As early as the Renaissance, people under the influence of humanism began to pay attention to the value and function of the human body itself, thus promoting the rapid development of social economy, science and culture. In Italy, the cradle of Renaissance, princes and nobles competed to regard art as a tool and means to show off their power and expand their political influence. They did not hesitate to spend huge sums of money to keep up with the joneses and compete with each other, so the culture and art of this period got unprecedented development. Under this historical background, ballet gradually formed an artistic form with clear style, dance steps and skills from a game dance on the basis of simple folk dance. At that time, ballet, as a simple form of entertainment, was performed by princes and nobles at various court celebrations and banquets, so it was also called "banquet ballet". 1489 The banquet ballet performed at the Duke of Milan's wedding was his representative. At the same time, a new occupation appeared in the court-dance master.
/kloc-At the end of 0/5, when King Richard VIII of France led his troops to Italy, he was pleasantly surprised to find this beautiful and luxurious "banquet ballet", so the French and Italian artists "introduced" ballet art to France. The Queen's Comedy Ballet was performed at the wedding of the sister of French Queen Louise in 158 1, which is the first large-scale ballet in history. The play was written and directed by Italian musician and dance teacher Berguio Suo (15-1587), and later renamed Poloje. In the17th century, ballet became an important part of French court life. Louis XIII and Louis XIV both loved ballet and took part in performances in person, especially Louis XIV, the "king of the sun", who was crazy about ballet. He has played the leading role in 26 large-scale ballets, and organized three masters, Luli, Moliere and Beauchamp, to be responsible for the creation and performance of ballet art, thus forming a new ballet form "inter-curtain ballet". 166 1 year, he established the first dance school in the history of ballet, the Royal Dance Academy, and began to standardize the research and arrangement of dance training. The five feet of ballet and the position of their hands were determined at that time and have been used ever since. /kloc-in the second half of the 0/7th century, ballet art went out of the court and onto the stage, and began to become a theater art, so the first batch of professional ballerinas came into being. But at that time, the heroines were all played by actors. It was not until 168 1 Lu Li's "Victory of Love" was staged at the Paris Opera House that the ballet dancer made her debut, and La Fontaine, who played the heroine, became the first ballet dancer in history. Then, the pointed shoes worn by the actress slowly appeared.
Ballet, a French word, originated from the ancient Latin bal-lo. At first, it only meant dancing or performing in public, but it didn't mean performing in a theater. As a stage art, ballet was born in Renaissance Italy and formed in the French court in the 7th century. In the history of ballet, it is called court ballet. In fact, it is a comprehensive performance of dance, singing, music, recitation and drama with loose structure under the unified theme. Designed by full-time court dancers, with kings and nobles as actors, female roles are also played by men. Actors wear leather masks, so it is also called masked ballet. 16 1 year, King Louis XIV of France ordered the establishment of the Royal Paris Dance Academy, which greatly promoted the development of ballet. Previously, the court ballet was performed in the central hall of the palace, surrounded by court dignitaries and ladies. From 65438 to 1970s, Li Sailiu Bishop's Palace Theatre was used for ballet performances, which changed the perspectives of venues and audiences, as well as dance skills and aesthetic views. Because the actors have to face the audience and stand more and more open, five basic forms and positions of the feet are determined, which has also become the basis for the development of ballet technology. Professional actors came into being at this time, and gradually replaced the amateur actors of princes and nobles, and professional actresses began to appear. Ballet changed from a social activity of entertaining itself into a theatrical performance art. Until the middle of18th century, the performance of ballet was generally a simple performance with a scene added to the opera, which was called ballet singing by historians. J-G's novel "Dance and Dance Letters" published in 1760 put forward the viewpoint of "plot ballet" for the first time, emphasizing that ballet is not only a physical skill, but also a means of dramatic performance and ideological and emotional communication. This theory has promoted the comprehensive reform of ballet, which has made great changes in content, theme, music, structural form and clothing, and has become an independent stage art with dance as the main means of expression. This enables ballet to fully express dramatic works and shape characters. /kloc-In the late 20th century, ballet had a trend of symphony development. After the development of modern dance in the 20th century, influenced by it, a large number of works expressing emotion, philosophy or explaining music emerged in ballet.
In the history of ballet development, there are two main aesthetic viewpoints at work. One view is that ballet is a "pure dance". It completely focuses on the formal beauty of ballet and almost completely ignores its content, which leads to the pursuit of superb skills and gorgeous scenes. /kloc-Before the middle of 0/8th century, this view was dominant. Another view emphasizes that ballet is a kind of "dramatic dance", which began with novels. This view holds that "the plot and dance design should be unified, with clear logic and easy-to-understand stories as the central theme, and solo dances and dance fragments unrelated to the plot should be cancelled", and the dance drama "should not only shine on dance techniques, but also impress the audience emotionally through drama performance". This view still plays a leading role today. Since the 20th century, while excellent drama ballet has appeared, there have also been many non-drama ballets that pay attention to formal beauty. With the improvement and diversification of people's aesthetic taste, these two kinds of works are welcomed by the audience. Under the influence of various modern literary thoughts, the styles of ballet are increasingly diversified and various works are increasingly colorful.
A ballet work first needs the director to conceive the structure of ballet or dance according to the script (or a poem or a musical work), and then it is reflected by the actors' performances. The director's conception and the actor's performance should profoundly reflect the thoughts and feelings of the script (poem, music). Both directors and actors must master the technical skills of ballet vocabulary-ballet, and the ability to use them to express specific content. Editors should know what they are good at and what they can't show. On the other hand, actors should be well-trained, able to adapt and creatively reflect the director's ideas and intentions. In addition, the choreographer and actor should cooperate with composition and art design, so that dance, music and art can be organically integrated to achieve the overall artistic effect. Ballet includes solo dance, duet dance, trio dance, group dance and so on. The choreographer can arrange the above dances into multi-act ballet, single-act ballet or ballet sketch in the form of classical dance, individual dance (stage folk dance) and modern dance.
The word Ballet comes from the Italian word ballet, which means dancing, especially "tiptoe dance", which is a form of European classical dance. In its development, this kind of dance is often used to tell performance stories, and gradually formed a special performance form. 1772, CharlesDidelot said in the Encyclopedia of France that "ballet is a department that explains movements through dance ... especially it needs dramatic pleasure ..."
Ballet art was conceived in Italy, and was born in the court of Louis XIV of France in the late17th century.18th century was becoming more and more perfect in France, and19th century entered the most prosperous period in Russia. In the long-term historical development of nearly 400 years, ballet has had a great influence on all countries in the world and has become an art form that all countries in the world are striving to develop.
/kloc-in the 9th century, "romantic ballet" appeared in Paris, which was the golden age in ballet history. Fairy (1832), Giselle (184 1) and gabriela (1870) are introduced. A large number of classic repertoires such as Sleeping Beauty (1890), Nutcracker (1892) and Swan Lake (1895) were left behind, which prompted people to form the concept that "ballet is the highest form of dance".