Tingjiang Waterway in Shanghang County passes through 10 townships, with a total length of112km. Before liberation, it was the main artery from Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi to Shanghang. River bed width100 ~ 200m. In the driest period, the water depth of Guanzhuang-Fengcheng section is 0.4m ~ 0.8m, the annual runoff is 5.9 billion cubic meters, and the average slope of the water surface is reduced to one thousandth. After Changting entered the customs, he started from Huilong, passed Guanzhuangwei, Lanwuyi, Longtanwei, Jingkou and Shuixidu, and went around Tantou to the county seat. In the county town, it passes through Shuinan, Tupu and Huangnilong to Anxiang, and from Dagu to Xiadu, it passes through Pengpengyan, Delingha, Lufeng and Nanshedu Wharf, then turns back to Lan and leaves Yongding. There are 72 dangerous beaches in Tingjiang County. Rivers are rarely regulated, and navigation obstacles on reefs often cause shipwrecks. 1959 ~ 1968, the higher authorities allocated 18000 yuan to dredge the river for 60 kilometers, 1969 ~ 1977, and the regional transportation bureau allocated another 228,000 yuan to improve the waterway. 1978. 1980, saving130,000 yuan for river maintenance and improvement. In addition to normal maintenance, we will focus on renovating the 290-meter reef of Mianhuatan Waterway Project in the lower reaches of Tingjiang River. In that year 198 1 year, the 325m boat-raft waterway project of Mianhua Beach was continued, and it was completed in the first half of 1986. By the end of 1987, the people's government * * * allocated 776,000 yuan to carry out waterway maintenance and regulation projects, dredging pebbles10.8 million cubic meters, opening tie-rod roads for 2,200 meters, and blasting beaches to clear reefs for 36 1 cubic meters. At this point, although the Tingjiang River channel has not completely changed its natural state, it can basically drive 4 ~ 6 tons of motor boats. It takes 3 days for a wooden boat to sail from Shanghang County to Shang Feng, and 2.5 days after cleaning (4 hours in water, 0/3 hours in water). However, due to the development of highway traffic, the flow of materials has shifted, from bulk materials transported by water to automobile transportation. Shipping is declining year by year. Although Huilong Pumped Storage Power Station has a ship lock, it is designed as a miter gate, and the sediment is blocked. After the hydraulic pump station 1968 plunged into the steep slope, it was unable to open the gate and cross the boat, and Changting boat could not reach Shanghang.
Dapu county Tingjiang Waterway, the navigation mileage from Shixiaba to Sanhe is 40. 1 km. Small electric wheel navigable from Chayang to Shixiba. The Shizikou River in Chayang is very narrow. Its channel down to the Three Rivers is 80 meters wide and the water depth in dry season is 0.7 meters, which is navigable for ships of 20-30 tons. Tian Zhuo Waterway, the largest tributary in the upper reaches of Tingjiang River. Originated in the ancient city of Huang Po, it flows into Tianzhuo Anren via Sidu, joins the Viva River and joins the Tingjiang River at the water mouth, with a total length of 63 kilometers and a drainage area of 843 square kilometers. The navigable river starts from Pingdu and Sidu, and passes through Tianzhuo to Shuikou, with a voyage of 23 kilometers. 1987, the waterway is from Tianzhuo to Shuikou 10 km, which can pass 3-5 tons of motor boats.
Nanshanhe Waterway, the second largest tributary of Tingjiang River in the county, has a total length of 42 kilometers and a drainage area of 238 square kilometers. It is formed by the confluence of two streams, Zhongwu Village and Datian Village. It flows through Hotan Makeng and Tongziba, and flows into the Tingjiang River at the mouth of Yijiazhuang River via Huangfengqiao. Before 1970s, Nanshan River could be reached by wooden boat. 1973, navigation was interrupted due to dam construction on the left plough wall in Hotan.
In addition, there are Tiechang River, Zhengfang River, Qili River, Nanliu River, Liufang River, Fangtu River, Gucheng River, Chenlian River and Tongfang River in the county, all of which are mountain streams, with high riverbeds and fast-flowing water, so there is no boat to cross, and bamboo and wood can only be transported to mountainous areas.
The Brewmaster River is 40 kilometers from the headstock to Kyushu, with an average gradient of 2.5% and an annual runoff of 65.438+49.2 million cubic meters. Before liberation, there were many reefs in the nose section, with small rivers, rapid current and large drop, which made it impossible for ships to pass. Even the goods coming and going from Liancheng have to go ashore to carry barges for miles on foot. In 25 years of the Republic of China (1936), there were more than 30 boatmen along the river. The load of each ship can reach 1500 kg in spring and 1000 kg in winter, and the voyage can reach one day. After liberation, after many river regulation, the whole line can be connected with wooden boats, of which 2 ~ 4 tons of motor boats can be connected with 22 kilometers. After that, the transportation of goods was mostly replaced by cars.
The channel length of Huangtan River is 107.5km, of which 70 km from Dayangba to Xiaohekou is navigable, with an average gradient of three thousandths, and the annual runoff is165438+79 million cubic meters. The river bed along the river has a large drop, with a general water depth of 0.2-0.3 m, and only small wooden boats can pass. In 25 years of the Republic of China, there were 34 ships, each with a load of 1000 kg in spring and only 500 kg in winter. For a period of time after liberation, the shipping of this river increased. From 1960, roads were built along the way, and materials transportation was gradually replaced by road vehicles.
Yongding River Waterway, the starting point of Yongding River Waterway has two places: one is in Kanshi; One is in pumice. After the two waterways meet in Xinluoqiaxi, Kanshi, they pass through Qingxi, Lei Hu, Suburb, Fengcheng and Xianshi Road, and meet with Tingjiang at Huamian Beach, with a navigation mileage of 70.5 kilometers. During the Baodian period of the Southern Tang Dynasty (943 ~ 955), the Kanshi section of Yongding River waterway was navigable to Gaobei Mountain (where Shanghang Marketing Department was located in ancient times, and Shanghang County ruled the city), and it was navigable to Gaobei Bridge in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. From Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty to the early days of the Republic of China, ships docked in Cannes because of the gradual depletion of water resources. From Qingxi to Gekou River in Yongding River, the width is about 100 m; The width of the river below Xikou is about150m. The riverbed sediments are mostly pebbles and rock slabs, and the river bottom is clear. Qingxikou, Guangfeng, Yamatan and Longtan reach have narrow riverbeds, fast-flowing water and many dangers on the beach. After 1970, in order to develop water conservancy and electric power, villages along the river built dams on the He Lan River in Xinluokeng, Fuxijia, Xinliantan, Yanglongqian, Guzhen and Meiziba, which led to the suspension of navigation of Yongding River.
Tingjiang Waterway in Yongding County originates from Laijiashan in Ninghua County, and flows through Changting, Shanghang, Yongding, Shishi, Sanheba and Meijiang to form Hanjiang River, and then flows to Chaozhou and Shantou. The navigation mileage from Changting Shuikou of Tingjiang River to Yongding Peak City is 2 19 kilometers, and Hongshan of this county is 25 kilometers to Shi Feng, with a slope of 2‰. From Feng Duan, Shi Feng to shishi city, it flows through the cotton beach, and the water is fast. Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "ten miles of cotton falls, rivers fall from the sky", and it has always been a restricted area of Tingjiang River. During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, the downstream peak of the Tingjiang River was not yet navigable, but all the goods from Tingzhou to Zhangzhou were transported to Zhetan, and then the porters were hired to go ashore 10 to Shixian, and then from Yongding River to Qingxi, pumice city, and then the porters were hired to go ashore from Qingxi to Nanjing tide and downstream to Zhangzhou. The people who brought the goods into Ting will also bring them back along this road. During the Jiading period of the Southern Song Dynasty, navigation in the lower reaches improved and goods turned to Chaoshan trade. Tidal salt and rice are transported to the shore of Shishi, Tai Po, 6 kilometers by manpower to Shi Feng, and then to Tingzhou via Hongshan.
Meitan river channel. Tai Po, formerly known as Qingyuan River, is 83 kilometers long, with a meandering river and different depths. There are many boulders in the reach of Tiger Jumping Head, and the current is fast, making it impossible for ships to sail. Dadong to Baihou can handle 2 tons of ships, Baihou to Meitan can handle 3 tons of ships, and Meitan to Sanhe can handle 1.5 tons of ships. After the 1970s, nine large and small dams were built along the river, which cut off the waterway, and the 57-kilometer waterway of Xikou Shangcun was cut off.
Xihe Zhang Waterway. Also known as Dajingxi, it is a tributary of Tingjiang River. The county seat is 32 kilometers long. The 20-kilometer waterway from Zhangxi to Chayang can be navigable for 7-ton ships all year round. After 1970, eight barrage dams were built successively, and hydropower stations were built on board, and the navigation was suspended for 29 kilometers from Shanghuangsha to Chayang. In Changting County, there are five docks in history, including Shuidong Bridge, Wu Tongling, Chiling, Shuikou and Yanggu.
Shuidong Bridge Wharf, also known as Banpian Street Wharf, is located on the south bank of Shuidong Bridge, Tingzhou Town, and is the first wharf in the upper reaches of Tingjiang River. Founded in the Tang Dynasty, it has been built and destroyed repeatedly. With the rise of water transportation, in the Northern Song Dynasty, from Yuan You to Fu Yuan (1086 ~ 1 100), the docks were all built with pebbles. In the third year of Duanping in the Southern Song Dynasty (1236), the long-distance waterway of Tingjiang River was opened in Song Ci, a county magistrate, and the shipping tide, cargo stacking and throughput of the terminal increased year by year. From the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties to the thirty-fourth year of the Republic of China (1945), which lasted for more than 700 years, Shuidongqiao Wharf was the main wharf along the Tingjiang River and the main distribution center for materials in western Fujian, southern Jiangxi and eastern Guangdong, with an annual throughput of 56,000 tons. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the land transportation developed rapidly, and the sea transportation was gradually replaced by road transportation. The cargo throughput of Shuidong Bridge wharf is decreasing year by year. At 1969, the dockers went to the countryside and the shipping business was closed. 1980 Shuidongqiao Wharf was transformed into a commercial area with a riverside market.
Wutongqiao Wharf is located on the south bank of Wutongqiao in Tingzhou Town. The original shipping management station and shipping cooperative set this up to dispatch ships. 1966 rebuilt wharf, with a length of 8.9 meters and a height of 3 meters, for ships to stay, and can dock six ships at the same time. 1June, 982, Wu Tong Bridge was rebuilt and the wharf was demolished.
Chiling Wharf, located opposite Xiufang Village in Hetian Town, is a transit wharf for shipping along the Tingjiang River. Until 1987, the wharf still exists.
Shuikou Wharf is located in Shuikou Village, Tianzhuo Township. 1May, 929, Mao Zedong and Zhu De led more than 5,000 main troops of the Red Fourth Front Army here: "The Red Flag leaped over the Tingjiang River and went straight down Longyan to Shanghang", creating a revolutionary base area in western Fujian. Before 1960, it was the Tingjiang freight transit terminal, and it still exists today.
Yanggu Wharf, located in Yanggu Village, Xuancheng Township, is one of the shipping hinterland of Tingjiang River, which undertakes the transshipment and loading and unloading of goods from other counties and provinces. In June, 1973, 1 1, the cement wharf was rebuilt and is now used by Yanggu agricultural and sideline transportation team.
Shi Feng Wharf is located at Huamian Beach in the lower reaches of Tingjiang River, and consists of six berths: Shang Jie Wharf, Grand Wharf, Zhu Shi Wharf, Shezi Wharf and Shiba Inu Wharf. From Shibuya Bank to Shi Feng Street, you have to climb 100 steps. Tingjiang shipping has to go through 6 kilometers of land transportation to reach Shishi, Guangdong. It is the gateway of shipping transit in Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces 10 counties. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the shipping of Tingjiang River reached its peak, and all counties in western Fujian set up trade transshipment stacks here. In addition to the local farmers, there are porters in Guangdong, Hunan and Guangdong provinces 18 counties, totaling more than 1000 people. They have to bear more than 65,438+100,000 tons of terminal loading and unloading every year, making it the largest terminal in Yongding and western Fujian. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, Shi Feng Wharf was controlled by feudal gangs, such as: Tong surname occupied Shang Jie Wharf and Grand Wharf; Liu Zhanling butcher stone wharf and shed under the wharf; Ge's surname occupied the pier of Shangxiaqueshi. Relying on the gang forces, they charged more than 60% port handling fees, and the vast number of port handling workers suffered exploitation and humiliation. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the workers organized the dock trade unions and porters' associations and became the owners of the dock. 1953 people embarked on the road of cooperation through democratic reform. Economic income is distributed according to work, and more work pays more. Per capita monthly income 100 yuan or more, which is lower than that in 60 yuan. The life of workers has been greatly improved. After 1960, due to the rapid development of highway transportation, many incoming and outgoing materials abandoned water and landed, and the sea transportation gradually decreased, and the terminal loading and unloading decreased sharply. In order to take care of their lives, the dockers were transferred to Fengcheng, Lei Hu, Kanshi and xia yang respectively. Some of them changed their jobs, while others stayed. By 1987, only 20 dockers were left, responsible for a small amount of loading and unloading business.
Luxiba Wharf, Luxiba is the terminal of Yongding River shipping, where all exported materials will be ashore, transported to Hutousha by manpower for 5 kilometers across the ravine, and then transported to Tai Po for shipment. Salt, sugar and other sundries shipped from Chaoshan are also transported from Tai Po to Luxiaba Wharf by manpower through Hutou Sand, and can only be converted into Yongding River water transport. There used to be more than a dozen transfer operations (stacks) at Luxiaba Wharf, with hundreds of loading and unloading personnel, mostly local people, with an annual workload of 2-3 thousand tons. Since the 1960s, the shipping industry has declined with the development of land transportation, and the Luxiaba Wharf has been gradually abandoned.
Chayang Port has always been the water transport hub of Fujian and Guangdong. 195 1 The ship management station was established in March. Use natural slopes to load and unload goods. The wharf was built at 1955. In the 1960s, the Port Group was established under the Gaopi Port Authority. The port has two dock operation areas, Maogongshi and Shizikou. Wharf shoreline length * * * 211.5m; The yard area is 7529 square meters; There are 2 warehouses with an area of 293 square meters. Since 1980s, because most of the coal transported from Fujian to Chaoshan transited here, the port cargo throughput has increased year by year, from 1.97887 million tons to 1.88 million tons.