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The name of "Surabaya" in ancient county has been passed down from generation to generation, and it has been used for more than 400 years. Surabaya county's splendid toponymic culture is composed of ancient and distinctive toponymic words culture and profound and unique toponymic entity culture (regional culture).
Cultural connotation of place name words
Firstly, the etymology of "surabaya county" is briefly analyzed.
The word "surabaya county" belongs to the place name of China's administrative region, and its standard pronunciation is "S Shu".
Xi 'an. The county-level administrative region (place name entity) it refers to is located in the south-central part of Shandong Province, at the southern foot of Taiyi Mountain and at the upper reaches of Sihe River. Located at 35 28' north latitude ~ 35 48' east longitude.
117 05' ~1/7 35' Pingyi county in the east, Qufu city in the west, Zoucheng city in the south, xintai city city in the north and Ningyang county in the northwest. The county is 50.6 kilometers long from north to south and 52 kilometers wide from east to west, covering an area of
109 1.8 square kilometers, north of Gucheng west road, surabaya county, where the county people's government is located, 190 kilometers south of Jinan, the provincial capital. It is a county under the jurisdiction of Jining City.
Surabaya county was located in the 11th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (AD 59 1 year), and the county seat was named after the river. Sihe River was called Surabaya in ancient times, and its name has a long history. As early as Yu Shun's time, surabaya county was one of the "Nine Waters".
Second, the evolution of surabaya county's administrative regions.
Surabaya county has been a land of border countries since ancient times. Spring and autumn are Lu Xu.
Yi (now Sishui Town), Bianyi (now 2 1 km Bianqiao Village in the east of Sishui Town) and Miyi (now south of Bianqiao). Bianyi County was established in the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-24 AD), and Bianyi (now Bianqiao in Quanlin Town) was under the jurisdiction of Bianyi County, located in Xinjiang.
The territory includes this county in the northern, central and eastern regions and xintai city in Fangcheng region, belonging to the State of Lu. The Three Kingdoms Wei (AD 220-265) belonged to Lu County. The Western Jin Dynasty changed Lu County to Lu State. In the north, border counties are deserted. The Sui Dynasty opened the emperor for three years (583
In), Wenyang was abolished as a county, which was abolished in the eleventh year (AD 59 1).
City (now Sishui Town) is located in surabaya county, named after Sihe River. With the original border county, it belongs to Yanzhou and then to Lu Jun. Metal Yanzhou in Tang and Song Dynasties. In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (1265), it was abandoned in Qufu County and restored the following year, belonging to Jining Prefecture. Ming and Qing dynasties belong to
Yanzhou prefecture. 19 14 belongs to Jining Road. 1925 belongs to Yanji Road. 1928 road waste belongs to the province. 1936 belongs to the first administrative supervision area. 194 1 year belongs to the first administrative region of southern Shandong. Later, it was returned to the Lunan Administration.
Area 1 (1944), Area 4 (1948), Nishan District (1949), Tai 'an District (1950), exclusive to Jining (1956) and Tai 'an District.
(1983). May, 1985, belonging to Jining City.
Third, the characteristics of surabaya county county name words.
According to the analysis of the place names of settlements (natural villages) in China, its composition and words have the following characteristics.
First, the formation of place names is relatively old. According to the research of cultural relics department, there are more than ten settlement sites in Surabaya from matriarchal clan society to paternal clan society, among which Dawenkou cultural sites include Zhegou, Bai Qin, Zhongdu and Xiaohuanggou. Longshan cultural sites include Yinjiacheng, Yugou, Huang Yu Temple and Zhangzhuang.
Second, the naming of place names has obvious laws and characteristics. There are 2 17 natural villages named after natural entities, accounting for 36.7% of all natural villages, such as Dongwa, Yaoshan and Fengxian Zhuang. It reflects the mountainous and watery natural geography of the county.
Features. There are 232 villages named after surnames, accounting for 39.3% of the total number of natural villages such as Baocun, Zhazhai and Fengjiazhuang. There are 14 villages named after the ancient city, accounting for 2.4% of all villages, such as Quanlin Town.
Bianqiao, Jang Jin Hanshu, the hometown of Zhongce Town. There are 20 villages named after scenic spots, accounting for 3.4% of all villages, such as Quanlin Village and Yuhuangmiao Street. There are 23 villages named after products, accounting for all villages.
3.9%, such as Zaoshangou and Taohuagang. There are 60 villages named after historical figures and legends, accounting for 1 1.2% of all villages, such as Kuayu River and Xiejiahe River. There are 9 villages named after shops and market towns, accounting for all villages.
Zhuang's 1.5%, such as Nanpuzi, Xianggong Store, Yujiaguan and Huangyin.
Thirdly, influenced by dialects, some place names have special pronunciations, such as "ge" pronounced as "guo", "guo" pronounced as "ge" and "er" pronounced as "le". Some words have special pronunciations in some place names, such as Geshan pronounced "ge" as "guo". East Loess Cliff "Cliff" is pronounced as "Ai" and so on.
Physical and Cultural Connotation of Place Names
I. Profound history and culture
(A) the historical origin
Surabaya county has a long history, and the recorded history of Surabaya can be traced back to ancient times. Zuo Zhuan said: "Lu has a large court library, and he thinks there is a dragon palace", and "Note on the mirror" said: "Tai Hao takes the big court as the name of the dragon.
Stone ". Textual research on the culture of Yanhuang clan says: "Qufu has a large clan library, which is connected with soil and land. In particular, it can be proved that Julong is in Surabaya ... Now there is Julong Mountain fifteen miles southeast of Surabaya. ".
(2) Cultural relics and historic sites
1, the site of the apocalypse temple
Located in the north of Tianqimiao Village, Jang Jin. There is a deep ditch in the north, a river in the east and mountains in the west. It is a platform with a height of about 7 meters, a length of 80 meters from north to south and a width of 100 meters from east to west. Lime soil and pottery pieces are exposed on the cliff, and the cultural layer is thick.
Degrees 1.5-2 meters. There are two kinds of unearthed pottery, mud and sand, mostly gray, mainly with rope patterns and plain faces, with remnants of ding, Wei, beans, pots and cans; Stone tools include stone axe, Shi Mao and stone sickle. In addition, some deer were unearthed.
Cape is an ancient site of Longshan culture and Shang and Zhou culture. 1988, National Cultural Heritage Administration excavated the site.
Historical event
1, Red Coat Army Uprising
Ding Hao (? -12 16) A native of Quanlin, Surabaya, was the leader of the Red Army in the late Jin Dynasty. At the end of Jin Dynasty, Jurchen nobles and landlords of all ethnic groups intensified their oppression and exploitation of farmers, and social contradictions intensified. Farmers in Shandong, Hebei and other places have dried their poles.
Stand up. Because the rebels all wear red coats, they are called "Red Army". The Red Army in Shandong mainly benefited from Yang Aner in the capital, James Li in Weizhou (now Weixian), Liu in Yimeng, Pingyi and Surabaya. The rebels echoed each other,
Cooperating with the battle dealt a heavy blow to the ruler's rule. In the second year of Zhenyou (12 14), the rulers sent heavy troops to Shandong to suppress the insurgents, and Yang Aner and Liu were killed or killed one after another, and most of the rest defected. Ding Hao is very powerful.
In addition, there are 60,000, so political power was established, officials were set up, and the title of "great man" was given. Ding Hao proclaimed himself emperor, and the title of "Shuntian" was given. At the same time, take advantage of the situation to conquer more than ten counties such as Taian, Yanzhou, Tengzhou and Danzhou, as well as Laiwu and Xintai. then
Then he went south to Pizhou, conquered Zhangziba and got tens of thousands of warships. And set out to cross the Yellow River and go straight to the ruler's lair.
The victory of Ding Hao's Red Army caused great panic among rulers of Jin Dynasty, who quickly dispatched troops from all over the country.
It was suppressed in Zhenyou for four years (12 16). In May, under the unified command of the servant Sheng, the nomads from the army and Hao Definition Army launched a fierce battle. Lien Chan was defeated and suffered heavy losses because the rebels were mixed with dragons and dragons and had different orders. Ding Hao ratio
The rest broke through and spread all over the country. Later, in Zhegou area of Surabaya, they were surrounded by the neighbors of Hong Yan, Jinjiang. Hao was defeated and captured, and was escorted to the capital to be executed.
2. The people of Surabaya fought against Japan
During the Anti-Japanese War, the main force of our army and local armed forces fought against the enemy and puppet troops in Surabaya for more than 300 times, including nearly 100 times on a larger scale. 1the hill battle in June 939 wiped out more than 200 people. 1942 9
In the battle of Sun Xu last month, nearly 200 people were killed and 500 were captured. 1944 in the battle of gu' an in July, the enemy motorcade was ambushed first, and then the Japanese puppet troops who came to retaliate were surrounded, killing more than 300 people in one fell swoop. 1944
From June to June, 2006-165438+ 10, the Japanese aggressors assembled Japanese puppet troops stationed in Yanzhou, Qufu and Surabaya, and "encircled" Geshanchang village four times in a row, with the strength increased from 500 to nearly 1000.
With the cooperation of the Third Company of Nishan Independent Battalion and the squadron of Lushan District, the villagers and soldiers of Geshan Factory fought bravely and fought bloody battles with the Japanese puppet troops, repelling the enemy's attacks and encirclement campaigns four times, killing 86 people and capturing them.
15 people. On February 5th 1945, Japanese puppet troops raided Geshanchang village in retaliation for the anti-Japanese struggle, resulting in the Geshanchang tragedy. In this tragedy, 96 villagers were killed and 132 villagers were injured.
Burned down houses 1200 rooms and more than 2,000 large livestock. In order to commemorate the heroic deeds of the people of Geshan, a memorial tower for the people of Geshan was built in Geshan village.
Famous historical figures
Surabaya county has a long history and talented people. Many celebrities have emerged since ancient times, and their spirit and demeanor have become the source of strength to inspire the people of the county to make progress.
Fu Xi
Fuxi is the earliest king recorded in China's ancient books. According to the textual research of the late archaeologist Mr. Wang, he was surabaya county Quanlin and Ren. Fuxi is brilliant. He invented gossip according to the changes of everything in the world.
It became the origin of ancient Chinese characters in China, and also ended the history of "knotting notes". He also tied ropes into nets to catch birds and hunt, taught people how to fish and hunt, invented musical instruments, and wrote the song "Driving Discrimination", his activities and standards.
Aim at the beginning of Chinese civilization.
Zhuangzi while Zhuangzi also tube Zhuangzi and Yanzi. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Dr. Bian Que of Lu was famous for his bravery. He once assassinated two tigers and people in the spring forest of Surabaya.
moderate snow
(Top 542-Top 480)
Lu, also known as Jiji Road, is from Bianqiao Village, Luquanlin Town. Confucius is a proud student and is famous for his political affairs. Zhong You is a strong and upright person with courage, versatility and filial piety. 18 years old, Confucius dongdubian.
Appreciated by Confucius Confucius lured him with gifts and accepted him as an apprentice. Besides studying the Six Arts, Zhong You traveled around the world with Confucius, driving for Confucius and waiting for him. He dared to criticize Confucius and correct his mistakes, which was highly valued by Confucius. hole
Zi Chang praised: "The courage, the smell of joy." He added, "If my proposal doesn't work, I'll go overseas for logging. The only one who followed me at that time was Zhong You. "
Wang Xiao was a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty and was born in Surabaya, Shandong. Wang Xiao usually observes and studies the habits and characteristics of birds and other animals very carefully. So his works are more lively. For example, The Noisy Birds can vividly show the images of kites flying and birds screaming in panic, which is appreciated by the world.
Wang jiarong
The word is a broad shadow, the word is just a shadow, and the number is Gu Rong. In the Qing Dynasty, people from Kaobang Street in Surabaya Chengguan. In the thirty-sixth year of Qianlong (177 1 year) and the first year of Jiaqing (1796), Lian Xiao was promoted to Founder, took the exam and was awarded the first scholar in countermeasures.
Decree of Zhuxi County, Hubei Province. However, due to illness, he could not take office, and was appointed as a nearby zouping county Oracle, and was later donated as a state tongzhi. Wang is knowledgeable and likes to collect ancient calligraphy stickers, with thousands of volumes and several volumes of poems and songs, namely
Surabaya culture has made positive contributions.
Wang Tingzan (1847- 1927)
The word Xiangzi, whose number is Ruogu and whose road number is Paiyun, comes from Yushu Garden Street in Chengguan. Wang has been eager to learn since childhood and loves poetry and fu. 1866 (five years of Tongzhi) was admitted to the examination of Jinshi, 1873 (twelve years of Tongzhi) paid tribute to Guiyouke. 1876
In the second year of Guangxu, Bingzi was the imperial examination officer. 1892 (18th year of Guangxu), Ren Chenke was a scholar and was released as a magistrate. He served as the magistrate of Pingwu, Changning and Nanbu counties in Sichuan, and was later promoted to Zhili as the alternate magistrate. Office * * *
15 years, witnessed the corruption of the Qing court, humiliated the country, made the people miserable, resigned angrily and returned to China, instead of going with the world. Wang, who is over 60 years old, went to Surabaya for a field trip, looking for the source and consulting materials in many ways.
Material, visit fellow villagers, wrote a book "four knowledge if Shen". Later, he wrote "The Origin of Surabaya" in 19 12, and won the special prize of Shandong History and Museum Exhibition.
Lian Lizhi (1909- 1986)
I once used the name Zhuo Ting. Professor of History Department of Shandong Normal University, Vice President of Shandong Historical Society, from Yuliangzhuang, Quanlin Town. 1934 After graduating from Beiping Normal University in July, I worked as a history teacher in Hubei and Sichuan.
1944 when he was teaching in Zitong Teachers College, Hubei Province, he mobilized students to form an anti-Japanese activity group to publicize the anti-Japanese national salvation, and was blacklisted by the authorities. 65438-0947, lecturer, Department of History and Geography, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou.
1948- 1985, professor, dean and director of the academic affairs office of Shandong Normal University. 1963 In February, 1963 was elected as the third member of Shandong Province. Persecuted during the Cultural Revolution, during the day
While being criticized, he also studied the modern history of China in the evening. 1975, suffering from diabetes and coronary heart disease, old and weak. He teaches while treating diseases, and at the same time finds time to compile historical materials of Shandong religious plans for young professors.
For reference. 1978 was elected as the deputy of the Fifth People's Congress of Shandong Province and the vice president of Shandong Historical Society. 65438-0982 Consultant of Shandong Local Records Compilation Committee. For more than fifty years, he devoted himself to it with patriotic enthusiasm.
Education and painstaking study have trained a large number of talents for the party and the country. His works mainly include Chronicle of Ban Chao, Lecture on China's History Teaching Method, Shandong Xinhai Revolution, etc.
Historical allusion
1, Confucius stole the spring water without drinking it.
From ancient times to the present, who can be without fault? Even if the sage is wrong. One year there was a great drought, and there was a famine in the border towns, and there was no food. People were so hungry that they peeled the bark and ate it up, but the government asked for money and food as usual. Official compulsion
During the uprising, a farmer named Liu led a large group of people to Qinglong Mountain in the north, occupied the mountain and rebelled and became king. They are outnumbered, and even the government can't help it. Confusion, Confucius and his disciples
When he came, Dr. Bian Yi told this story, and Confucius asked, "Why do the people rebel?" The doctor said, "when the years are not good, famine will catch up." . Confucius said, "Why did you collect a lot of money and food?" The doctor said, "I will return these."
If you don't spend enough, how can you collect less? Anyway, it is impossible not to use force! "Confucius said," Is this used to kill people? I'd better tell them to go down the mountain. "
Confucius took only one disciple, Gao Chai, to Qinglong Mountain.
Go down. On the mountain, Liu heard that Confucius and his disciples were coming, so he sent someone to invite him to the mountain. Confucius said, "As long as you submit to the imperial court, I will go up the mountain at once. As long as you are a thief, I won't go up the mountain. " How did Liu Can Xia Zi submit it? discuss
Talked for a long time. It was very hot at that time, and both Confucius and Gao Chai were thirsty. Liu asked someone to bring him a bowl of water to drink. Gao Chai was about to drink when Confucius stopped him loudly and said, "You can't drink this spring water!" " "A country of the Zhou Dynasty.
Xia Zi said, "Master, this is a clear spring on the mountain. Drinking it is only good, not bad. Why not drink? " Confucius said, "Mountain thief, mountain thief! Steal the mountain spring, steal the spring! Gentlemen don't drink the water of stealing springs! " Confucius
The story of not drinking stolen spring water comes from this. Up to now, there is still a valley on Qinglong Mountain, also called Pirate Spring Valley.
2. Zhong Zi, whose surname is Zhong, is a native (there is still a hutong Zhongzi Lane in Bianqiao, surabaya county today). His father is a doctor in Wang Zhuang. As the son of a gatekeeper, Zhong You is outspoken and fearless. He has been practicing kung fu since he was a child. There is a saying in Surabaya that tigers are killed with bare hands and dragons are killed underwater.
One day, Confucius took his children to visit the Spring Forest. Every time, he pumped water from the drilling platform. At this time, the teacher and pupil are thirsty and want to drink water. Zhong You asked, "Who are you?" Confucius said, "Kong Qiu also." Zhong You smiled and said, "Don't saints drink water?"
Difficult, I didn't miss a word, drank well water and fell at the master's feet. If you don't know, will you do it for me? Confucius said, "Of course." Zhong You said: "Empty words have no evidence, high-five is evidence." After seeing Master Zhong You and Zhong You fight three times in a row.
Put the shoulder pole flat in the middle of the wellhead, stand up straight and ask, "What's your message?" The host shook his head and pretended not to know. Zhong You smiled at the sky and said, "I don't know Chinese characters, but saints only bear the holy name!" Confucius said, "Not Chinese characters, but Chinese characters." middle
You ask, "Why is it Nakako?" Confucius pointed to the wellhead and pointed to the extension line and said, "Putting a pole at the wellhead is in the middle, and standing next to it is in the middle." Zhong You listened to the truth, bowed his head and gave up, so he bowed down at the door of Confucius.
Confucius accepted Zhong You as an apprentice. When his disciples saw Zhong Youguan with a chicken feather and a sword, they were rude to the teacher and complained that the teacher had taken fanatics by mistake. Confucius said: "Otherwise, Lutz is rude and arrogant, but his character is quite good. He can be a perfect person and a great tool in the future. "