Flowers can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. In a narrow sense, flowers refer to herbs with ornamental value. Such as impatiens, chrysanthemums, a bunch of safflower, cockscomb and so on. ; Flowers in a broad sense include herbs or woody ground cover plants, flowering shrubs, flowering trees and bonsai. Ground cover plants such as Ophiopogon japonicus, Sedum alfredii, etc.; Trees and shrubs, such as plum blossom, peach blossom, rose and camellia. In addition, the tall trees and shrubs distributed in the south have been moved to the cold areas in the north, and they can only be used as greenhouse potted plants, such as Prynne, Hevea brasiliensis, Palmae plants, and also included in flowers in a broad sense.

Classification of flowers

There are many kinds of flowers, not only flowering plants, but also mosses and ferns. Its cultivation and application methods are also varied. Therefore, there are many kinds of classification methods of flowers because of different basis.

Classification according to ecological habits

This classification method is based on the lifestyle and ecological habits of flowers and plants, and is the most widely used.

Outdoor flowers and plants

Is to complete the whole growth process under natural conditions, unprotected culture. Open-field flowers can be divided into three categories according to their life history.

1. Annual flowers.

A plant that completes its life cycle during the growing season. That is, from sowing to flowering, fruiting and dying are all completed in one growing season. Generally, spring sowing, summer and autumn growth, flowering and fruiting, and then withering, so annual flowers are also called spring sowing flowers. Such as impatiens, cockscomb, zinnia, Scutellaria barbata, marigold and so on.

2. Biennial flowers.

Flowers that complete their life cycle in two growing seasons. In those days, only vegetative organs grew, but after years, they blossomed, bore fruit and died. This kind of flower is usually sown in autumn and blooms in the following spring. Therefore, this kind of flower is often called autumn sowing flower. Such as colored carnations, violets, kale, chrysanthemums, etc.

3. Perennial flowers.

Individuals who live for more than two years can blossom and bear fruit many times. According to the morphological changes of underground parts, they can be divided into two categories:

(1) Perennial flowers: the underground part is normal in shape and does not deteriorate. Such as peony, Hosta, Hemerocallis, etc.

⑵ Bulb flower: The underground part is abnormal and hypertrophy. According to its abnormal shape, it can be divided into the following five categories.

①: Bulbs and underground stems are fish scales. Bulbs covered with paper are called bulbs with balls, such as daffodils, tulips and Zhu Dinghong. Scales without shells are called skinless bulbs, such as lilies.

②: light bulb. The underground stem is spherical or oblate, with a leather skin outside. Such as gladiolus and vanilla.

③: Rootstock. Underground stems are plump and rootlike, with obvious nodes on them, and new buds grow at the top of branches, such as canna, lotus, water lily and Hosta.

④: Tubers. Underground stems are irregular blocks or strips, such as calla lily, cyclamen, Erythrina grandiflora, tuberose, etc.

⑤: Root class. The underground taproot is thick, and the root system is born from the end of the taproot, such as Dahlia.

4. Aquatic flowers

Flowers that grow in water or marshes, such as water lilies and lotus flowers.

5. Rock flowers and plants

It refers to flowers with strong drought tolerance and suitable for cultivation in rock gardens. Often used in gardens. Generally, it is perennial or woody semi-shrub, and there are also some wet flowers such as ferns. Garden flower planting and cultivation

Greenhouse flowers and plants

Refers to flowers native to tropical, subtropical and southern warm areas. Cultivation in northern cold areas must be carried out in greenhouses, otherwise it needs to be protected in greenhouses in winter. Can be divided into the following categories:

1. Annual or biennial flowers. Such as Guayeju, calceolaria, sweet pea, etc.

Perennial flowers. Such as Gerbera jamesonii and Clivia.

3. Bulb flowers. Such as cyclamen, Zhu Dinghong, Erythrina macrophylla, calla lily, cauliflower taro, etc.

4. Orchidaceae plants can be divided into:

(1) Terrestrial orchids: such as Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum and so on.

Flowers and plants

(2) Epiphytic orchids: such as Dendrobium, Vanilla, Paphiopedilum, etc.

5. succulent plants: refers to plants with developed water storage tissues in stems and leaves, which are stout, juicy and deformed. Including cactus, Sedum, Euphorbiaceae, Compositae, Bromeliaceae, Agavaceae and other plants.

Ferns. According to the different viewing methods, it can be divided into the following four categories:

(1) landscaping ferns. Such as Cuiyuncao and Alsophila spinulosa. Among them, Alsophila spinulosa, also known as tree fern, is the largest fern, with a height exceeding 10 meter. It is an ancient group, an endangered species in China and a national first-class protected plant. In addition, Sophora japonica and Manjianghong are good materials for water surface greening.

⑵ potted foliage ferns. Such as lycopodium, black fern, Pteris vittata, Adiantum, etc. Among them, Lycopodium japonicum, Dryopteris nephrolepis and Pteris ferrugineus are important materials for matching leaves of cut flowers.

(3) hanging ferns. Such as kidney fern, nest fern and so on.

(4) Pteridophytes in rock bonsai. Such as Selaginella and fern. Among them, the small fern is the smallest fern, only a few centimeters in size.

7. Insectivorous plants. Such as Nepenthes, Nepenthes, etc. In some cut flower art, it is often used as an artistic flower arrangement material.

⒏ Plants of Pyraceae. Such as water hyacinth and pineapple.

Pet-name ruby plants. Such as mallow, brown bamboo, pocket coconut and other foliage flowers.

10. Flowers and trees include poinsettia and deciduous trees.

1 1. Wang Lian, tropical water lilies and other aquatic flowers.

Classification by garden use

1. Flower beds

Refers to the annual or biennial open flowers that can be used to decorate flower beds. For example, pansies and carnations in full bloom in spring; In summer, impatiens and daisies are often planted in flower beds. Choose a bunch of safflower, marigold, September chrysanthemum, etc. Autumn; Kale can be properly arranged in flower beds in winter.

2. Potted flowers

It is a potted flower that decorates indoor and garden in the form of potted plants. Such as papaya begonia, hibiscus, asparagus, poinsettia, kumquat and so on.

3. Indoor flowers and plants

It refers to a flower in the dark reaction process of photosynthesis through C4 pathway. General foliage plants can be used as indoor ornamental flowers. Such as rich trees, brazilwood, hulk, green baskets, colored corn, etc.

to cut flowers out of paper

(1) Perennial roots: such as Gerbera jamesonii, gypsophila paniculata and streptavidin.

(2) Bulbs: lily, tulip, calla lily, vanilla, etc.

⑶ Woody cut flowers: such as peach blossom, plum blossom, peony, rose, rose, etc.

5. foliage flowers

Mainly according to the viewing position. Such as Hulk, Cycas, ferns and so on.

6. Shading greenhouse flowers

In garden design, flowers grow in the shade of pavilions. Ophiopogon japonicus, safflower and fern can all be used as shade flowers.

7. Positive flowers

Flowers that need enough sunshine to bloom are called sunny flowers. Flowers in Xiyang are suitable for growing in full light and strong light. If the light is insufficient, it will grow poorly, bloom late or not, the color is not fresh, and the aroma is not strong. Like positive flowers, such as:

(1) Spring flowers: plum blossom, daffodil, spring flower, peach blossom, White, magnolia grandiflora, Qionghua, begonia, papaya, begonia, peony, clove, rose, bauhinia, brocade, forsythia, yellow heart, blueberry, cyclamen, hyacinthus orientalis, tulip, etc.

(2) Summer and autumn flowers: Bai Yuhua, jasmine, Milan, Murraya murraya, woody cordate telosma, osmanthus fragrans, Magnolia grandiflora, hibiscus, Lagerstroemia indica, oleander, triangle flower, pineapple flower, snow flower, dahlia, colorful plum, canna, sunflower, hollyhock, hibiscus, frangipani, safflower.

(3) Winter flowers: Chimonanthus praecox, poinsettia, silver willow, tea plum, freesia, etc.

(4) Fruit trees: Mengshan papaya, ginkgo, pomegranate, kumquat, orange, grape, loquat, jujube, persimmon, kiwi, fig, Keke, pyracantha, winter coral, etc.

(5) Lianas: Wisteria, Lingxiao, Rosa davurica, Radix Aucklandiae, Flos Lonicerae, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Petunia, Dill, etc.

(6) Leaf-watching tree species: Pinus quinquefolius, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Pinus sylvestris, Cedar, Sabina vulgaris, Willow, Tamarix chinensis, Acer truncatum, Buxus macrophylla, Rubber tree, Cycas, Dracaena draconis, Plantago, miscellaneous wood, yellow croaker, colored grass, etc.

(7) succulents: cactus, triangle leaf, cactus, fairy mountain, gem flower, fluffy palm, etc.

Classification by economic use

1. Medicinal flowers

Such as peony, peony, platycodon grandiflorum, Petunia, Ophiopogon japonicus, Celosia cristata, Impatiens balsamina, Lily, Fritillaria, Dendrobium and so on are all important medicinal plants. In addition, honeysuckle, chrysanthemum and lotus are all common Chinese herbal medicines.

2. Spice flowers

Fragrant flowers are widely used in food and light industry. For example, Osmanthus fragrans can be used as edible spice and wine-making, Jasmine and Prynne can be used to smoke tea, Chrysanthemum can be used to make high-end food and dishes, and Prynne, Rose, Narcissus and Chimonanthus praecox can be used to extract essence. Among them, rose oil extracted from roses is called "liquid gold" in the international market, and its value is more expensive than gold. Only one rose bud is worth 6 cents in the market.

3. Edible flowers

Eat directly with flowers or flower leaves. Such as lily, can be eaten as cut flowers; Chrysanthemum brain and day lily can be used as young crops and can be eaten.

According to the origin of flowers.

Climate type

Climate types in China

Also known as the climate type on the east coast of the mainland. Due to the different temperatures in winter, this climate type can be divided into warm type and cold type:

1. Warm type (low latitude area) such as: Chinese narcissus, China Dianthus, camellia, rhododendron, lily, etc.

2. Cold regions (high latitudes) such as chrysanthemum, peony, purse peony and begonia.

European climate types

Also known as the climate type on the west coast of the mainland, such as pansy, daisy, kale, violet and so on. This kind of flower is usually cultivated once every two years in our area, that is, sowing in summer and autumn, and flowering in the following spring.

Three Mediterranean climate types

Because of the dry summer climate in these areas, perennial flowers often form bulbs. Such as: hyacinthus orientalis, freesia, tulip, cyclamen, oxalis, etc.

Mexican climate type, also known as tropical plateau climate type, is found in tropical and subtropical alpine areas. Yunnan province in China also belongs to this type. Its original flowers are: Dahlia, Poinsettia, Marigold, Yunnan Camellia, Rose and so on.

5. Tropical flowers in tropical climate need to be cultivated in temperate greenhouse, and annual grass flowers can be cultivated in the open field during frost-free period:

1. The famous tropical flowers originating in Asia, Africa and Oceania are: Celosia cristata, Sanskrit, colored grass, variable leaf wood, etc.

2. The famous tropical flowers native to Central America and South America are: candles, periwinkle, canna, Petunia, etc.

Six types of desert climate

Most of these areas are barren deserts, mainly succulent plants.

1. Aloe vera. The varieties planted in the Science Park of Shuyang Agriculture and Forestry Bureau mainly include Cura? ao, Stripe, Muli, Yuanjiang and soap.

2. cactus. There are two kinds of common cactus: ornamental cactus and edible cactus.

3. bachelor tree. Also known as Green Yushu. Native to tropical South Africa, it can be cultivated in the southwest and south China.

4. Tequila. Sisal, a common greening tree species, belongs to the same genus.

Climatic types of seven cold zones

Mainly distributed in Alaska and Siberia. The climate in these areas is long and cold in winter and short and cool in summer. The growth period of plants is only 2-3 months. Because of this climate, in summer, the day is windy, the plants are low and grow slowly, and mats are often formed. The main flowers are: Lilium tenuifolium, Gentiana scabra and Saussurea involucrata.

Classification by natural distribution

It is divided into tropical flowers, temperate flowers, cold flowers, alpine flowers, aquatic flowers, rock flowers and desert flowers.

There are two definitions of "flower": narrow and broad. In a narrow sense, "flowers" refer to herbs with ornamental value, such as chrysanthemums and impatiens. "Flowers" in a broad sense refers to all plants whose flowers, stems, leaves, fruits or roots have ornamental value in shape or color. So flowers in a broad sense include not only herbs, but also trees, shrubs, vines and ground cover plants.

Classification according to the amount of water needed.

Drought-tolerant flowers: such as cactus, Sedum, Yushu, lotus, serpentine, aloe and Portulaca grandiflora. These flowers adapt to the dry and hot growing environment, their leaves are often abnormal, and some even degenerate, and they have the structure of storing water in their bodies, so they can withstand drought. Water must be less, master the principle of "dry but not wet", and keep the soil dry, otherwise it will easily lead to the decay of organs such as roots or stems, and even lead to death in serious cases.

Semi-drought-tolerant flowers: such as plum blossom, camellia, rhododendron, wintersweet, geranium, asparagus, pine and cypress, etc. The leaves of these flowers and plants are mostly herbaceous or waxy, or the branches and leaves are needle-shaped. When watering, we should master the principle of "dry thoroughly and thoroughly", that is, the surface of the basin soil is completely dry before watering thoroughly.

Mesomorphic flowers: Most kinds of flowers belong to this type. Such as pomegranate, rose, jasmine, hibiscus, Milan, Helan, Clivia, ornamental bamboo, biennial flowers, perennial flowers and so on. They grow well in wet soil, but not well in too wet or too dry soil, so we should master the principle of "seeing dry and seeing wet" when watering. The so-called "seeing dry" means watering when the surface soil color of the basin becomes lighter; "Seeing wet" means that every time you water, you just pour all the soil thoroughly, and you can't pour it into "half water" that is wet and dry. This watering method can not only meet the water needed for the growth and development of this kind of flowers, but also ensure the oxygen needed for root respiration, which is conducive to the vigorous growth of flowers.

Wet flowers: such as Guangdong evergreen, Cyperus alterniflora, calla lily, Saxifraga, Artemisia capillaris, bamboo, ornamental ferns, etc. They require a lot of water in their growing environment in order to grow and develop well. Therefore, we should master the principle of "wet rather than dry" when watering, but we should not accumulate water, otherwise the branches and leaves will often wither and cause harm.

Aquatic flowers: such as lotus, water lily, water hyacinth, etc. Their roots or stems must be in water to survive, so we must create conditions to meet their requirements.

Classification according to biological characteristics

Different flowers have different biological characteristics. They also have different requirements for environmental conditions such as light, temperature and humidity. According to these differences, it is customary to divide flower people into the following four types.

First, the flowers of positive love and negative tolerance.

(1) Most flowers like Chinese rose, jasmine and pomegranate. This kind of flower that needs plenty of sunshine is called western flower. If the light is insufficient, the growth will be poor, the development will be late or not, the color will not be fresh, and the fragrance will not be strong.

(2) Negative-tolerant flowers, such as Hosta, Hydrangea, Rhododendron, etc., can grow well with only weak scattered light, which is called negative-tolerant flowers. If they are often exposed to the sun, they will not grow and develop successfully.

2. Cold-tolerant and warm-loving flowers

(1) Cold-tolerant flowers, such as Chinese rose, calendula, carnation, pomegranate, etc. Generally, it can tolerate short-term low temperature of -3-5℃ and can overwinter outdoors in winter.

According to Buddhist legend, canna is the blood flowing from Buddha's toes.

(2) Warm-loving flowers, such as Dahlia, Canna, Jasmine and Begonia. Generally, it needs to grow normally under the humidity of 15-30℃, and it is not resistant to low temperature, so it needs to overwinter indoors at higher temperature in winter.

Three, long sunshine, short sunshine and neutral flowers

(1) Long-day flowers, such as hydrangea and chrysanthemum, need sunshine for more than 12 hours every day, so they are called long-day flowers. If the requirements of this specific condition cannot be met, it will not be developed now.

(2) Short-day flowers, such as chrysanthemums and bunches of safflower, need sunshine within 12 hours every day and can develop after a period of time. If the sunshine lasts too long, it will be underdeveloped now.

(3) Neutral flowers, such as geranium, carnation, begonia, rose, etc. It is insensitive to the length of sunshine every day and will develop normally under long and short sunshine, which is called neutral flower.

Aquatic, xerophytic and soil-moistening flowers

(1) Aquatic flowers, like water lilies, must live in water to grow normally for education. They are called aquatic flowers.

However, due to the development of science and technology, hydroponic flowers appear in China market and are developing. Hydroponic flowers are a new generation of high-tech agricultural projects that adopt modern bioengineering technology and adopt physical, chemical and bioengineering means to domesticate ordinary plants and flowers so that they can grow in water for a long time. Hydroponic flowers, with fragrant flowers above and fish below, are hygienic, environmentally friendly and save trouble, so hydroponic flowers are also called "lazy flowers".

(2) xerophytic flowers, such as cactus and Sedum, can grow normally with little water, which is called xerophytic flowers.

(3) Soil-moistening flowers Most flowers, such as rose, gardenia, osmanthus, dahlia, carnation, etc., are required to grow in soil with high humidity and good drainage, and are called soil-moistening flowers. During the growing period, soil-moistening flowers consume a lot of water every day, so we must pay attention to replenish water to the soil in time to keep it moist.