Traditional arts-Fujian Opera, Pinghua Opera and Fan Shi Fujian Opera are also called "Fuzhou Opera". In the Ming Dynasty, Kunshan dialect and Yiyang dialect were introduced into Fuzhou, and Fuzhou dialect opera gradually rose. From the early years of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty to around the Revolution of 1911, it was called "Min Ban". 1924, Mr. Zheng Zhenduo published the traditional drama "Yu Zi Chai", and officially replaced the name "Min Ban" with "Min Opera". Pinghua is the main variety of folk art in Fuzhou. It pays attention to singing, speaking, doing and speaking. It has the reputation of "living fossil of humanity". Fan Shi, formerly known as "Xie Huan", means harmony and happiness. It is one of the main local music in Fuzhou. It evolved from a folk dragon dance with melodious tunes. Fuzhou folk customs can be divided into five categories: festival customs, wedding, funeral and birthday customs, rural customs, food customs and clothing customs. There are mainly lanterns, stilts, dragon lanterns, lion dances, dragon boat races, mountain climbing and other folk activities. In modern times, living habits in Fuzhou have also been influenced by Catholicism and Christianity. Christmas, Valentine's Day, Mother's Day and so on vividly reflect the tradition that Fuzhou people are good at absorbing foreign cultures. All folk customs are "handed down by predecessors" (Fuzhou proverb). On the one hand, we inherit the folk cultural heritage of our ancestors, on the other hand, we create new folk culture for the next generation. In addition, all kinds of cultures, including folk culture, are unprecedentedly active, and old and new folk customs appear alternately. Fuzhou is no exception. For example, Taiping eggs get smaller and smaller as you eat them. Because duck egg is homophonic with "suppressing chaos", Fuzhou people call it "Taiping egg". When you meet a wedding reception, birthday party, farewell party, and over nine (those who meet nine in vain), you should eat flatly. However, with the improvement of living standards, people's appetite is getting smaller and smaller, and they feel that they can't eat the giant eggs in the banquet. For this reason, the chefs racked their brains and finally replaced it with quail eggs and pigeon eggs, which were elegant and innovative, and gradually became a new custom. Moreover, quail is homophonic with safety, which is quite meaningful and quickly accepted by the masses. Fuzhou has the tradition of "Boiling Wine Festival". Married daughters should make "boiled wine porridge" on the 29th day of the first month, and send it back to their parents as soon as possible to honor their parents. Up to now, the suburban counties of Fuzhou still maintain this custom, but the "Aojiu Festival" in the urban area has gradually been replaced by "Mother's Day". Speaking of this festival, the flower shop business is particularly good. You can also see your parents' party in the restaurant. "One more person" should become a full member. At a traditional banquet, the oldest person should sit for a while. Take the Eight Immortals Banquet (Table) in the lobby of old houses as an example. The one on the left is the table, and the one on the left is the one inside, which means "one is longer". Only those with the longest experience and the oldest qualifications are eligible to participate. But now the "long one" has turned positive. No matter what kind of house it is, whether it is a square table or a round table, the one facing the door in the middle of the table is the largest. The person who sits in the largest position is the host, followed by the person with the highest status, and the third is the "head person" among the distinguished guests; According to age and seniority, there are only family banquets and rural customs activities. From a table on the left to a "middle" one, it is easy for young people to understand, and of course they have to turn to the end. Rebate instead of wine package. There is a custom of "carrying wine bags" at traditional banquets in Fuzhou, that is, in addition to satisfying guests (Fuzhou custom), the caterer also asks you to bring a big bag of wine back for parents or wives and children to enjoy, which is very meaningful in the era of food shortage. But on today's Fu Ri Festival (Fuzhou proverb), wine bags have become the burden of the party, so no one takes them back and has to throw them away. To this end, people have come up with many reform methods. First, replacing wine bags with aluminum barrels and thermos bottles makes this kind of wine bags in the homes of frequent diners a disaster. However, the custom of wine bags cannot be abolished. In desperation, we have to use cash rebate instead. Now go to the wedding reception, you give a big red envelope and the host gives you a small red envelope. 10 yuan, 30 yuan. The guests got rid of the drag of the old wine bag and had a "wine bag" that could be put into their pockets. Why not? In all these cases, many new folk customs are replacing the old folk customs, and the old and new folk customs coexist alternately, with many innovative contents. Fuzhou dialect is commonly used in Fuzhou, and the locals call it Pinghua. Fuzhou dialect is one of the eight major dialects in Chinese, which was stereotyped in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and occupies an important position in Fujian dialect. Fuzhou dialect is the lingua franca of the "Ten Towns" in the old Fuzhou prefecture in the lower reaches of Minjiang River, and the whole eastern Fujian region is designated as the representative dialect. Fuzhou dialect is mainly used in the middle and lower reaches of Minjiang River Basin (including its tributaries Dazhangxi and Gutianxi) to the estuary of Fujian, covering 1 1 counties and cities, namely Gutian, Pingnan, Minhou, Yongtai, Minqing, Changle, Fuqing, Pingtan, Luoyuan, Lianjiang and Fuzhou, with a population of about 6.4 million. Some towns and villages in Taishun County, Pingyang County and Cangnan County, Zhejiang Province, outside the eastern Fujian dialect area, also have access to Fuzhou dialect. As for northern Fujian, such as Youxi, Jian 'ou, Shaxian, Shunchang and Jiangle. Fuzhou dialect is the second dialect, and overseas Chinese who went out from the eastern Fujian dialect area spread Fuzhou dialect all over the world. Fuzhou dialect has many sources. Its bottom layer should be the language of the ancient Min and Yue nationalities. Early immigrants before Wei and Jin Dynasties brought ancient Wu dialect and ancient Chu dialect, and ancient Chinese and middle Chinese also obviously remained in Fuzhou dialect.