Name: "Grape Map" Author: Xu Wei Creation Time: Ming Cun: 1 16.4 cm long, 64.3 cm wide Material: paper, pen and ink: an ink-wash grape in the Palace Museum in Beijing, with a string of fruits hanging upside down, fresh and tender in water color and vivid in image. Lush leaves are dotted with large areas of ink and wash. The style is sparse but not French, which represents the style of Xu Wei's freehand brushwork flowers and is also a high-level masterpiece of freehand brushwork flowers in Ming Dynasty. Self-title: "Half-life has become an Weng, and it is easy to write a book alone; There is no place to sell the pearl at the bottom of the pen, and epilepsy is lost. Tianchi. " Zhu Yin, a scholar of "Xiang nationality", learned from Tibet and India in the Qing Dynasty and Li Zuoxian. Xu Wei was once employed by Hu Zongxian, the military commander of Zhejiang and Fujian. During the period, I took the provincial exam and failed the list. Later, the son of Yan Song, a traitor in the Ming Dynasty, was killed and Hu Zongxian was arrested. Xu Wei thought that he could not survive, so he was crazy about it and committed suicide many times, but all failed. Later, he was jailed for seven years for manslaughter. After he was released from prison, Xu Wei was over 50 years old and disheartened by the bitterness of the world. Xu Wei's misfortune has made his brilliant achievements in poetry, drama and painting. Only his painting achievements are discussed here. Freehand flower-and-bird painting was inherited by Shen Zhou, Tang Yin and Chen Chun, the "Wu Pai" in Yuan Dynasty. Freehand brushwork flower-and-bird painting is reorganized by the pen and ink method of literati painting, and the pen and ink with independent language and self-development is introduced into the flowers and plants in nature, so that literati painters no longer rely on the descriptions of Mei Lan and Zhu Ju to express their inner feelings. Only a few monotonous images and simple ink colors can't satisfy the rich feelings of literati. The relative independence of pen and ink language in freehand flower-and-bird painting enables literati painters to cultivate their self-cultivation in the pen and ink world and pin their hearts on the objects they paint. The independence of freehand brushwork in flowers and birds made the expression of freehand brushwork gain unprecedented freedom, and soon the artistic peak of freehand brushwork appeared, and Xu Wei was the representative of freehand brushwork. On the basis of Chen Chun, Xu Wei developed small freehand brushwork into big freehand brushwork. Xu Wei's freehand flowers, "flying like a pen, dripping with ink", emphasize a word "qi" in the pen and a word "rhyme" in the ink. His pen seems careless, but if it is broken, there is a "broken pen" momentum between the pen and the pen. His ink seems to have been scribbled on paper over and over again. In fact, there is Mo Yun in the ink group, and the ink method shows the spirit. His wantonness and thin clothes are vividly displayed in his freehand brushwork. He himself thinks that painting is "mostly dripping ink, full of haze, lawless and dense", and "a hundred clusters of beautiful calyx, dead branches, moist ink, fresh color, flying sound, moving and living, pleasing, work and escape, are strange products" It can be seen that Xu Wei's paintings are using emotions to mobilize pen and ink, and pen and ink and things take the second place in his paintings. Pen and ink are no longer a problem for him, and objects are just a carrier. He elevated his life to pen, ink and objects. "Ink Grape Map" can best represent his freehand brushwork flower style. There is the author's own poem in the painting: "Half-life has become an Weng, and self-study is whistling in the evening breeze. The pearls at the bottom of the pen have nowhere to sell, but they are thrown into wild vines. " This is the portrayal of the author's mood. Zhu, a "multi-pronged" Xiangyin, and collectors and printers in the Qing Dynasty such as Li Zuoxian. The composition of this picture is strange and seemingly random, but it creates a moving momentum and an artistic effect of crystal clear grapes. This painting draws grapes in pure ink, smearing them at will and hanging the branches upside down, which is vivid. The vines droop. With the freehand brushwork method of full water, the grape branches and leaves are stippled and the ink is smooth. The pen is cursive, incisively and vividly, and the poems and books are properly combined in the picture. The author combines ink grapes with his own life experience, a kind of helpless resentment and struggle that is hard to pay, and expresses it with pen and ink. Xu Wei (152 1~ 1593) was an outstanding painter and writer in Ming dynasty. The first word is Wen Qing, and the word is changed to dragon. The names are Tianchi, Qingteng Taoist, Tian Shuiyue and so on. Yin Shan, Zhejiang (now Shaoxing) people. Smart since childhood, quick thinking. And ambitious. Yan Song, who took part in the anti-Japanese struggle and opposed the rape of the southeast coast during Jiajing period, had a very rough life, which can be described as "down and out in the world". He ended up in prison for seven or eight years. After he was released from prison, he was down and out, sick, selling poems, articles and paintings for a living, and living in poverty all his life. He studied painting in middle age and inherited Liang Kai's brush and ink and Lin Liang's and Shen Zhou's freehand flower-and-bird paintings. Therefore, he is good at drawing ink painting, indulged in using a pen, and drew a broken chrysanthemum, dripping with ink, flowing in Gu Zhuo, with a unique style. He also painted landscapes, regardless of rope and ink, and the characters he painted were lifelike. His brushwork is more bold and concise, dry pen, wet pen and broken pen can be used. His style is fresh and unrestrained in Wang Yang, forming an "Ivy League School". He himself is particularly proud of calligraphy. Claiming that "my book is the first, poetry is the second, writing is the third, and painting is the fourth". Yuan Hongdao and others praised his calligraphy as "bold and unrestrained", "vigorous and charming" and "above Wang Yayi and Wen". His Huangjiatu is vigorous and powerful, vividly showing the late autumn atmosphere of crab crawling and Hà Thu dying. The works have been handed down to this day. His works include: Four Faces of Man, Narration of Nanci, Lost Text of Xu Wenchang, Complete Works of Xu Wenchang, etc. Famous works handed down from generation to generation include Long Scroll of Ink Grape, Flowers and Birds of Landscape Figures (both in the Palace Museum), Long Scroll of Peony and Banana Stone and Nine Sections of Ink Flower (now in the Palace Museum).