Guanzi is a book that records the words and deeds of Guan Zhong, a statesman and thinker of Qi State during the Spring and Autumn Period of China (770-476 BC). It was written from the Warring States Period (475 ~ 22 BC1) to the Qin and Han Dynasties. When Liu Xiang compiled Guanzi, there were 86 articles, 76 of which were in this edition, and the rest 10 were only in the catalogue.
Guan Zhong (723 BC-about 645 BC), Han nationality, was a famous politician and strategist of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period, and was born in Yingshang (now Yingshang, Anhui). Guan Zhong lost his father at a young age, his mother was in the hospital, and he lived in poverty. He had to shoulder the burden of his family early. In order to make a living, he joined the army after doing business in partnership with Bao. After many twists and turns, he was recommended by Bao as the prime minister of Qi State, which was called "the first phase in the Spring and Autumn Period" and assisted him to become the first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. Therefore, Guan Zhong's remarks that "Guan is a scholar" were found in the Mandarin Chyi Yu, and another "Guan Zi" was handed down from generation to generation. Sun Tzu's Art of War consists of nine parts.
1, a reasonable emperor, a Taoist emperor and a moral king, so as to win the battle and gain the upper hand. Therefore, although Fu Bing was not morally prepared, he was therefore assisting Wang Chengba. This generation of people who fight are not, nor are those who don't understand the military power. Therefore, when China raises an army to help the poor country, it will win without fighting, and if it wins, it will lead to more deaths, and if it wins, it will lead to the loss of the country. These four things are also the disaster of fighting. Four major disasters in the country without danger.
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Only those who know the nature of all things can become emperors; People who know how to govern the country can become emperors; People who know how to implement moral policies can become kings; He who has the foresight to win the war can become a tyrant. Therefore, although war is not a completely noble morality, it can help Wang Ye achieve hegemony. Modern soldiers don't understand this, and they don't know that fighting is to weigh the gains and losses. Therefore, once a war starts, the country will be poor and there is no certainty of winning. Many people will die after winning the battle, and the land will hurt the vitality of the country. These four situations are all caused by fighting. All four are harmful to the country, and none of them is dangerous.
2. the book of magnanimity says: on the day of starting an army, the territory is endless; You fight, you win; If you win, you will not die; If you win, your country will be unbeaten. What about the four people? On the day of the start, the territory is not poor. Those who win this battle will be judged by law. If you win, you won't die. You will benefit from the weapons you teach you, but the enemy dare not correct them. Those who seize the land and the country are invincible because of their people. Because of the person, the numbering system has been issued. If you teach musical instruments for profit, you have control. If you judge the law, you will abide by it. Well, the future is bright. There are many ways to govern the public, and it is reasonable to defeat the enemy. We can know its reason by observing its number, know its victory by observing its weapon, and realize its victory over its enemy. Dingzong Temple, then men and women, the official four points, you can decide Wade; Make laws and give orders, and then you can rule the people with a group of people.
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Generosity book says: how to do these four things, when we wage war, we can save our country from poverty, when we fight, we are sure to win, when we win, we will not die, and when we get land, our country will not be hurt? The war was fought without poverty in the country because of proper planning. Winning the battle is due to strict laws. Winning the battle is not fatal because the coach and weapons are good and the enemy can't resist. Land is obtained without harming the vitality of the country because it conforms to the people of the conquered country. Only those who obey it, order and system can have laws to follow. With good coaches and weapons, there is control. When the law is strict, the army will abide by it. If you plan properly, you will have knowledge in the war. There must be a way to run the army and a way to speak. An excellent course to defeat the enemy. Through the investigation of the methods of running the army, we can understand the level of running the army, the reasons for winning and the magic weapon for winning. Settle down the ancestral temple, raise the children, let the four people manage things separately, so that they can stand upright; Only by formulating etiquette and issuing orders can we unify the actions of the people and govern them.
If a soldier has no master, he won't know the enemy. Wild has no collectors, no accumulation. If an official is impermanent, there will be complaints and unfortunate equipment. If the DPRK is uncertain and the rewards and punishments are unknown, the people will despise their wealth. So: fleas know the enemy and walk; Only when there is accumulation will it last long; Skilled equipment, regardless of cost: rewards and punishments are clear, and the samurai advised them.
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Without a commander in chief in the army, it is impossible to know the enemy's situation as early as possible. Without officials, agriculture cannot enrich grain reserves. The government has no formal laws, so it complains about its superiors and makes its weapons poor. There is no unified law in the imperial court, rewards and punishments are unknown, and the people look down on production. It should be said that only by knowing the enemy's situation as early as possible can we be in an invincible position; With a substantial grain reserve, we can fight for a long time without lack; Only with excellent weapons can the conquest be smooth; Strict rewards and punishments can inspire warriors.
4, three officials are correct, five religions are not chaotic, nine chapters are clear, dangerous and harmless, poor and difficult. Therefore, it is possible to control the vertical force from a distance. Three officials: when you drum the jujube drum, you are appointed, so you get up, so you enter; Second, the golden silk jujube gold is so seated, so it is retired, so it is free; Three flags, jujube flags, establish soldiers, so it is beneficial to soldiers, so it is restrained. This is called three officials. There are three orders, and the rule of law is also the rule of law. Five teachings: first, teach him to use various flags for his eyes, second, teach him to use the number of orders for his body, third, teach him to advance and retreat with his feet, fourth, teach him the advantages of being a long hand, and fifth, teach him the sincerity of rewarding and punishing his heart. Five religions learn from each other, and scholars are brave. Chapter 9: When you lift Ri Zhang, you will walk during the day; Second, hold the moon chapter and walk at night; Third, raise the dragon seal and swim; Fourth, if you raise a tiger chapter, you will go to the forest; Five, lift the bird seal, there must be malice; Six times, lift the snake seal and do it; Seventh, lift the magpie seal and then land; Eight, lift the wolf chapter, and then take the mountain road; If you break the seal on the ninth day, you will drive with food. Chapter nine was established, but nothing happened.
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The "three officials" are correct, the "five religions" are not chaotic, and the "nine chapters" are clear. In this way, even if you are in a very dangerous situation, you will not be killed. Therefore, the expedition is methodical and regular, and always leads the crowd. Sanguan: the first one is a drum, which is used for fighting, launching and attacking; Second, gold is used for defense, retreat and truce; The third is the flag, which is used to transfer soldiers, control soldiers and town troops. These are three officials. With these three commands, Sun Tzu's art of war will work. "five religions": first, teach soldiers to look at various flags; Second, the number of soldiers taught to listen to various orders; Third, teach soldiers to advance and retreat; Fourth, teach soldiers to use weapons of various lengths; Fifth, teach soldiers that the reward and punishment system is necessary. If the five divisions are proficient, the soldiers will have the courage to fight. "Nine Chapters": First, take Ri Zhang and March during the day; The second is to hold the moon chapter and March at night; The third is to hold the dragon seal and March in the water; The fourth is to raise the tiger chapter and walk in the forest; The fifth is to lift the black chapter and March on the hill; The sixth is to lift the snake chapter and March in the swamp; The seventh is to lift the magpie chapter and March on land; Eighth, raise the wolf chapter and March up the mountain; Nine is to lift the bow clothes, which means to carry food and drive. After these nine chapters are finalized, the military's actions will not be deviant.
5, three officials, five religions and nine chapters, there is no cause at first, and there is no end to death. Beginning with unprovoked, Tao also; He who dies in infinity is also virtuous. Tao cannot be measured, and virtue cannot be counted. Therefore, if you can't measure it, you can't figure it out; If you can't count, you won't cheat. When the two are ready, the movement will be active. I didn't know about it, but I was surprised. I don't know the diameter, so I can't resist; I was surprised, so I couldn't respond. Therefore, victory is harmless. Teach students in accordance with their aptitude and do whatever they want. Teach impermanence, do impermanence. Both are prepared, and moving is active.
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The application of "three officials, five religions and nine chapters" should have a beginning and no end. Begins without cause, such as "Tao"; Finally infinite, such as "virtue". Because Tao cannot be measured, and virtue cannot be measured. Unpredictable, so the enemy is strong and unable to plot our army; It is immeasurable, so the enemy can't resist our army through deception and forgery. A two-pronged approach, whether it is to move troops or stop them, is effective. Crossing the border should be unknown, and sending troops should be unexpected. When people don't know when to cross the border, the enemy can't defend; If the enemy sends troops by surprise, he can't cope. Therefore, you can win the game without injury. Coach acts directly according to the convenience of marching and the advantages of fighting. The coach is unconventional, and his actions are unconventional. A two-pronged approach will be effective.
6. The device becomes a teaching exercise, chasing the dead and fleeing like the wind, striking lightning. If the Jedi don't keep it, rely on it, and the middle road is invincible, make it go and not stay. The apparatus has become a religion, and if it is not well dispersed, it is impossible to gather it together. There is no doubt that teaching is beneficial, advancing and retreating like lightning. Make up your mind in one breath and you won't doubt it; Shirley Li Xie, this is difficult and not embarrassing. There is no doubt that there is no retreat. The enemy is for use. Lingshankeng, wait for the hook ladder; Calendar Shui Gu, no boat series. Jedi in the middle, attack on the solid, independent and beyond. Treasure does not enter alone, so it is impossible to stop it; Treasure is not unique, so it is impossible to collect it. Anonymity is the best, and accident is the best. Therefore, you can't doubt God.
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Weapons are intact and well trained, chasing deserters can be as fast as the wind, and killing enemies can be as fierce as lightning. Although the enemy has a Jedi, it can't be guarded, and it can't be supported even if it is dangerous. Our army, on the other hand, has always been active and invincible, making the defense line unimpeded. The weapons are in good condition, the coaches are well trained, the enemy points are not guarded, and the enemy gathering is unpredictable. When the coach is fully equipped with weapons, the advance and retreat of soldiers will be like lightning, without stagnation and disintegration. What can be done in one breath is unimpeded; If you can be a sharp weapon for a strong soldier, you won't mess around in times of danger. There is no obstacle to advance and no chaos to retreat, and the enemy will be used by us. In this way, you can cross dangerous terrain and lay down enemies who cling to danger without hooking ladders or crossing ditches, and no one can stop them from walking alone. In fact, "single progress" is not single progress, so it can't stop; "One person" is not alone, so it cannot be restrained. This tactic cannot be described in words, but it is not the original intention. Therefore, its greatness can be compared with the gods.
7. If animals are guided by Tao, they are people; If you raise it with morality, it will be the will of the people. And can and, and can make up, and can learn, so you can hurt. Set a ratio of one to one, do two things, exercise three powers vertically, apply four teachings, send five machines, set six lines, count seven, keep eight responses, check nine devices and print the tenth, so you can win a great victory.
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Soldiers are trained by Tao, and the people are harmonious; Raising soldiers with morality will unite people. Harmony and unity means coordination of actions, and coordination can be consistent and generally coordinated, and then no one can hurt anyone. Set it on a day, implement the "two essentials", monopolize the "three powers", master the "four machines", develop the "five religions", establish the "six lines", stress the "seven numbers", observe the "eight responses", examine the "nine chapters" and understand the "ten", and you can win a great victory.
8. There is no defense, so you can defend the victory. Fight a few battles, fight a few victories, and you will be arrogant. Only in and while one man guards it and ten thousand cannot force it can national security be guaranteed. Therefore, it is best not to fight, followed by. It is also the first to break the victory. Do not change chaos, take advantage of it, and win it. Use it if you are near, and number it if you are far away; Force is unpredictable, force is unpredictable, anger is unpredictable, and morality is unpredictable. If it rains, it will die.
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Stick to it, and you will win if you stick to it. Because frequent battles make soldiers tired, repeated victories make the monarch proud, and the proud monarch drives the tired soldiers to fight. How can the country not be dangerous? So the best way to fight is to win without fighting, followed by World War I. Breaking a big country and defeating a strong enemy is the mode decided by World War I. There is no need to confuse the enemy with contingency, take advantage of the enemy with tricks, and fight against each other to defeat the enemy. This is the essence of World War I. Conquer the near enemy with strength and deter the far country with orders. The strength is immeasurable, the strength is immeasurable, the morale is never thirsty, and the mind is unpredictable. This is the source of strength for the decision of the First World War. The surge of troops is like rain, and the reduction of staff is like the wind. This is the final performance of the First World War.
9, benefit, device also; If you use the enemy, you can teach him everything. If you can't do it, you can't benefit; Those who can't teach can't use the enemy. You can't take advantage of the enemy's poverty, and you can't make the enemy trapped. If you play far, you can win. If you go in and out of a different place, you will hurt your enemies. If you go deep into danger, you will learn from it; Teach yourself and unite as one. A good man is a soldier, and he can win the scenery if the enemy is empty. Nothing can be done without invisibility; Invisible inaction can be transformed, which is called Tao. Come back from the dead, come first, then arrive, and don't hang yourself.
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Being able to control the enemy is the best result of weapons; Getting the enemy to work for us is the best result for the coach. Those who can't make the best weapons can't control the enemy; You can't make the coach the best, and you can't make the enemy work for us. I can't let the enemy be used by me, I will be very passive; If I can't make the best weapon, I'm in trouble. You can win if you play fast. Going in and out in different ways will hurt the enemy. Going deep into enemy-occupied areas causes danger, and soldiers will naturally be vigilant, and vigilance will work together. A man who is good at commanding operations always makes the enemy feel that he is in the void, as if he is fighting against the shadow. Keep the appearance of no orientation and no form, so there is no failure; Keep the appearance of no form and no action, so nothing remains the same. These are called Tao. It seems that there is nothing but a real existence, as if it is behind but actually in front. The word "Wei" is not enough to describe its function.