Caspar David Friedrich (1774- 1840) was an early romantic landscape painter in Germany. 1794 ~ 1798 studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen. 18 16 has been teaching in Dresden college so far. His works often have a cold and illusory mood and mysterious religious atmosphere. His main works are Cross on the Mountain (1807), Monastery Ruins in Snow (18 10), Two People Watching the Moon (18 19), and Shipwreck in Glacier (.
Chinese name: Caspar David Friedrich
mbth:caspardavifriedrich
Nationality: Germany
Place of birth: Port Graveswold, Germany
Date of birth:1September 5, 774
Date of death:1May 7, 840
Occupation: painter
Graduate school: Academy of Fine Arts, Copenhagen
Faith: I believe in Protestantism and am a devout believer.
Main achievements: His landscape paintings are synonymous with romanticism today.
Masterpieces: Shipwreck in Glacier, Monastery in Oak Forest, Friar by the Sea, Giant Mountain, Shipwreck in Arctic Ice Sea and Sailing Boat.
Representative works: travelers in the sea of clouds, watching the moon rise by the sea.
biography
Caspar David Friedrich (1774- 1840), a great German romantic painter, was born in Graveswold, German Ports on September 5th, 774. He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen in his early years and then settled in Dresden.
There, he lived a quiet life and sometimes traveled to the mountains and lakes of Bohemia. Sad introspection, like to rely on their own meditation to stimulate creative inspiration. He once said, "When you close your physical eyes, you can observe your painting with your mental eyes for the first time." He began to draw landscapes with a pencil, and it was not until 1807 that he began to create oil paintings.
His subjects have opened up new fields of landscape painting and discovered new nature that people have never discovered: endless oceans or mountains, snow-covered mountains, and sunlight or moonlight shining on them. He seldom uses religious images, but landscape paintings convey lofty spiritual strength. With the rise of symbolism in the late19th century, his art was highly praised by people.
His landscape paintings are synonymous with romanticism today. For him, the key is not to copy mechanically, but to create freely and express what words can't express through "color and shape" Friedrich lived in Dresden, known as the "romantic suburb" in the19th century. Writers Novalis, jean paul and raiguel maintained friendly relations with him. It was a hundred years after his death that his landscape paintings were widely recognized. The retrospective exhibition of his works held at home and abroad is the most visited exhibition today.
Friedrich had plenty of food and clothing in his early years, especially during the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. Due to the obstruction of trade, the price of local soap soared, which affected the lives of others, and the Friedrich family earned a lot of money. At that time, when he was studying art, he was completely unaffected by the embarrassment of life. He should have shown his joy in art, but the fact is that as early as his 7-year-old mother died, he suffered one misfortune after another. More than 65,438+0 years after her mother died, her sister Elizabeth also died. Five years later, her brother Christopher was killed in a skiing event. The direct reason is that her brother died to save Friedrich from drowning.
179 1 year, his other sister died unfortunately. This series of life tragedies left a strong shadow in his mind and had a far-reaching impact on his later artistic creation. Perhaps, in addition to the worship of nature in his works, his pessimism about the smallness and helplessness of people facing nature also comes from this.
In addition, Friedrich's family believes in Protestantism and is a devout believer, emphasizing introspection. He is also influenced by his family. As early as the age of fifteen or sixteen, he expressed the content of social education in his article. This influence is reflected in the mysterious religious atmosphere in his paintings, which is particularly prominent in The Friar by the Sea.
Friedrich went to Copenhagen Art Institute to study when he was 20 years old. He was deeply influenced by Professor Nicolas Casey abir Degas, and laid a quiet and anxious artistic atmosphere.
1798 In the spring, he moved to Dresden. Although Dresden is not very prosperous, when there are scenic spots in the Elbe River valley, there is a strong artistic atmosphere here, because there is an art college that attracts artists. From this time to 1808, Friedrich's painting style was formed. His Bohemian altar oil painting "Cross on the Mountain" exhibited in 1807 marked the maturity of his style. He basically bid farewell to monochrome painting and appreciated the charm of color and light.
He often uses his sketches of natural scenery for highly personal interpretation. At first glance, his paintings seem ordinary, but if you look closely, you will find extremely rich and strange connotations. His artistic thoughts are related to German national feelings and religious beliefs. This period coincided with Napoleon's war in Germany. Although his works are rich in color, they are not happy but pessimistic.
He believes that geographical environment is very important to the formation of a nation's character, and natural conditions will also affect people's cultural characteristics. The different natural environment in each region will make people smell different, and each nation is only suitable for living in its own land. So he traveled and sketched all his life in Germany, especially in the central and northern parts, because his hometown is here. He and Blake have something in common. They all have strong idealism, but they all have strong national feelings and humanitarian spirit, which is the essence of their works.
Friedrich's golden age began at 18 10. This year, he exhibited "The Friar by the Sea" and "The Abbey in the Oak Forest" at the Berlin Academy of Fine Arts, which shocked the audience. These two paintings are a sign that his art is further mature and that his emotional tone allows him to sink.
18 16, Dresden art institute elected him as an academician of the institute, which showed that his art was recognized, and his restless heart finally stabilized and began to sell paintings.
18 18, he married Christian Carolyn Bummer, and since then, his paintings have been warmer.
18 10- 1834 was Friedrich's golden age. By 1835, I was paralyzed by a stroke, and I never painted oil paintings again, just some small ink murals. The contents of these paintings directly depict the topics of death and eternity, such as crows, owls, cemeteries, coffins, crosses and so on.
1840 On May 7th, Friedrich died in Dresden.
He was soon forgotten after his death, and his artistic achievements were rarely affirmed. It was not until the beginning of the 20th century that it once again attracted the attention of the art world. Most of Friedrich's works are collected by Dresden Museum and University.
1In September, 1985, several of his representative works were exhibited at the19th Century German Art Exhibition held in Beijing, China.
representative works
Friedrich's representative works include Cross on the Mountain completed by 1807, Monastery in Oak Forest and Friar by the Sea exhibited by 18 107, Traveler in the Sea of Clouds completed by 18 15, and/kloc. 1818-1819, that is, on a sailboat, 182 1- 1822, Moonlight by the Sea, of which the most representative one shows
As an artist, his main interest is to feel the nature, and he often conveys his subjective and emotional response to the natural world through symbolic and unconventional works.
In the1920s, his paintings were rediscovered by expressionists.
In the1930s and early1940s, surrealists and existentialists often drew inspiration from his paintings.
Appreciation of Friedrich's works: