Source: Agricultural Government Network Date: 2011May 24th.

After the tone is established, what other problems need to be mastered in color design?

Color is one of the main elements of flower arrangement modeling. After setting the tone, we should also master the following aspects when following the principle of combination of formal beauty elements in design:

(1) balanced color layout.

The balance of layout color is one of the important principles of flower arrangement composition. In order to achieve color balance, the layout of flower arrangement works should "imaginary" a central axis, and the weight of color field plays a role on both sides of the axis. If we only consider that the number of flowers on both sides of the axis is very similar to the size of flowers, we can't be sure whether the layout on both sides of the axis is balanced, because the color balance has not been considered. Therefore, when arranging flowers, the light and heavy flowers should be staggered and the two sides should be "equal", so as to create a balance of color layout. Similarly, if the upper part of the composition is inserted with heavier flowers and the lower part is inserted with lighter flowers, it will also produce a top-heavy sense of instability. Therefore, up-and-down stability and left-and-right balance are the criteria that must be followed in color design of flower arrangement.

(2) color harmony.

In flower arrangement, the configuration of color is often the key to the effect of the work. Because colors are very infectious. Therefore, the use of color and the scientific design of color are the important basis of emotional function in flower arrangement creation, and also the concrete measures to achieve the ideal effect in flower arrangement decoration.

Establishing the main color is the key to the color design of flower arrangement, so that other colors can set off the main color, which is called distinguishing between primary and secondary. This is especially important in a large number of flower arrangements in the west, because the more colors, the better. Among so many colors, it is obviously difficult to coordinate the colors of the ball without establishing the hue. Although the traditional flower arrangement art in China does not pay attention to rich colors, usually two or three kinds are enough, but there is also the problem of who is in charge and who is responsible.

Color harmony is actually related to everyone's aesthetic point of view. Generally speaking, there should be no obvious conflict between colors. In terms of hue, monochrome configuration is obviously easy to achieve the fusion effect. If harmonious colors are arranged in the same flower arrangement, no matter how many shades appear, they will show a unified, coordinated, beautiful and soft artistic effect.

(3) color contrast.

In terms of hue, if the harmonious color is characterized by softness and unity, then the contrast color is characterized by contradiction and opposition. In the color design of flower arrangement, if we are good at using the strong contrast of various flowers in hue, lightness, warmth and coldness, and using the sharp contrast of contrasting colors, rich atmosphere and strong stimulation, we can get unique effects.

The combination effect of contrast color is particularly prominent in complementary color combination. In the creation of flower arrangement works, the author attaches great importance to the configuration of green leaves, because they are complementary colors of primary colors and have the strongest contrast. However, the key to the application of contrast color is to deal with the relationship between the protagonist and the supporting role: first, clear priorities; Second, the color density is the same, avoiding even distribution. For example, the complementary color combination with similar area and size is very poor, tacky and boring; Third, the use of black, white, gray, metallic colors to reconcile contrast colors, to avoid color imbalance and harsh, such as the stars or love grass can play this role.

In short, when using contrasting colors, especially complementary colors for flower arrangement composition, we must use them properly and pay attention to making the complementary colors clear. At the same time, by using the mutual penetration between different color parts, an echo can be achieved in the contrast, and the ideal effect of unity, harmony, vividness and vividness can be obtained.

(4) Color matching should be suitable for the theme and background of the work.

Through painstaking thinking, the author carries out color design to make it coordinate with the background, consistent with the main content and deepen the artistic conception. Although it is based on some characteristics of natural color, it is not satisfied with the beauty of natural color, but will be higher than the group beauty, comprehensive beauty and artistic conception beauty of natural color.

Color design of artistic flower arrangement

Artistic flower arrangement should not only have a beautiful shape, but also have bright colors, both of which are the main factors that constitute a beautiful image. But in general aesthetics, color is often emphasized, or the beauty of color is most easily accepted. Marx once said in Critique of Political Economy that "the feeling of color is the most common form of general aesthetic feeling".

The basic elements of color

Color is a physical phenomenon. Under the irradiation of sunlight, various objects reflect sunlight that cannot be absorbed. Due to the different absorption degree of oral light by various objects, various colors are formed. In particular, exotic flowers and grasses are colorful and dazzling. Generally, sunlight can be divided into six colors: red, orange, yellow, green, cyan and purple.

Using the absorption and reflection of colored light, we can distinguish the color of an object with the naked eye. For example, seeing a white object means that all colored light is reflected. Seeing a black object means that all the colored light is absorbed. If each color of light is partially absorbed and reflected, then it is a gray object. When we came to the garden, the red flowers and green leaves were very beautiful. The inherent color of safflower is red, because the five colors of orange, yellow, green, cyan and purple in sunlight are basically absorbed by safflower, reflecting red light. The same is true of green leaves, because they absorb the light of the other five colors, so they will reflect green light.

Red flowers and green leaves, as well as white and black are relative, which is the general trend of color. There is no absolute pure color in nature. If we observe safflower, it is not difficult to find that flowers reflect red light and other colors to varying degrees, but the red light component is absolutely dominant. Another example is green leaves. Due to the different growth environment and location, there are many subtle changes in chromaticity, color and purity of reflected green, including differences in cold and warm, light and shade and purity, that is, the front and back of a leaf show great differences in green depth. Generally speaking, the reflection of light is absorbed by objects with rough texture and dark color, and less reflected. On the contrary, objects with smooth texture and light color absorb less colored light and reflect much more. It can be seen that on the one hand, color is presented by light, on the other hand, it is attached to objects, and the two are inseparable whole. No matter what the texture of an object is, it can show a specific color, but without a specific object, there is no specific color at all. The color formed by light and objects has three basic characteristics: hue, purity and lightness.

Hue is the name of various specific colors, or the appearance of colors. For example, red, orange, yellow, green, cyan and purple in the sun. Each name represents a hue of a color. Hue is mainly used to distinguish different colors and enhance the ability to distinguish colors. The objective world is rich and varied, and what the naked eye can recognize is very limited. Therefore, when observing hue, we should be good at comparison and cultivate the ability of recognition, so as to facilitate the correct understanding and utilization of color when arranging flowers.

Purity refers to the purity and saturation of color. Monochromatic light in visible light is the purest color, which is the ultimate purity. The higher the purity, the brighter the color. When solid color is mixed with other colors such as black, white and gray, the purity of its color changes. The more mixed, the lower the purity. The purity of an object's color is related to its saturation and surface structure. The surface structure of the object is rough, and the diffuse reflection of light will reduce the purity of color. The surface structure of the object is smooth and the color purity is relatively high.

Brightness refers to the brightness of a color. There are two meanings: first, after the same tone is illuminated, different levels of light and shade are produced due to the different intensity of light received by the object. Secondly, it refers to the lightness of the color itself, such as the comparison of six standard colors: red, orange, yellow, green, cyan and purple. The same green, the intensity, angle and bright part of light are different, which will produce different lightness such as bright green, green and dark green. Among different colors, the brightness of yellow is higher, second only to white; Purple has a low brightness. It is close to butyl black. Don't ask about the matching of lightness and color when arranging flowers. Can make the picture rich and diverse, enhance the sense of hierarchy. The combination of the same color without lightness can also enhance the overall sense of flower arrangement.

Visual effect of color

People's visual perception of color mainly comes from the primary colors and mixed forms of color.

None of the three primary colors of a color can be produced by mixing the other two primary colors, and other colors can be matched by these three colors in a certain proportion. Natural scenery presents ever-changing colors under the illumination of light, which are all composed of these three primary colors. The three primary colors of colored light are red, green and blue. Mixing colored light will make it brighter, which is called additive mixing. In painting, red, yellow and blue are called the three primary colors. If the three colors are mixed together, they will become darker. It is called subtractive mixing. Although flowers do not have such standard primary colors, they can be close to a certain color.

In addition to primary colors, there are intermediate colors and composite colors that create a colorful world. The so-called intermediate color is the color that two primary colors are mixed with equal or unequal weight. A composite color is a mixture of two intermediate colors or three primary colors. Complementary color is the color light corresponding to the three primary colors. Yellow faces blue, and yellow is the complementary color of blue; Magenta is opposite to green, magenta is the complementary color of green, cyan is opposite to red, and cyan is the complementary color of red. Complementary color is also called complementary color, which means that two opposite colors complement each other. Therefore, yellow and blue, magenta and green, and green and red are complementary colors. Side by side, the color contrast is very bright.

The juxtaposition of two primary colors can give people a bright and lively feeling; The two middle colors are juxtaposed, and the color is darker than the teaching. The juxtaposition of primary colors and intermediate colors is better, and they are similar colors. The change of color is gradual transition, which appears soft and harmonious; If they are complementary colors, it is easy to achieve a sharp contrast effect.

Complementary two colors are mutually exclusive when juxtaposed, and the contrast is strong. The color presents a vivid effect of jumping. Therefore, the good use of complementary color relationship will make flower arrangement appear bright, lively and vivid. On the other hand, if the complementary color relationship does not pay attention to the coordination of colors and the arrangement of color block size, it will also have the disadvantages of stubbornness and anger.

Color has the visual effect of cold and warm. In people's physiological reaction, the depth of color has the feeling of contraction and expansion. For example, red and yellow have a warm and exciting feeling, so we call red and yellow and colors that tend to be red and yellow warm tones; Blue looks quiet and cold, so blue and those that tend to be blue are called cool tones. Red and blue are two extremes of cool and warm colors. Green and purple are neutral colors in the middle, and the reddish ones are warm colors. Blue is cool. Gold, silver, black, white and gray are also neutral colors in color vision, which can be reconciled with any color and play a buffering and coordinating role. This is very helpful for choosing the color of flower devices.

Color matching of artistic flower arrangement

1. Formation and function of flower color

In nature, most plant leaf cells contain green pigments. We know that sunlight will be divided into six visible chromatograms after passing through a prism. If the six-color light is transmitted to the white screen through chlorophyll solution, it can be found from the spectrum on the screen that there is a wide black band in the red part close to orange light and blue light, while the green part is still green. This shows that chlorophyll selectively absorbs light.

Green can effectively use sunlight, which is the result of the evolution of plants in the process of long-term natural selection. At the same time, in order to adapt to the needs of natural ecological environment, plants are inhibited by their own plastids and pigments, forming branches, leaves, flowers and fruits of different colors. In different kinds of plants, the proportion of chlorophyll is different, and the depth of its color is also different. There are some plants. Contains lutein and carotene. It can make plants appear red or orange, and they mainly exist in petals or fruits. The leaves of some plants turn yellow before the arrival of autumn, which is the result of losing chlorophyll and leaving only lutein and carotene.

There is also an anthocyanin in plants, which mainly exists in petals and fruits. Some of the red and blue colors presented by blooming flowers are often the function of flowers and green cords. The color of anthocyanins changes with the pH of plant cell sap. When the cell sap is acidic, the flower is red; When the cell sap is alkaline, the flowers are blue or purple. The experiment of hydrangea changing pH is very obvious.

Corolla is located on the inner side of calyx, and its color is very bright. It is the most remarkable part of plants and the most changed part. Corolla color is mainly caused by anthocyanins and heterochromatin in cells. The red, blue and purple of flowers come from anthocyanins. The yellow and orange of flowers come from the variegated body; The part without pigment is white. Because there are many kinds of pigments in flowers. The combination of pigments in various flowers is different, and the amount of pigments also changes, so there will be colorful scenes when flowers bloom.

With the change of seasons and the needs of physiological activities, flowers undergo metabolism and their colors change accordingly. The color of flowers is constantly changing, from budding to withering and dying, and the leaves fall from bud to yellow. Generally speaking, the first flowers are rich and bright, then the color gradually fades, and finally the original beautiful color is lost. The first leaf is bright green, with goose yellow. They gradually appear dark green and turn yellow at the end of growth. The same is true for fruits. From ovary enlargement to fruit maturity, the color changes. This physiological characteristic of flowers provides us with abundant flower arranging resources, and at the same time limits the picking time of flowers.

2. Color of flower arranging utensils

There are many kinds of flower arranging instruments, and all kinds of flower arranging have their own color characteristics, plus artificial coloring changes. The color is more complicated and changeable. There are great differences in texture, hardness, light absorption and reflection, and color of flower arranging utensils. All fine, clean and smooth materials, such as metal, glass and porcelain, strongly reflect light; Materials with rough texture, such as rough pottery and wood, have weak reflection on light. It can be seen that the texture of utensils has a great influence on the color of flower arrangement.

Ceramic flower devices are commonly used in our flower arrangement and are also works of art for people to appreciate. There are also many strange colors, celadon, tri-colored Tang Dynasty, sacrificial red, and three Yang flowers.

The richness and diversity of floral colors are undoubtedly very beneficial to flower arrangement, but improper selection of floral colors will also lead to the failure of the whole work. For example, pastel flower paintings and vases of figures may be very beautiful in terms of their own color configuration, but when they are matched with flowers, they will usurp the role of masters. Therefore, in the choice of colors, we should focus on simplicity and unity. Each flower only needs one or two colors, or a combination of several simple color blocks, and you can't use those flower devices that depict gold and attach phoenix.

With the discovery of modern craft materials, flower arranging devices have made great progress. Such as glass, plastic products, colorful, white and flawless, with a distinctive flavor of the times. But we should pay attention to the rational allocation of flowers, otherwise it will easily lead to vulgarity. Flowers made of natural materials such as bamboo, grass, rattan and wood are simple and elegant, and their colors are simple and generous, which caters to people's aesthetic needs. If you color these flower devices, it can also make people feel exquisite and gorgeous.

3. Design and configuration of flower arrangement colors

The color of flower arrangement is not only the realism of nature, but also the exaggeration of natural scenery, which can change with the needs of flower arrangement modeling. Colors used in flower arrangement. First of all, obey the author's interest. Or colorful. Or light and elegant. Secondly, the color of flower arrangement should be right. What comes into view from a distance is the overall color of flower arrangement. The overall tone is not prominent. The picture effect is weak, and the works are easy to be chaotic and lack of characteristics. When looking closely at the flower arrangement, it is required that the content displayed by the color is outstanding in personality and clear in priority.

The color configuration of flower arrangement can be studied from three aspects: first, the color relationship between flowers; The second is the color relationship between flowers and containers, and the third is the color relationship between flower arrangement and environment and season. If we can correctly grasp these three relationships, flower arrangement and color matching will be handy.

The color relationship between flowers can be matched with multiple colors or a single color, and the colors that are matched together should be coordinated. If Chimonanthus praecox and Ivory Red are used together, one is full of golden branches and the other is bright red as blood, and the colors are harmonious, reflecting the interest. More importantly, safflower is the main flower and yellow flower is the gripper. From a distance, red flowers are in full bloom, and yellow flowers are starlight, which radiates outward through branches.

Green branches and leaves play an important auxiliary role in flower arrangement. Branches and leaves have various shapes and colors, and if used properly, they can get good results. Peony is good, but it needs green leaves to support it. For example, choose Metasequoia glyptostroboides branches with green leaves to outline the shape of flower arrangement, and then insert a few pink orchids or deep red roses. It is conceivable that the flowers are more delicate and charming against the green branches. Another example is to insert a few coral branches and a few white calla lilies together. The color is not gorgeous, but it looks elegant and generous.

In the rational allocation of flowers, we should also pay attention to the sense of weight and volume of colors. The thickness of color mainly depends on lightness. The higher the lightness, the lighter it is, and the lower the lightness, the heavier it is. Correct use of the heavy feeling of color can make the color relationship balanced and stable. For example, the upper part of flower arrangement is light and the lower part is heavy, or the small flowers are heavy and the big flowers are light.

The thickness of color is related to lightness and hue. The higher the lightness, the stronger the swelling feeling; The lower the lightness, the stronger the sense of contraction. Warm colors have a sense of expansion, while cool colors have a sense of contraction. In the color design of flower arrangement, we can make use of this characteristic of color, and use shrinkage color appropriately in the part with too large shape and expansion color appropriately in the part with too small shape.

The colors of flowers and containers need to be coordinated, but they don't need to be consistent. They mainly cooperate from two aspects: one is to use contrast color combination, and the other is to harmonize color combination. Contrast color matching has lightness contrast, that is, the contrast of color lightness, also known as black-and-white contrast. For example, white water chestnut lotus is inserted in black flowers, and one is dark and the other is bright, which will have a bright color effect.

The contrast between flowers and utensils is called hue contrast. Hue contrast can be divided into strength and weakness, mainly including contrast hue and complementary hue. The color sense of contrast hue is bright and strong. It is full, gorgeous, joyful and active, and it is easy to make people excited and excited. The relative proportion of complementary colors is the corresponding color contrast and the strongest hue contrast, such as safflower and turquoise flower, yellow flower and turquoise flower. In the traditional color matching in China, there are sayings that "red is green, flowers are clusters" and "red with green depends on the feet".

Cold and warm contrast is also the main method of color matching between flowers and utensils. Use cold and warm contrast colors, and the effect will be very bright. For example, use a lake blue basin and insert pink lotus flowers to make the cold basin and warm flowers form a cold and warm contrast, further highlighting the charm of flowers. Under normal circumstances, the color of flower arranging utensils is dark, and light-colored flowers can be inserted; The vessel is lighter in color, and the flowers can be inserted in dark color for comparison.

Dealing with the relationship between flowers and utensils with harmonious colors can make people feel relaxed and comfortable. The method is to treat the color relationship between flowers and organs with the same tone but different shades, or the colors with the same color are similar. Similar colors such as orange and scarlet, green and turquoise. The approximate colors are red and orange, orange and yellow, yellow and green, green and cyan. The approximate color has a wide range of color spacing and a certain contrast, which is easy to show the richness of color and form the rhythm and rhythm of color.

Flower arrangement can also use neutral colors and neutral flower devices such as black, white, gold, silver and gray, which have a harmonic effect on flowers. You can also decorate flowers with gold and silver silk, so that the contrasting colors of flowers and utensils have individual colors as the medium of reconciliation. Flower arrangement has a certain decorative effect. For example, Chinese New Year holidays or festive days are used as decorations to beautify the environment, decorate the inside and outside of the house into a festive atmosphere, pin beautiful ideals and inspire people's spirits. The color of flower arrangement should be configured according to the packaging color of the environment. For example, in a vase with blue stripes on a white background, pink Er Qiao magnolia flowers are inserted and placed on traditional mahogany furniture, which is antique and full of ethnic flavor. In the case of dark environmental color, it is appropriate to choose elegant flower arrangement color: the environmental color is simple and bright. The color of flower arrangement can be used more strongly and brightly.

The color of flower arrangement should also be used according to the changes of seasons. In spring, a hundred flowers blossom, a hundred flowers blossom, and there are colorful dry scenes everywhere. At this time, arranging flowers and choosing colorful materials give people a relaxed and lively feeling. In summer, the color of flower arrangement requires simplicity, liveliness, lightness and lightness. Proper selection of some cool flowers gives people a cool feeling. In autumn, there are red fruits and golden rice everywhere. At this time, the flower arrangement can choose bright flowers such as red and yellow as the main scene, which is consistent with the golden season and gives people a prosperous daydream. The coming of winter is accompanied by cold wind and frost. At this time, the flower arrangement should be dominated by warm colors, and colorful flowers should be inserted to give people the vitality of breaking snow in the wind.

Emotional effect of color

Color can affect people's mood. Different colors will cause different psychological reactions. Different nationalities and traditional habits, different cultural attainments, gender, age, etc. , will have different associative effects on colors.

Color itself has no perceptual content, and only when people's ideology is associated with it will there be feelings and associations about color. There are many countries and nationalities that have taboos on certain colors. For example, Brazilians use brown as the color of mourning. It is understood that death is like a yellow leaf falling from a tree, so it is taboo. Belgians are most afraid of blue. In case of unlucky things, they all wear blue clothes. Ethiopians wear yellow clothes to express their deep condolences to the dead. Many countries in Europe use black as the color of funerals. When decorating living rooms, auditoriums and rooms, Shierqi prefers to use plain colors instead of colors. In our country, people's understanding of color is also varied. It goes something like this:

Red: gorgeous, warm, rich and excited. People are used to using red flowers to express happiness and auspiciousness.

Orange: It is the color of harvest, indicating clearness, sweetness, maturity and harvest.

Yellow: It has great wealth. It symbolizes glory, nobility and dignity. The glazed tiles decorated in our country's imperial palace are yellow to show supremacy. Yellow flowers are widely used in funeral.

Green: full of vitality, full of spring breath, with the symbolic significance of health, serenity and tranquility.

Blue: It feels quiet, deep and fresh. Connecting with the blue sea makes people open-minded. But on the negative side, there are also feelings of pessimism, poverty and indifference.

Purple: It feels gorgeous and noble. Lavender can also make people feel soft and dignified.

White: It is a symbol of purity and has a simple and elegant essence. But white is monotonous, which has a sad meaning in our national habits.

Black: There is a solid, subtle, solemn and solemn feeling. At the same time, black is easily associated with darkness.

The symbol and association of color is a complex psychological reaction, which is influenced by many factors such as history, geography, nationality, religion, customs and habits. This is not absolute. When arranging flowers, it can only be used as a reference for color application, and color design should be carried out according to the theme and ornamental object.

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