As early as before the Qin and Han dynasties, there was a custom of hanging peach symbols in the New Year. The so-called Fu Tao is to write the names of the legendary gods "shentu" and "Lei Yu" on two mahogany boards and hang them on the left and right doors to exorcise ghosts and eliminate evil spirits. This custom lasted for more than 1000 years, and it was not until the Five Dynasties that people began to paste couplets on mahogany boards. According to the History of Song Dynasty. Shu family ",Meng Chang, the master of Shu after the Five Dynasties," divided every year, with a bachelor's degree as the word, inscribed with a peach symbol, and a bedroom door on the left and right. At the end of the year (AD 964), the bachelor had the honor to write a poem for Yin Xun, in which the title was falsely written: Changchun, Qing Yu Jiajie, New Year.
This is the earliest Spring Festival couplets in China.
After the Song Dynasty, it has become quite common for people to hang Spring Festival couplets in the New Year. In Wang Anshi's poems, the phrase "Thousands of households always change new peaches for old ones" is a true portrayal of the grand occasion at that time. Because the appearance of Spring Festival couplets is closely related to peach symbols, the ancients also called Spring Festival couplets "peach symbols".
It was not until the Ming Dynasty that people began to use red paper instead of red boards, which led to the Spring Festival couplets we see today. According to Miscellaneous Notes of Mao Yunlou, before the Lunar New Year's Eve, after Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, made Jinling his capital, he ordered officials and literati to hang a pair of Spring Festival couplets at home, go out incognito in person, watch from house to house and have fun. From then on, all scholars think antithesis is an elegant thing. After entering the Qing Dynasty, couplets once flourished, and many famous couplets appeared.
With the development of cultural exchanges between countries, couplets have also been introduced to Vietnam, North Korea, Japan, Singapore and other countries. These countries still have the custom of pasting couplets.
Couplets are developed from the antithesis of regular poems, and retain some characteristics of regular poems. The ancients compared reciting poems with reciting poems, which reflected the relationship between them to some extent. Couplets require neat antithesis, smooth coordination, flat tail on the top and flat tail on the bottom. These characteristics are similar to those of regular poems, so some people call couplets paste poems. However, couplets are different from poems. They only have couplets. Generally speaking, they are more refined than poems, and their sentence patterns are more flexible, long or short, and flexible. Couplets can be four characters, five characters, six characters, seven characters, eight characters, nine characters, crosses and dozens of crosses. There are even hundreds of long couplets in ancient buildings in China. Couplets, whether chanting things and expressing aspirations or writing scenery and expressing feelings, require the author to have a high generalization ability and the ability to control words, so that it is possible to achieve both literary quality and physical spirit, giving people a sense of both ideological and artistic in a few words.
Basic rules of couplets
Couplets are called "couplets", commonly known as pairs. Concise and profound, neat and balanced, with one word and one sound, is a unique art form of Chinese language. It can be said that couplet art is a cultural treasure of the Chinese nation.
The types of couplets can be divided into Spring Festival couplets, wedding couplets, birthday couplets, elegiac couplets, decorative couplets, industry couplets, communication couplets and miscellaneous couplets (including humorous couplets ...). The length of couplets varies, only one or two words are short; It can be hundreds of words long.
There are various forms of couplets, such as pairs, pairs, flowing pairs, couplets, set sentence pairs and so on. However, no matter what kind of couplets and forms are used, they must have the following characteristics:
First, words should be equivalent and sentences should be consistent. In addition to deliberately leaving a place for a word to achieve a certain effect, the number of words in the upper and lower couplets must be the same, neither more nor less.
Second, we should be straightforward and harmonious. The traditional habit is to "pucker up and fall flat", that is, the end of the last sentence of the first couplet is puckered up and the end of the last sentence of the second couplet is flat.
Third, the part of speech is relative and the position is the same. It is generally called "virtual to virtual, real to real", which means that nouns to nouns, verbs to verbs, adjectives to adjectives, quantifiers to quantifiers, adverbs to adverbs and related words must be in the same position.
Fourth, the content should be related and run through from top to bottom. The meaning of up and down links must be interrelated, but they cannot be repeated. In addition, the traditional practice of hanging couplets must be written straight and pasted vertically, from right to left and from top to bottom, and cannot be reversed. The horizontal criticism closely related to couplets can be said to be the title and center of couplets. Good reviews can make the finishing point and complement each other in couplets.
Tibetan character lattice
Couplets are also called "Queruge", which consciously omits some words and skillfully expresses some meanings.
One two three four five six seven
Filial piety, loyalty, courtesy, righteousness and sincerity
Note: the first couplet forgets eight, homophonic turtle, and the second couplet is shameless.
2345;
Six seven eight nine.
Horizontal batch: North and South
The moral of this couplet: lack of one (clothes), lack of ten (food), nothing.
Write about Sanqiu in northern Cyprus.
Lu Tong 1 Line to Pengtu
Note: "Wild Goose" is hidden in the link above.
Hide the "compass" down the line.
Blow Xiangjiang river several times.
A pillow attracts martial arts clouds.
Note: The link above is a hidden "flute".
The next link hides the dream.
Three thousand Li of snow on one shoulder
Dry eyes at twelve o'clock
Note: The top allied scroll is hidden as a "sedan chair".
The next link hides the cat.
Connect with a hyphen
Split is to split a combined Chinese character into several independent Chinese characters.
After a long time, Gan Long, teaching and studying, can't help but miss Hejian's hometown.
Seeing Ji Xiaolan's worry, Gan Long said, "I think you are thinking of your wife, children and parents."
Ji Xiaolan immediately knelt down and said, "If you are allowed to leave to visit your relatives, I will: thank you, thank God and thank the king."
Gan Long was so happy that he approved a holiday and allowed Ji Xiaolan to go back to his hometown to visit his relatives.
At the end of Qing Dynasty, a boy took an exam. I failed again and again because I didn't bring a gift to the examiner. One year, the boy went to the exam again. The examiner saw that he was empty-handed, threw the paper aside and sneered:
The upper hook is old, the lower hook is an exam, the old exam is a boy, and the boy is old;
Tongsheng thought, I tried again and again, not that I didn't have talent, but that I didn't have the money to give gifts. Then go to:
The second is heaven, and the first is big, big and big.
The ancient wood in front of the rock is dead, and this wood is firewood!
A girl with a long scarf is good, and a girl is even better!
This mountain comes from Chaishan.
There is a lot of smoke at night because of the fire.
Jani girl of Miao nationality
The samurai are determined to stop fighting.
Note: The first word is divided into the sixth and seventh words, and the second and third words are merged into the fourth word.
Jani girl of Miao nationality
Zhuge, who talks big, is the only one.
Note: The first word is divided into the sixth and seventh words, and the second and third words are merged into the fourth word.
Jani girl of Miao nationality
Golden boy was founded in Zhongshan Temple.
Note: The first word is divided into the sixth and seventh words, and the second and third words are merged into the fourth word.
Zhang Longgong, riding a strange horse, fighting alone.
Married a daughter, conceived a child, and gave birth to a male niece.
Walking through the three fasting stones in Qiao Lei;
Separate the way out, two mountains.
Look at the wood on the door.
Si Shin Kuhn Ueda
Or, like a garden, drag Yuan out to return to China.
Yu Lidao couldn't help looking back at the future.
There is less water and sand.
It is made of earth embankment.
Eight knives and half powder
Thousands of miles of money
Ancient prose was written by an old friend.
(Express ambition) Express ambition and be a scholar's heart.
Two people sitting on the ground.
January is bright and beautiful.
Hong is a riverside bird.
Silkworm is a world worm.
The freezing rain sprinkled people at two o'clock in the east and three o'clock in the west.
Divide customers.
Said by: Tao Zi, a native of Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu), was a writer in the Ming Dynasty.
Unpack the words "frozen" and "sprinkled" in the first couplet.
Unpack the word "cut" and "divide" in the upper part.
The world's mouth and mouth are determined to swallow Wu.
Among them, the border king of Wang Ren intends to be in full power.
Note: The word "swallowing arms" was disassembled in the first part.
The second part dismantled the word "full-time".
An unclear opening will split in two.
Twenty heads will be cut off with eight knives.
Note: The word "Ding" was disassembled from the upper part.
Disassemble the word "fen" in the next couplet.
Feng tamed Feng tamed the five princes.
One person in Iraq is Yin, and none in Yi Yin is Yuan.
Note: Feng Xun is disassembled in the first part of this series.
Disassemble the second "One Tone".
Beads are hung on the wall. You said Wang Jia, Julian and Jia Lian.
Do I care when I give birth in the middle of the night?
Note: Remove the "bead" from the upper part.
Open the "children" in the next couplet.
People used to be monks and can become buddhas.
A woman is as humble as a handmaid and can be called a slave.
Note: In Shanghai, "Man Zeng" is a monk and "Fu Man" is a Buddha.
Jointly, "female inferiority" is a servant and "female inferiority" is a slave.
Three women are traitors, and two women start with one woman.
Five umbrella villains rely on adults.
Note: The "three women" in the first part of the League are traitors.
Unite "five people" as an umbrella.
Five people * * * umbrella villain all battle adults cover.
The four ports are the same as the figure, and the inner port comes from the outer port tube.
Ten people think about their country, their home and their country.
Eight eyes still enjoy the wind, the moon and the autumn fragrance
Note: I was thinking of "Ten Hearts".
Under the joint "eight eyes are still" as a reward.
The sun produces bright characters in the eastern moon and the western sky.
Children live on the right and women live on the left.
Note: The combination of "Sun and Moon" is bright.
It is better to unite with children.
Qiao Nv naturally hates rouge, chewing gum and face.
Brother Zhi is Wu He's old copper and iron dart front.
Monks from various monasteries returned to worship the four-dimensional arhat with their hands.
The wooden door is idle, and the peaks and valleys come from two mountains.
Note: The "Bamboo Temple" in the upper couplet is flat, the "hand" is worship, and the "four dimensions" are Luo.
The bottom line "wooden door" is idle, "two mountains" are out, and the "size" is sharp.
Four-dimensional giggle and ride
The speaker is a pig, the pig is the former pig, and the pig is the latter pig.
Note: The "four dimensions" in the first part of the couplet are Luo, and the "Kyle" is Luo.
Under the alliance, the "speaker" is all, and the "jackal" is a pig.
An inch of land is a temple, and there are poems beside it. The poem says: The moon sends monks back to the ancient temple.
Shuang Mu is a forest. Forests are forbidden, and so are clouds.
Note: "inch of land" is a temple, and "word temple" is a poem.
Combined with "Shuang Mu" for the forest, "Lin Shi" for the ban.
Crystal word three days, when there will be no day, day bika, 36 thousand days in a hundred years.
There are three mouths to taste, so you should keep your mouth shut and advise you to have a glass of wine.
Note: "Crystal" has been taken apart.
Disassemble the next part of the "goods".
The sun and the moon are bright and faint, the mountain breeze is blue, the stone skin is still firm, and the ancient wood is immortal.
When can people come? If you are thousands of miles away, you will always say goodbye to the Yellow Crane, and your ambition has not been realized.
Note: The first part is "Ming", "Lan", "Duan" and "Gan".
Combine "harmony", "emphasis", "courage" and "wisdom"
Ruan Yuan was a college student in the middle of Qing Dynasty. He was born in Yizheng, Jiangsu. Daoguang served as Governor Yungui for six years (1826). One year he went to Beijing to take an exam, and when he arrived in Beijing, the exam period had passed. When the examiner saw his name, he took his name as the first part to get the correct answer, and Ruan Yuan immediately told Yi Yin (the sage of Shang Dynasty). The examiner recorded that he was a Jinshi.
Overlapping grids:
Stop line by line.
What's wrong with sitting?
From: Nanyunshan Temple in Changyang, Zhejiang.
There is a gorgeous watch on it.
There is a great world under the sun.
Author: Chi Jian comes from Yimen, Yishan, Zouxian County, Shandong Province.
Tickle, tickle, tickle, tickle, tickle, tickle-shush
Life and death, death and life, life and death, death and life, death and life, Mr. Die first, Mr. Die first-Li Tiaoyuan
Yingying is green and red, and it is melting everywhere.
Ups and downs, flowers and plants, year after year
Author: Send dust from: Shanghai Yuyuan Garden flower bed.
Twists and turns, back and forth, flowers and leaves, mountains and water, everyone likes to be happy and look around.
Every year, every day, the wind and rain, Yingying Yanyan, think about coming and going, often green and red.
Author: Mu Shouqi from: Yangyuan, Lanzhou, Gansu.
High in the tree, ding-dong, ding-dong, spring.
A winding ring road with overlapping mountains
Green, green and red everywhere, Yingying Yanyan.
Flowers, plants and grass are in the morning and evening.
From: Hangzhou West Lake Alliance.
Xiu Xiu is everywhere.
Rain or shine, always be curious.
From: Hangzhou Qing Palace Garden Pavilion and Column Alliance.
Overlapping mountain roads meander.
Ding Ding's winter spring is high and the trees are low.
From: Hangzhou Jiuqu Shijian Road Pavilion.
There are many happy events every year, many happy events every year, and a bumper harvest every year.
Laughing, laughing, laughing, good news spread frequently.
Ups and downs, self-knowledge, looking around.
Yingying Yanyan, it is a matter of time before there are flowers and leaves.
From: Suzhou Netscape Alliance.
Paw, paw, paw, paw, paw, paw to Longmen three waves.
Sing, sing, sing, sing the songs of Ji Xian Seven Sisters.
Compound word case
Repeat one or several words many times according to certain rules.