and the water will follow the car and the car will stop supplying water;
Fan fan wind, wind leaves fan, fan is born.
In the above example, blue fonts are nouns and verbs.
The waves beat against the boat and the boat people stayed in the water;
There are houses all around the mountain, and hermits live in the mountain. The revelation of temperament six fish 3
Boat people and hermits should be regarded as the two realms of life.
Horror (beating the boat and making waves)-very shocking. Boatman: Boatman. Water cabin: perched in the water, boatman. Spend the night on a boat or by the water. The story behind this story is that boatmen forge ahead in the waves, turning the rolling waves into inexhaustible power, and fishing songs appear and go home with full load.
Happiness (because there are mountains around the house) makes people feel at ease about their situation without any worries. A hermit must be a learned and noble immortal. Mountain residence: the residence of a hermit. Let's look at the relationship between the upper and lower parts: first, the boatman is brave and fearless. Only by perseverance and perseverance can we overcome difficulties and obstacles and have the greatness and greatness of a hermit.
Make it scary and interesting. Terrible, causative use of adjectives. Music, optimism, causative usage of adjectives.
Adjectives and nouns can be used flexibly as verbs, one is called causative usage and the other is called conative usage.
Causation: indicates that the predicate verb has the meaning of "how to make the object". It uses verb-object structure to express the content of imperative sentences. Faith: What do you think ...? I am quite relaxed (I think it is very simple).
Causative usage and intentional usage are common grammatical phenomena in classical Chinese, and there are many contents. Because of time, I won't talk about it here for the time being, and then I will analyze it in detail when I encounter specific examples in the future.
10, when the sentence is correct
? "Dang sentence pair", also called self-pair, is a common dual form, which is more common in couplets. As the name implies, it is self-relative in one sentence. This phenomenon is most common in long couplets.
The historic site, with its lakes and mountains, has enjoyed a good reputation for many years. The most unforgettable thing is Bai Juyi's poems and Su Gong's verdict.
Win the fragrance, come to visit the blessed land, don't waste ten miles, Guizi Sanqiu.
-Hangzhou Lingyin Temple Yong
(Bai Fu Liu, Su Gong sentenced; Shili Lotus, Sanqiu Guizi. ) Is it relatively up and down? Because self-alignment is the relative of two units, regardless of the relative of single words in the upper and lower sentences, use the guiding word: the most unforgettable, not empty, just do it.
Note: when a sentence pair is two opposite sentences, it is often used for multi-clause conjunctions; Pairing is a pair of synonyms and antonyms, which can be used in short sentences.
To annotate ...
(1) Bai Fu Liu Shi: Bai Fu, that is, Bai Juyi (772-846), a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. Letian, a native of Taiyuan, Shanxi, later moved to Xiapi (now the northeast of Weinan, Shaanxi). Zhenyuan was a scholar, awarded the secretary of the provincial school book lang, served as a doctor of Zuo Shiyi and Zuo Zanshan, and served as a prince of Shaofu in his later years, so he was called Bai Fu. Bai Fu left poems, which means that when Bai Juyi was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou in the early years of Changqing, he appreciated the scenery of Lingyin Temple very much and often sang with Taoist Zen master, leaving many poems.
(2) Su Gong's judgment: Su Gong, namely Su Shi (1037-11kloc-0/), was a famous writer and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. Confucius said the war, Meishan (now Sichuan) people. Jia You, a scholar, experienced Zongshen and Zhezong, and was a bachelor of Hanlin and a minister of rites. He is one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Judge, judge and deal with. X: Wood chips used for writing in ancient times. Later generations called official documents official documents. When Su Shi was a general in Hangzhou, he often handled official duties in Lingyin Temple and Lengquan.
(3) Shili Lotus, Sanqiu Guizi: It is the inverted sentence of "Sanqiu Guizi, Shili Lotus" in Liu Yong's "Looking at the Tide" in the Song Dynasty: "Heavy lakes overlap each other (Y m 4 n) and Sanqiu Guizi, Shili Lotus". Cinnamon, namely osmanthus fragrans. Sanqiu refers to autumn and September in the lunar calendar. Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting: "The preface goes to Sanqiu in September."
(4) Jiang Yong: former curator of Shanghai Literature and History Museum. He wrote this couplet when he visited Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou.
(5) Lingyin Temple: Located at the foot of Lingyin Mountain in the northwest of West Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, it was built in the first year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (326) and rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty. It was renamed Yunlin Temple in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. 1958 Rebuilding the Ursa Major Hall. In front of the temple, there are scenic spots such as Feilai Peak, Cold Spring and Longhong Cave, high cliffs and deep caves, and stone carvings of Buddha statues in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, which are tourist attractions of the West Lake.
Appreciate this couplet of scenic spots. Mr. Jiang Yong, the author of couplets, came to the picturesque West Lake in September and visited Lingyin Temple, one of the top ten Zen temples in China. When he saw the ancient temple facing Feilaifeng, backed by the north high rock, the rock stood deep and the scenery was amazing. The Temple of the Heavenly King and the Hall of the Great Hero are resplendent and solemn, with endless tourists and incense. He expressed his feelings with passionate pen and ink, praising the ancient temple for adding color to the lakes and mountains, and praising the literary masters of past dynasties. He is sincerely gratified that he can come to see this Millennium land and make this good marriage. He told people with his own feelings that the Chinese nation is an ancient nation with a long history. It is not only so beautiful, but also outstanding, creating a splendid history and culture. People should not forget the contributions of celebrities like Bai Juyi and Su Shi to the Chinese nation. At the same time, it also warns people not to waste their time and work hard to build a civilized and prosperous motherland in the face of the great rivers and mountains in Sanqiu, Guangxi.
The outstanding feature of this pair of couplets is that they are full of associations, borrowing the past and promoting the present. "Bai Fu's Poem and Su Gong's Judgment (dú)" in "Lian Shou" are two vivid and interesting stories. Here, when Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, was an official in Hangzhou, he often interacted with the Zen master of Lingyin Temple, wrote correct poems and sang peace with each other, leaving many poems, which he called "Bai Fu Liu Shi". Su Shi, a writer, painter and great poet in Song Dynasty, made friends with Fo Yin, a master, and often handled official business in Lingyin Temple, Lengquan and other places, which was known as "Su Gong Judgment". This artful combination of historical stories and ancient temples makes couplets unique, unconventional, interesting and poetic. It not only praised historical sites and magnificent rivers and mountains, but also praised writers of past dynasties who carried forward national culture. Let people read it, the heart is full of ups and downs, full of pride and fascination.
Another feature of this pair of couplets is the flexible use of the artistic techniques of antithetical couplets to describe the scenery of the West Lake. The following couplet "Ten-Li Lotus, Guizi Sanqiu" is an inverted sentence of "Sanqiu Guizi, Ten-Li Lotus" in Liu Yong's "Looking at the Tide of the Sea" in the Song Dynasty. Although the couplets don't directly describe the scenery of the West Lake, the moving scene of the lotus lake in ten miles and the sweet-scented osmanthus everywhere in September is displayed in front of people, leading people into a picturesque fairyland, which makes people feel relaxed and forget all the insults. In addition, the lotus leaves the mud but is not stained, and Gui Xiang is holy. Here, "Ten-Li Lotus, Cinnamon Sanqiu" is used to set off Lingyin Temple, a Millennium Buddhist country. It is the ingenious use of the author's ingenuity, which can be described as ingenious and just right. No wonder this couplet can still be hung in Lingyin Temple, a Millennium scenic spot.
Although this pair of couplets is generally correct, the antithesis is neat and even, with profound meaning and appropriate words, which is also a difficult thing in couplets. The ancients said, "It's easier to be right than to be right." Here, Mr. Jiang Yong's use of "historic sites with heavy lakes and mountains" to "win the edge to make incense", "several people" to "visit the blessed land" and "Bai Fucun's poems are judged by Su Gong" to "lotus flowers are ten miles long, osmanthus trees are Sanqiu", which is not only valuable in the event, but also in historical allusions. Especially a "Most Unforgettable" to a "Xu Mo Negative", just the right wonderful workmanship, but also hit the author's feelings and aspirations, played a finishing touch role. The most unforgettable part of the couplet contains Mr. Jiang Yong's infinite reverence for dialogue and Su Erxian, while the negative part of the couplet expresses Mr. Jiang Yong's attachment to the great rivers and mountains of the motherland and his spirit of living up to the bad scenery and striving for strength. This empathy technique of giving emotion to objective things is really touching and has its unique artistic effect, which is a rare masterpiece in modern couplets.
1 1, tripod pair, three-column connection
? The so-called "Ding Dui" refers to a couplet composed of three mutually antithetical sentences. The first sentence can be opposite to the second sentence, the second sentence can be opposite to the third sentence, and the third sentence can also be directly opposite to the first sentence. The folk songs of Dingzu Dui, which originated in Han Dynasty, appeared in Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty. For example, Ma Zhiyuan wrote a well-known poem "Tianjingsha Qiu Si" in which "enough is enough":
Old vines are faint crows, small bridges are flowing, and old roads are thin horses.
Similar examples can be found everywhere in Yuan Qu works, such as Zhang Kejiu, one of the four masters of Yuan Sanqu, singing the scenery in the palace:
Partridges sing in the red rain, swallows fly in the courtyard of clouds, and Yuanyang sleeps in the clear water of chiping.
Three-column connection:
A new art form of couplets, which is composed of triplets, can comprehensively and objectively reflect real life. There are two forms of three-column connection: one upper connection and two lower connections (let's call it one upper connection and two lower connections); Two up and one down (two up and one down).
There are only two traditional couplets, and the houses of large families are big, and some have three pillars at the door, so there are "three-pillar couplets".
In 2004, at the first calligraphy exhibition of self-written couplets in China, the title of Jilin Rime Festival submitted by Li Jilin Hejun won the gold medal. The content is as follows:
Clouds open the picture, jade days disperse water. (Bottom line, left column)
Smoke locks the river, silver flowers and silver trees rain; (Upper part, suspended in the column)
The wind is ringing in the Yao sea, and the willow waves are thousands of spring scenery. (Bottom line, hanging in the right column)
What's the difference between tripod couplets and three-column couplets? "Ding Dui" is similar and related to the present three-column couplets, but it is not the same. "Dingzudui" refers to a couplet composed of three antithetical sentences. The first sentence can be opposite to the second sentence, the second sentence can be opposite to the third sentence, and the third sentence can also be directly opposite to the first sentence. The fixed ancestor pair only appears in the works of ci and song, and is not used for posting; Three-column couplets and tripod couplets are basically the same in form, but they are both created for posting. This is the main difference between the two.
12, flowing water pair (as mentioned earlier)
13, fan face
In a poem, the front couplet and the back couplet form an antithesis, that is, face to face. Also known as "one pair per sentence", that is, the relative between two couplets is rare. The sentences and antitheses in each couplet do not constitute duality. More common in poetry and fu.
The moon reflects dogwood brocade, and the peach blossom cheeks are bright;
Wind blows peach embroidery, and mica paste.
1 and 3 sentences are relative; 2 and 4 are relative.
Outside the green garden, a single bee picks up the core;
Flowers are flying in fragrant gardens and fragrant trees.
1 and 3 sentences are relative; 2 and 4 are relative.
Preface to Wang Teng Pavilion:
Ten days holiday, win friends like a cloud;
Welcome to the wedding.
1 and 3 sentences are relative; 2 and 4 are relative.
14, similar pair
Bai Mei falls, rivers float,
Willow leaves the city wall.
White and yellow, the colors are relative. Plums, willows and plants are relative.
Tender willows brush eyebrows,
Yao Taoxiu has a long face.
Willow, peach, plant. Eyebrows, face, body parts. The same picture depicts spring scenery.
15, heterogeneous pair
Bai Mei falls, rivers float,
Shoukaku in Jiaoling crossed the shisong.
White, color; Coke, describing a state. Plums, plants; Crane, bird. They are all different, but plum and crane are both favorite things of literati, and the upper and lower couplets describe the same picture.
Tender willows brush eyebrows,
The oriole practices her voice.
Willow, plant; Warbler, bird. The upper and lower couplets describe the spring scenery, one picture.