Ho Choi (38 1 ~ 450), a native of Dongwu city in the Qing Dynasty, was an outstanding politician, strategist, historian and calligrapher in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Ho Choi was a weak minister in the Northern Wei Dynasty. He was always around Emperor Daowu, loyal and diligent. In the Ming Dynasty, Yuan Di extended the throne to the imperial court, offered wine to doctors, often gave lectures to Yuan Di in the Ming Dynasty, and participated in the military. In 423, Mao ascended the throne. In order to avoid showing sharp edges, Ho Choi was given the title of White Horse. In 426, he called the country at any time, and the official was Taichangqing and Dongjun Gong. The court discussed Helian Chang, the Lord of the Great Summer Kingdom, and all the ministers were embarrassed. Ho Choi said: "Heaven should be in harmony with people, and when it comes, it will converge." We can't miss this opportunity. Taizu personally led an army to attack Liancheng (now Hengshan Mountain in northern Shaanxi), and won a great victory. Then I begged Helian Chang for the second time, collected all the fakes at the gate and retreated. It's dark for the southeast wind to raise sand. I'm coming with the enemy. People talk too much and don't help me. Ho Choi snapped, "You can win a thousand miles, and you can't give up easily. No matter how big the wind is, the odds are in people! " This strengthened the belief that Emperor Mao would win, so he rode heavily and attacked, and Helian Chang was defeated. Two years later, when the proposal struck Rouran, many courtiers fled to the Empress Dowager to stop Emperor Taizu, but Ho Choi was in favor of going north, and Wei Jun suddenly appeared in Rouran. Each other defenseless, people and animals scattered in the wild, Wei Jun separately looking for. Everything is five thousand miles away, and as many as one million people have been captured. In 439 AD, Taizu captured the last political power of sixteen countries, and it was also an important fortress across the western trade routes. Before he left, Ho Choi refuted the strange theory that Liangzhou had no aquatic plants, helped Taizu unify the North, and made immortal contributions. Ho Choi was a master, scholar and calligrapher of Confucianism in the early Northern Wei Dynasty. He edited Tuoba Wei's National History and carved the Five Classics on Jingxi Avenue, which was strongly opposed by Xianbei nobles. Mao put Ho Choi in prison, which led to the tragedy of his three families being killed. "Shu Wei" said, "Ho Choi learned from others, studied heaven and man, made suggestions for political affairs, and made him compare himself to an ovary".
Feng (442 ~ 490), the queen mother of civilization, was born in Xindu, Changle (now Jixian County, Hebei Province). Her grandfather Feng was the monarch of Beiyan during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, and her mother Wang was from (present-day Korea). She had never been to the Wei Palace when she was young, and was elected a nobleman by Wen Chengdi at the age of 1 1. /kloc-at the age of 0/5, become a queen. At that time, Tuoba Hong, who was less than two years old, was appointed as the Crown Prince, and Queen Feng took up the responsibility of parenting. In the sixth year of Heping (465), he died young. He became emperor Wendi 12 years old and named the empress dowager. In the meantime, the rebellion of the prime minister was put down and called the court. When Emperor Xiaowen was born in 467, Feng Taihou assumed the responsibility of supporting the prince. After providing Emperor Wen with personal leadership, he condemned and killed many ministers favored by Feng Taihou. In the fifth year of Xing (47 1), TaBaHong, the five-year-old prince of Wendi Dixon, handled military affairs in the name of the emperor's father. In the first year of Cheng Ming (476), Emperor Wendi collapsed, and Feng Taihou was called the imperial court for the second time. He didn't quit the political arena until his death in 490.
Feng Taihou's historical contributions are as follows: First, he presided over the implementation of the Luban system (rent-sharing system), the land equalization system and the three-long system in the eight, nine and ten years of Taihe, and finally completed the feudal process of Tuoba for a hundred years, preparing for the emergence of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The second is to rectify the bureaucracy, severely punish a number of corrupt officials, and appoint TaBaPi, You Minggen, Yuan He, Liu Fang and other loyal sages. Third, according to their own wishes and models, strict requirements, careful mentoring, and cultivate qualified successors of Emperor Xiaowen. In addition, during the reign of Empress Kaihua, she paid great attention to uniting tribes, giving full play to their positive role and paying more attention to exchanges with neighboring countries. The civilized empress dowager advocates frugality, and when she was born, the court recipes were reduced in nine cases out of ten. Before she died, she also ordered Fangshan Yongguling to be frugal. There are no funerary wares, plain accounts, flowers and porcelain pieces in the mausoleum.
Tuoba Hong (467 ~ 499) was the sixth emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Born in 467, he became a crown prince at the age of three and acceded to the throne at the age of five. Historically known as Emperor Xiaowen, he reigned for 28 years. He is a famous reformer in the history of China. Tuoba Hong was brilliant since he was a child, and he was familiar with poems and songs. He is familiar with Xianbei and other minority cultures, and highly praises China's traditional Confucianism and etiquette. Feng Taihou, a grandmother, took care of her childhood and gradually matured under her guidance. The grandparents and grandchildren deal with state affairs wholeheartedly. In the eighth year of Taihe, under the guidance and cooperation of my grandmother Feng Taihou, we constantly got rid of the stereotype formed in the tribal period. The first-class salary system stipulates that officials are paid according to their grades, and it is forbidden to invade the property of the state and the people privately. The second implementation of the land equalization system gave the people the right to reclaim wasteland, implemented land to the tiller, and prohibited the dignitaries from occupying land endlessly. Then the system of three leaders was promulgated, with five neighbors as neighbors, five neighbors as neighbors, and five miles as the party, and three leaders were established. The implementation of the reform has restricted the vested interests of the powerful, eased social contradictions, promoted economic development and greatly enhanced national strength. Emperor Xiaowen took it as his duty to "unite with China" and moved the capital in 494 as his main measure. Later, a new round of reform was carried out: Yi Xianbei served as Hanfu; Prohibit Xianbei language and speak Chinese in court; Xianbei people changed their surnames to Han and took Luoyang as their native place; Xianbei people intermarry with Han people; Get rid of the old system in terms of official system, law and etiquette, and adopt the system of the Central Plains. This series of reform measures promoted national integration, accelerated the process of Xianbei Tuoba's entry into feudal society, strengthened centralized rule, developed productive forces, and the once-in-a-century Tuoba peak appeared.
Sina Weibo: Datong Ancient City Wall