Introduction of works

"Entering the wine" was originally the tune of the piccolo and cymbal songs in Han Yuefu, which belonged to the old name of "advocating cymbal songs" in Han Yuefu. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai followed the classical Yuefu style and wrote Jiang Jin Jiu, which had the greatest influence. This poem was written by Li Bai after his return to Chang 'an, with profound ideological content and mature artistic expression. Poetry originated in the Yellow River, and its emotional development is as turbulent as the water of the Yellow River, which is difficult to grasp. The whole article talks about drinking. Literally, the poet is advocating binge drinking. The poem uses a positive appreciation attitude and heroic momentum to write about drinking, which is magnificent and does have some negative effects, but it reflects that the poet could not find an effective weapon against the dark forces at that time. Wine is a stimulant for his personal resistance. With wine, it seems that he has the strength of hordes, but wine is also his mental anesthetic, which makes him unable to actively resist in indulgence, which shows the limitations of the times and classes. The disillusionment of the ideal is caused by the dark society, and the poet is powerless to change it, so he turns the rising anger into a bold act of enjoyment, vents his dissatisfaction, dispels his worries and resists reality. This poem expresses the author's lament about his lack of talent, optimism and understanding, and also reveals the negative emotion that life should be carpe diem. The whole poem is full of lofty sentiments, magnificent momentum and outstanding artistic achievements.

original text

Jinjin wine (1)

Have you seen how the water of the Yellow River enters the ocean from heaven and never returns?

Did you see that in the bright mirror of the high room, lovely hair, though still silky black in the morning, turned into snow at night?

Oh, let a brave man take risks in his favorite place, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty! .

Since God has given talents, let them be used! As for the money, although it is scattered, it will get together again.

Cook a sheep, kill a cow, sharpen my appetite, and let me, 300 bowls, take a big drink! (5).

Master Cen, Mr. Dan Qiusheng [6], can drink, but don't give up drinking [7].

Let me sing you a song! Yes, please listen to me.

What are bells and drums, delicacies and treasures? If I were drunk, I would never wake up.

Ancient sober people and sages were forgotten, and only great drinkers can be immortalized.

At a banquet in Zhishan Palace, Prince Chen bought a barrel of wine with ten thousand coppers, which made everyone laugh.

Why do you say, my master, your money is gone? [13], go buy wine, let's drink together! [ 14].

Carrie's horse and money, give them to that boy to exchange for good wine, and I will sell them for eternal sorrow.

To annotate ...

⑴ Drinking: an old topic in Yuefu. Will (qiāng): Please.

You didn't see it: a kind of boast commonly used in Yuefu. Falling from the sky: The Yellow River originated in Qinghai, hence its name because of its extremely high terrain.

(3) Gaotang: a tall hall. Qingsi: Black hair. I was sad to see my white hair in the mirror of Gaotang.

(4) complacency: when you are happy.

(5) meet the demand: exactly.

[6] Master Cen: Cen Xun. Shan Qiusheng: Yuan Danqiu. They are both friends of Li Bai.

(7) Don't stop drinking: Write "Don't stop drinking".

Jun: For you, for you. Jun refers to Cen and Yuan.

Raise your ears: one is to "give ear".

Bell and drum: an instrument used to play music at banquets of wealthy families. Jade seal: Describe food as beautiful as jade.

⑾ Don't wake up: There are also versions of "Don't wake up" or "Don't want to wake up".

⑿: refers to Chen, and Cao Zhi. Pingle: Guan Ming. Outside the west gate of Luoyang, it is an entertainment place for the rich and powerful in the Han Dynasty. Arbitrariness: Indulge in arbitrariness. X: Drama.

[13] Talking less about money: one is "talking less about money".

[14] Shu Jing: Simply put, take care. Sell: buy.

⒂ Galla chinensis: refers to precious horses. When it comes to the color of the coat, there are five patterns. When it comes to the long hair on the neck, it is trimmed into five petals.

[13] er: you. Pin: same as "cancel".

⒄ It is also called "Let me get drunk forever and lose my mind forever!" .

Vernacular translation

Didn't you see that the water of the Yellow River fell from the sky, and the waves rolled straight into the East China Sea and never returned?

Can't you see your elderly parents sighing in front of the mirror about their white hair? They still have black hair in the morning, but how can they turn white at night?

When you are proud of your life, you should be immersed in joy.

Don't let this golden cup empty the bright moon.

Everyone's birth must have its own value and significance. With a stroke of the pen, gold can still be recovered.

Let's have fun cooking sheep and slaughtering cattle. It's not too much to drink three hundred cups at a time!

Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng! Drink it quickly! Do not stop.

Let me sing a song for you, please listen to me carefully:

What is precious about the luxurious life of eating delicacies all day? I just want to stay drunk.

Since ancient times, sages have been deserted and lonely, and only those who can drink can leave a good reputation.

Do you know the optimistic story of Cao Zhi's banquet in Wang Chen? You also drank heavily when you were fighting for wine, which made the host and guest have a good time.

Master, why do you say there is not much money? Just buy wine and we'll drink it together.

Call your children out and let them change wine. Let's get rid of this endless sadness!

Creation background

There are different opinions about the writing time of this poem. Huang Xixuan's Chronicle of Li Taibai was compiled in the 11th year of Tianbao (752). It is generally believed that this is what Li Bai did when he wandered between Liang and Song Dynasties and met his friends Cenxun and Yuan Danqiu after he left Beijing in Tianbao years.

In the early years of Tianbao of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai was recommended by Taoist wujun, and was accepted by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, ordering Li Bai to worship the Hanlin. Soon after, due to the remorse of the dignitaries, Li Bai was expelled from Beijing in Tianbao for three years (744), and Tang Xuanzong paid back the money. Since then, Li Bai has been wandering around the Jianghuai area, and his thoughts are extremely annoyed, and he has once again embarked on a long journey of traveling around the mountains and rivers of the motherland. When Li Bai wrote this poem, it was eight years since Li Bai was "given gold and returned" by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. During this period, Li Bai and his friend Cen Xun (Master Cen) were invited to Angelababy, another friend of Songshan, Yuan Danqiu. The three of them climbed the mountain, held a banquet and sang songs through wine. The poet was politically excluded and frustrated, and his ideal could not be realized. They often drown their sorrows in wine. The joy of life is nothing more than making friends at cocktail parties, and the author is at the moment of "using the talents of the world without meeting each other", so he is full of untimely drinking to drown his sorrows.

Make an appreciative comment

This poem vividly shows Li Bai's unruly character: on the one hand, he is full of confidence in himself and arrogant; On the one hand, after the twists and turns in the political future, it also shows the feeling of indulgence. In this poem, he interprets Zhuangzi's philosophy of happiness and shows contempt for wealth and sages. But in binge drinking, eating, drinking, and having fun, there is actually a feeling of natural failure. The whole poem is full of heroic momentum, unrestrained feelings, fluent language and strong appeal. Li Bai "used the topic to play", used wine to drown his sorrows and express his anger.

Time goes by, like a river entering the sea, which is gone forever; Life is too short to see the blue silk and snow in the morning and evening; The smallness of life seems to be an irreparable tragedy, and the only thing that can solve the worries is golden wine. This is Li Bai's sadness: sad but strong, sad but not hurt, extremely indignant and extremely bold. The table is lamenting that life is easy to get old, and the table is lamenting that talents are not met. There are two groups of long sentences at the beginning of the poem, which rush to the readers like a flood, with great momentum. "Didn't you see how the water of the Yellow River moved out of heaven and into the ocean, never to return?" Li Bai was in Yangying Mountain, not far from the Yellow River, and he climbed very high, so he used the Yellow River to amuse himself. The Yellow River has a long history and a great gap, such as falling from the sky, spilling thousands of miles and entering the sea eastward. The grandeur of the scene is invisible to the naked eye, so this situation is Li Bai's fantasy, "following the Tao" and exaggerating the words. The last sentence says that the coming of the big river is unstoppable; The next sentence says that the river is gone and irreversible. One rises and one disappears, forming a breath, which is not available in short sentences (such as "The Yellow River falls into the sky and returns to the East China Sea").

Then, "you didn't see the lovely hair in the bright mirror of the high room, although it was silky black in the morning and turned into snow at night" is like a turbulent wave. The first two sentences exaggerate the space category, and these two sentences exaggerate the time category. Sigh that life is short; He did not directly say that a person's sad life is short, and people will get old one day, but that "the mirror on the shelf is so cute", showing a helpless modality. Describing the whole process of life from youth to aging as "facing the sun" and "dusk" is a kind of "reverse" exaggeration, which makes the original short-lived things shorter than the previous two sentences and makes the original strong waves stronger. Therefore, the first group of parallel long sentences has both comparative significance-saying that life is fleeting and the river is gone forever, which has a comparative effect; With the greatness and eternity of the Yellow River, life is small and fragile. This beginning can be said to be extremely sad, but it is not delicate. It can be said that it is a giant sadness with thrilling artistic power, and it is also caused by the sense of momentum at the beginning of long sentences. This opening technique is commonly used by the author, such as "I had to throw Bolt and me away from yesterday;": Today it hurts my heart even more "("A farewell letter to Xie Tiao Tower in Xuancheng "), Shen Deqian said:" This body is too white and self-centered ",which shows that it is quite original. This poem is a call for "not seeing you" (generally Yuefu poems are only used occasionally at the beginning or end of the article), which greatly enhances the emotional color of the poem. Poetry has the so-called big opening and closing, which can be described as big opening and closing.

"The husband of heaven and earth, the inverse of everything; Time flies, one hundred generations fly "(Preface to the Spring Banquet in Taoliyuan). Although sadness is inevitable, pessimism is not close to Li Bai's nature. In his view, as long as "life is proud", there is no regret and you should indulge in joy.

Five or six sentences are reversed, from "sadness" to "joy". From then on, until "the cup never stops", poetry gradually became wild. "When you reach your destiny, you don't worry when you are free. You can climb the stairs with wine" ("Song of Liangyuan"), and you can't eat, drink and be merry without wine. This is the topic. However, the sentence does not directly describe the contents of the cup, but uses the image language of "golden cup" and "opposite the moon" to highlight the metaphor and make drinking poetic; If you don't write directly, you will drink and party. Don't write directly, but use the double negative expressions of "don't make" and "empty", which is more focused. "Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he likes" seems to advocate the idea of "eat, drink and be merry", but it is only a phenomenon. The poet is in low spirits at this time. "When the phoenix first wrote purple mud, the emperor called it a royal banquet" ("Yu Hu Yin"), which was sent by the emperor to Beijing for a banquet, seemed to be proud, but it was just an illusion. Then go to "Feng will return home, there is no fish to eat, and Zhou Busi will bow to the princes and nobles and meet them" ("Difficult to Walk 2"). In ancient times, Feng Xuan was a guest of Meng Changjun. He felt that Meng Changjun was not polite to himself. At the beginning, he often played sword and sang, indicating that he would go back. Li Bai wants to "make friends with princes", but in Chang 'an, dignitaries don't take him seriously. Li Bai used Feng Xuan's allusions to describe his situation. At this time, I don't seem to be proud, but disappointed and indignant.

But not depressed. Therefore, the poet affirmed his life and himself in an optimistic and competitive tone: "God-given talent, let it go and hire!" This is a word that makes people applaud. "Useful" and "must" are confident, just like a person's value declaration, and this person-"I"-must be capitalized. Here, from the seemingly negative phenomenon, there is a hidden positive essential content that is eager to join the WTO. "One day, I will ride the wind and waves", and one day, he will realize his ideal. For such a future, it is nothing to spend money on drinking and singing. Spin a thousand silver coins and come back! ! This is another amazing word of high self-confidence, which can drive money instead of being made by it, which really surprises all ordinary people. Poetry is like a person, thinking that the poet "traveled in the past, not more than one year (less than one year), and scattered more than 300,000" ("Pei Chang Shang An Shi") is how heroic. Therefore, the lofty sentiments deeply embedded in the bones are by no means posturing.

The author describes a grand banquet in this style, which is by no means "Do you want one dish or two dishes?" Do you want a pot of wine or two pots? "But" cooking sheep and slaughtering cattle "from the beginning, and never stop until you drink" three hundred cups ". The banquet was filled with cheerful atmosphere.

At this time, wild feelings tend to climax and the melody of poetry accelerates. The poet's drunkenness, dazzled and fanatical, jumped to the page and suddenly made people feel as if they heard him loudly exhort wine: "Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng, drink, don't stop drinking!" The sudden addition of several short sentences not only changed the rhythm of poetry, but also forced Xiao to speak loudly. He is not only a bosom friend, but also a drinking opponent. Not only "get carried away", the poet even forgot that he was writing a poem, and the poem he wrote seemed to restore life. He also thought, "Let me sing you a song! Please listen to me. " The following eight sentences are songs in the poem. The idea is so strange that it is a stroke of genius.

"Zhong Gu Yu" means a rich life (when the rich people eat, the bells ring and the food is as beautiful as jade), but the poet thinks it is not expensive enough and declares that "I hope I will never wake up after being drunk". At this point, poetry has obviously changed from wild to angry. There are not only drunken ravings, but also drunken confessions. Taking "I" as a naturally useful talent should have been in the position of prime minister, but "the road is as wide as the sky, and there is no way out" ("Difficult to Walk"). To say that wealth is "not expensive enough" is out of indignation. The following words "It has existed since ancient times, and sages get carried away" are also angry words. Li Bai once lamented that "it is impossible to rule Ge alone" and claimed that he had the talent of Guan Zhong, but Zhuge Liang's wisdom was not believed, so he called the ancients "lonely" and at the same time showed that he was "lonely". So I'd rather be drunk than awake. Here, the poet poured his own bricks and tiles with ancient wine glasses.

When it comes to "only drinkers leave their names", he is represented by "Wang Chen" Cao Zhi. And with his "famous name", he said, "Go back to the banquet to have fun, and the wine fights ten thousand people." In ancient times, drunkards had a vivid image, preferring "Wang Chen", which was inseparable from Li Bai's conceit. In his mind, Xie An and other high-level figures set an example, and among these figures, "Wang Chen" is more associated with wine. This style of writing is consistent with the extremely confident tone mentioned above. Cao Zhi, a poet of the Three Kingdoms, described the banquet in Luoyang in Mingdu and said, "When you come back, the banquet is smooth and there are two thousand drinks." Cao Zhi is famous for his talent (Xie Lingyun, a writer in the Song Dynasty, said: "There is only one stone in the world, and there are eight fights in Cao Zijian. I also want to fight, and the world is divided into one fight." ), despite his sharp weapons and lofty aspirations, he was politically hit by his younger brother Wei Wudi Xelloss, and he was very depressed. Cao Zhi, the "Wang Chen", was suspected at the time of Pirui, and his ambition was hard to show, which also aroused the sympathy of the poet. Mention "ancient sages" and "Wang Chen" Cao Zhi, full of grievances. At first, this poem seems to involve only the feelings of life, but has no political color. In fact, the whole article is full of a deep and profound anxiety and self-belief. Poetry is so sad but not hurt, so sad and strong, which is rooted in this.

Just showing a little affection, I went back to talk about wine, and my interest was higher. The following poem is wild again,

And getting crazier and crazier. "Master, why do you say your money is missing?" Taking care of the phrase "1000 yuan has been spent", and pretending to be ups and downs, it leads to the last brave words: even if you spend 1000 yuan, you should not hesitate to take out precious treasures-"five-flowered horse" (a good horse with five patterns on its fur) and "golden autumn" for wine, so as to get drunk. The beauty of this ending lies not only in "Tiger" and "Jade", but also in a big tune; Moreover, it has an arbitrary mood that the author may not be aware of at the moment. You know, poets are just guests invited to drink by friends. At the moment, he is sitting in a high seat, bossing around, suggesting that he should be a horse, which makes people wonder who is the "master". Romantic color is extremely strong. Speak quickly, unless you are bold and considerate, you can't do this. Poetry is so wild at this point that it makes people cry. When you sing, you should "dance". Love is not over, poetry is over. Suddenly, another sentence "I will always sell my sadness" is related to the beginning "sadness", and the meaning of "forever sadness" is more profound. At the end of this "white clouds floating from the air and disappearing with the wind", it is obvious that the poet is surging and ups and downs. Throughout the whole article, it is really ups and downs, and it must be like a giant pen.

"Into the Wine" is not long, but it is full of five tones and extraordinary weather. It is full of pen and ink, sad and angry, wild and uninhibited, and its language is extremely bold and calm. Poetry has the momentum and strength to shock the ancient and modern times, which is of course related to exaggeration. For example, the poems repeatedly use huge numbers ("Thousands of Women", "300 Cups", "Fighting for Millions of Drinks", "Jubilee for Thousands of Years" and "Sorrow through the Ages") to express heroic poetic feelings, without giving people an empty and grandiose feeling. Its root lies in its rich and profound inner feelings and the bottom wine words. In addition, the whole article is full of ups and downs, and poetry suddenly unfolds, from sadness to joy, to madness, to anger, to madness, and finally to the song of everlasting regret, echoing the beginning of the article, such as the river running, magnificent, full of twists and turns, which can carry the tripod. There are some wonderful ways to write songs in his songs, as well as the wonderful method of "forgetting the pen and ink", which can neither be learned by deliberately describing and carving, nor can it be done hastily. The whole article is mainly composed of seven words, but it is "broken" by thirty or fifty words, which is extremely unbalanced and complicated; Poetry is mainly prose, but it is also interspersed with short sentences (such as "Cenfuzi, Dan Qiusheng", "Five Flowers Horse, Golden Ball Ball"), with changeable rhythm, unrestrained and difficult to flow.

Brief introduction of the author

Li Bai (70 1 ~ 762), whose name is Taibai, is a violet layman. He is the most unique and greatest romantic poet after Qu Yuan. He has the reputation of "poetic immortal" and is also called "Du Li" with Du Fu. His poems are mainly lyrical, showing the arrogant spirit of contempt for powerful people, expressing sympathy for people's sufferings, being good at depicting natural scenery and expressing his love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland. The poetic style is magnificent and bold, the imagination is rich, the language flows naturally, the melody is harmonious and changeable, and it is good at absorbing nutrients and materials from folk literature and myths and legends, which constitutes its unique magnificent and gorgeous color and reaches the peak of poetic art in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. There are more than 1000 poems, including 30 volumes of Li Taibai's Collection.