No country has so many military strategists, and their deeds are admirable. So, in thousands of years of war, which generals can be called the hardest?
First, my life is up to me-what is life?
1, the origin and connotation of the word "destiny": in the traditional culture of China, "destiny" is a rather unique existence. The origin of the word "destiny" can be found in the inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty. It can be seen that the formation, evolution, composition and significance of the word "destiny" had been completed as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty or earlier.
The evolution and process of the word "fate" is shown in the following figure:
2. China's Chinese characters are rich in connotation, and a Chinese character is a history. In the long-term production, life and war activities, the connotation of the word "fate" is constantly changing. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the inscription on Mao said: "You should accept a great fate", and "great fate" is fate. The inscription means to accept the orders of heaven. Fate comes from fate. From the meaning of fate, it refers to life and longevity. This is the origin of the word "fate".
3. China people's worship of "numerology": China people believe in fate, and they believe that everyone's fate is predestined by heaven or made by invisible rules. Everything a person experiences from birth to death, all poverty, wealth and illness, is doomed. That's what the so-called "unexpected events happen" means. Not only in Chinese civilization, but also in the four ancient civilizations, there is worship and belief in "fate". However, while acknowledging "fate", Chinese civilization has the indomitable fighting spirit of "going against the sky". The ancient myths of Jingwei's reclamation, Gong Yu's moving mountains and Kuafu's chasing the sun all show the tenacity and hardness of our civilization!
Second, the general why, they died on their boots-the battlefield is the fate of the general's reincarnation.
What is the standard of hard life for a general?
1. Being able to return safely from the battlefield of blood and fire is the first condition of bad karma. On the battlefield, the sword is blind, you never know what the opponent will do, you never know which card the opponent will play, and you never know the final victory or defeat of a war. The more the general fights, the more he is awed by the battlefield-there are too many emergencies on the battlefield.
To be a general, you have to go through countless tests of blood and fire, and you have to fight countless tragic battles. What is the life of a general who has never fought a war? Only by confronting a powerful opponent, regardless of life and death, can we win? This is the real general. After such hardships, I can fight all my life and return to North Korea safely. This is the first rule of "bitter days"-people are dead, so why talk about bitter days!
2. Being able to die a fair death is a necessary condition for "hard life". As a general, if you only focus on the battlefield, even if you are victorious, you are not a master. Han Xin, the God of War, never lost his life. He was originally a street hooligan, but he beat the mighty overlord of Chu to commit suicide in Wujiang River, wiped out the hero at the end of Qin Dynasty, and made Liu Bang climb to the top. He made a great contribution, but he ended up in a palace! Killing God in vain, I have traveled to the north all my life and experienced numerous wars. I was frightened by various countries, made great contributions, and ended up with the death of a king. What a tragic ending!
Although there are unspeakable political factors, the reason why these generals ended up in such a miserable fate has a lot to do with their own personalities. The so-called "character determines fate." Han Xin did not know how to converge, and he was surprised by his high work; Tian Lei is over-inflated, and he is proud of his achievements; Aquamarine promised herself merits, repeatedly surpassed the system, and was finally killed for "rebellion"! There are countless such examples in history. It is not surprising that these generals with outstanding military talents failed to see the hidden swords and swords in politics because of their lack of long-term political vision, and their arrogant personality touched the most sensitive bottom line in imperial rule.
3. Being able to shadow children and grandchildren is the best embodiment of "hard life". It is not good to spend a hundred days, and people will not be red for a hundred days. Only when the general has the meritorious military service can he win the king's heart and prosper. However, wealth is only three generations. If there is only one generation, it is really not a "holy family". In other words, it is to let the ruling group represented by the Emperor recognize you and pass on this glory. In addition to great achievements, we have to rely on the connection of interests, such as marriage. Secondly, we should rely on our own moral cultivation and political accomplishment, and know that restraint is harmless to people and animals, and we will not form a party for selfish ends. Only in this way can we benefit future generations and benefit future generations.
Third, the return of destiny-the lucky ones with bloody swords.
From the above, we can draw three "hard conditions" for "hard life": great military exploits, good life and long family history. We divide the so-called "most severely hit" generals into the following three grades:
1, the first gear: Liu Xiu, Zhao Kuangyin, Li Shimin, Judy. Yes, these four men are emperors, but before they became emperors, they were first and foremost invincible generals. Of course, they are of royal blood, but to be famous in history books, superb military ability is the most important thing.
After Liu Xiuben was the emperor of the Han family, he made a living by farming. After he joined the greenwood, he showed his superb military ability. When Kunyang was defeated, it was 200,000 to 400,000, and it was ruined and there were no soldiers. Zhao Kuangyin began in the tumultuous period of the Five Dynasties. The southern separatist regimes such as Jingnan, Wuping, Houshu, Nanhan and Nantang were eliminated successively, and the unification of most parts of the country was completed. His contribution can be described as great. He laid a vast territory with one stroke, and his martial arts were unmatched by emperors in previous dynasties. Li Shimin joined the army as a teenager and accumulated rich experience in fighting against the East Turkistan invasion. After persuading his father Jinyang to get up, he attacked Chang 'an and defeated Luoyang, Liu Wuzhou, Wang, Dou Jiande and Liu Heita. Almost laid the foundation for most of the early Tang Dynasty! With a government of soldiers, it is difficult to arise and jing, and within a few years, all hostile forces have been eliminated, from north to south, and the world will be decided by one drum! These "special" generals, who dares to challenge them!
2. Second tranche: Guo Ziyi, Li Jing and Wei Qing. These three people can come second. First of all, they can succeed without covering the Lord, and finally they can die well and their grandchildren can be honored. Tang Zhongxing's famous minister almost single-handedly put down the Anshi rebellion, and Tang was able to prosper. This contribution is not small. What is even more admirable is that Guo is humble and knows how to advance and retreat. His sons are all princesses, and his seven sons and eight husbands are all senior officials! Li Jing is one of the heroes of Lingyange. He fought with Li Shimin all his life, and made outstanding contributions. But he can know how to advance and retreat, avoid danger, disarm and return to the field to support his life. Wei Qing was born in a humble background, but he has military talent that ordinary people can't match. He led a surprise attack on Liuzhou, which opened the prelude to the victory of the Sino-Hungarian War. Seven wins in seven wars, recovering Heshuo and Hetao areas, breaking Khan, and making great contributions to the development of the northern territory.
3. Third gear: Han Shizhong, Xu Da, Wang Jian and Tanghe. These four men are not strong in martial arts. Han Shizhong led the troops to resist gold, fought countless battles, but suffered few defeats in his life. However, due to the general trend, he was born in Wei Song, and he was not as lucky as other generals. Xu, Wang, Tang and others eventually died of illness, but they avoided the cruel political disputes and the jealousy of Wang and Wang. Compared with their contemporaries, this is a happy ending!
Conclusion In fact, as far as the history of China's 5,000-year civilization is concerned, there are many such generals, and only a few examples can be cited, not generalizations. What we want to see is that a person's fate depends on his own personality, especially those hard-working generals. Otherwise, he will be proud of his work and end up with a broken family-the most important thing is the thin emperor's family! Of course, it is enough for them to defeat the enemy on the battlefield and achieve great martial arts. In the history of Chinese civilization, their names will eventually be left behind! Black as iron, dysprosium is shining in front!
Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang is a treasure of Buddhist culture in China, which has extremely high historical value, research value and artistic value. Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang flourished because of Buddhism. In thousands of years' history, they have also suffered numerous damages and thefts, causing irreparable heavy losses.
I. Destruction and theft caused by national weakness
1. External factors: The study of Longmen has indeed been destroyed many times in history, but the most important and devastating loss is that in the nearly half century after Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China, foreign cultural relics dealers and robbers disguised as professors, scholars and missionaries, and brazenly stole the cultural relics of Longmen Cave abroad under the guise of civilization. So far, many cultural relics have been lost abroad and cannot be recovered.
2. Internal and external collusion: For a long time, some China people uprooted murals destructively, chiseled Buddha heads and dug up stone tablets in exchange for immediate interests, and smuggled them abroad through various channels, becoming artistic treasures in the warehouses of some "civilized people".
3. Corruption is rampant: during the Republic of China, the outflow of cultural relics was strictly controlled, but it was still impossible to prevent cultural relics from being stolen, mainly because some moths in the government colluded inside and outside, so the so-called cultural relics management became a dead letter, and a large number of cultural relics in Longmen Grottoes were lost abroad. For example, the worship ceremony of the emperor of the Metropolitan Museum of America and the worship ceremony of the queen of the Nelson Museum in Kansas all came from the large-scale theft in that period.
Second, social factors lead to large-scale destruction of cultural relics.
Due to the great development of Buddhism, its influence and power are extremely expanded, and its followers often reach hundreds of thousands, especially a large number of lower class people. In this way, the impact on the secular regime is extremely serious. A large number of monks who are not engaged in production have a lot of land and support, which has caused a serious burden to the country. As a place where Buddhism and Taoism flourished, Longmen Grottoes were systematically destroyed and destroyed in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Tang Wuzong and the dynasties after Zhou Shizong. Many Buddhist temples were burned and a lot of land was confiscated. Huichang suffered the most in these four destructive movements, and many murals and stone carvings with high artistic value were destroyed.
Third, the damage caused by frequent wars.
In our history, war and peace have always appeared alternately. The war lasted for decades, which caused serious damage to society, economy and population, and also brought disasters to these cultural relics. Luoyang, as a battleground for military strategists, the birthplace of civilization and the important place of grain production, has always been a battleground for military strategists. Expand the scope a little bit, not only Luoyang, but the whole Central Plains region is constantly at war. How do we protect cultural relics during the war? During the Tang Anshi Rebellion, soldiers in An Lushan looted and destroyed, and the Longmen stone curtain was almost destroyed. When the government of the Republic of China moved its capital to Luoyang, it blew up a large number of cultural relics in order to build roads. How sad!
Only after the founding of New China, the state strengthened the protection of cultural relics and invested a lot of manpower, material resources and funds to repair, restore and protect them, which made the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang glow with artistic brilliance again!
Conclusion the country is weak and the people are weak, and the country is poor and the people are weak. Only when the country is strong and the economy is rich can we protect our cultural treasures. To put it more directly: only when you are strong, your civilization, your culture and your inheritance will be "meaningful". Weak countries, where there is no culture and civilization!