Editor? |? Li Guozheng

Produced? |? Bangning studio

"Without autonomy, how can we talk about the independent development of China's automobile industry ... without independence, there is no autonomy"

"All the automobile giants in the world have established joint ventures in China, and the foreign parties in the joint venture absolutely prevent the independent development of the joint venture."

"After 20 years of joint venture, China's automobile industry lacks independent intellectual property rights, which should be reconsidered. How tragic it is for private enterprises to survive in the gap between the market being squeezed by many joint ventures, lack of funds and short-term self-financing. "

He stood in front of the bookcase, choosing his words carefully, his hair and beard all open, like an indomitable fighter. The early autumn morning sun shone through the glass window and fell on his white hair and on his face engraved by years.

It was 8: 00 on September 3rd, 20 16. Zhi Bainian was in Changchun apartment and told me about his car life. Never thought, after six and a half years, I suddenly heard the news of his death-March 22, 2023 12: 06, Bai Zhi died at the age of 90.

The name Bai Zhinian may not be well known in today's automobile industry, but he is an expert in the field of DCT, which has made great contributions to promoting the key technical breakthrough and talent training of automatic transmission in China.

During his 38 years working in FAW, he grew from an ordinary employee to the chief engineer of FAW Car Factory, leading the design and production of Hongqi CA770 automatic gearbox. As a member of the 7-member team of FAW-Volkswagen10.5 million car joint venture project, he presided over the completion of 87% localization rate of Jetta and passed the national acceptance. After that, he went to Geely Automobile and Jianghuai Automobile to contribute waste heat.

White matter has a sour and ups and downs childhood. 1934, from Juyou Town, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province. He grew up in a poor family and made a living by his father doing odd jobs in the grocery store. 1956 was admitted to the automotive engineering department of Changchun Automobile Tractor Institute (Jilin University of Technology). 1965, after graduating from Jilin University of Technology, majoring in hydraulic transmission of automobile engineering, he was assigned to teach at Hunan University.

Since 1967, Bai Bai has worked in FAW for one hundred years, and since 197 1, he has worked in the machining workshop of automobile factory, mainly producing V8 engines and AT automatic transmission chassis.

From 1972 to 1982, Bai Zhi led the design and production of Hongqi CA770 automatic gearbox. Presided over the selection, development and trial production of a new three-speed 3AT hydraulic automatic transmission; Be fully responsible for the overall layout of the second generation of Xiaoqihongqi CA750, CA760 and CA750F.

From 1982 to 1988, Bai Zhi served as the design director, deputy chief engineer, chief engineer and technical deputy director of FAW Car Factory for a hundred years, responsible for the trial-production test of the second generation of Xiaohongqi, the introduction and assembly of 828 SKD Mercedes-Benz 220 vehicles, and the introduction of Audi 100 vehicle technology.

1988 to 1998, as a member of the 7-member working group of FAW-Volkswagen150,000 car joint venture project, responsible for project market analysis and prediction, negotiation, drafting and signing of technology transfer agreement. On the issue of product selection, when there are major differences within FAW, it has made great contributions to unifying thoughts.

From 199 1 to 1997, after the establishment of FAW-Volkswagen, Zhi Bainian served as the senior manager of the first product engineering department. During the period, he also served as consultant to the president of FAW Research Institute, distinguished researcher of major projects of FAW Group and adjunct professor of Automobile College of Jilin University of Technology, presided over the completion of 87% localization rate of Jetta and passed the national acceptance.

1998-2000, Bai Zhi was responsible for the product technical negotiation of Jinbei General Joint Venture, and served as the localization specialist of Jinbei General Joint Venture. 200 1 Up to now, he has served as the general manager of Changchun Changchun Interior Trim Company, established ISO/TSI6949 quality system, achieved stable support for FAW-Volkswagen through certification and re-inspection, and obtained A grade in Audi evaluation.

From 2004 to 2007, Zhi Bainian served as the executive vice president of Geely Automobile Research Institute, introduced the engine and power drum test bench with climate chamber, and established the transmission research institute. The project declaration of DCT dual clutch automatic transmission was completed in the national 863 plan, and it was approved for the first time in China.

From 2008 to 20 14, Zhi Bainian served as the technical director of the Power Institute of Jianghuai Automobile Technology Center. After realizing the 6DCT development foundation of front transverse drive, he developed TDC development of vertical drive and rear drive.

20 14 years, complete the work completely in a hundred years, and go home to support the elderly. Two years later, after several invitations, he accepted an oral interview in Changchun for more than three hours and told us a different red flag story.

198 1 in June, Red Flag was forced to stop production because of the State Council's "three orders for energy conservation". Although Zhi Bainian disapproved of the reasons for its suspension, his basic evaluation and conclusion is: "Under the premise of planned economy era, the red flag is a 100% political product. Therefore, with the gradual emergence, extension and development of the market economy, it must withdraw from the historical stage. "

Shi Ruzhen, a century-old honest man, had the deepest influence on his technical career. "I respect him very much. Later, when there were some problems in my work arrangement and thinking, he could give me advice that proved to be correct afterwards. "

Wang Zhen is very enterprising in his work and can see the direction clearly. "Wang Zhen is not a real intellectual, nor a real technical manager. But from the army to the automobile factory, he learned how to manage more effectively at the fastest speed, how to get along with workers and technicians, and how to find the essence of things in different opinions. "

The following is an excerpt from his oral interview. The original text was included in the book Red Flag, which was prefaced by Li Lanqing, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau and vice premier of the State Council, and published by China Workers Publishing House on June 20 17.

▍ "The market economy has begun"

Among the oral historical objects you interviewed, Shi Ruzhen has the deepest influence on my technical career, and I respect him very much. Later, when there were some problems in my work arrangement and thinking, he could give me advice that proved to be correct afterwards.

Wang Zhen is very enterprising in his work and can see the direction clearly. He went to the Korean battlefield and became the head of the team at the age of 2 1, which is an old qualification. Wang Zhen is not a real intellectual, nor a real technical manager, but as a leader from the army to the automobile factory, he actually learned how to manage more effectively with the fastest speed, how to get along with workers and technicians, and how to find the essence of things in different opinions.

Recalling the red flag, I may be different from what others say, because my experience is different from theirs. For example, none of the people you interviewed should have worked in a joint venture, right? And I have worked in FAW-Volkswagen for 10 years. I was one of the seven-member team when I founded FAW-Volkswagen.

In addition, I am an authentic automobile major: I studied for five years as an undergraduate and four years as a graduate. At that time, I was the first graduate student majoring in automobile in FAW, and worked in FAW for 38 years.

After I left FAW-Volkswagen, I worked in several domestic enterprises. First of all, I went to Geely Automobile, a private enterprise, for more than 4 years and presided over the work as the executive vice president of Geely Automobile Research Institute. I know how Geely's products are developed. After leaving Geely Automobile, I went to Jianghuai Automobile as the technical director of Power Institute.

Looking back on a historical event, we should not only affirm its achievements, but also point out its shortcomings. Otherwise, if they are all good, how can they finally quit the historical stage? This must show that it has shortcomings and fatal injuries. Summing up historical experience and lessons is to link the past with the future. This is my opening remarks.

Before the topic begins, we might as well make a basic evaluation and conclusion on the red flag: under the premise of planned economy era, the red flag is a 100% political product. Therefore, with the gradual emergence, extension and development of market economy, it will inevitably withdraw from the historical stage.

From 1960 to 1980, with the dual support of national policy and economy, FAW Car Factory made 100% localization, and built a production position and development capacity with an annual output of about 200 vehicles. The total number of cars is 56 12, the car factory produces 3,454 cars, FAW produces 165438 and 265 cars, and domestic cooperation produces 745 cars, accounting for 1/4 of the total contract price according to the unit price.

According to the regulations of the State Council and State Affairs Administration at that time, Hongqi CA770 was used as a national concierge car for heads above the level of deputy prime minister and those who enjoyed the treatment of deputy prime minister. However, less than 100 people in China can reach this level, and the number of cars of this level in the domestic market is 1500, which is enough. In other words, except for scrapping and updating (there was no export plan at that time), the market was saturated.

198 1 Beidaihe meeting, the main leaders said that since you (FAW) produce a car, you should not produce it. What did public opinion say at that time? In June of that year, the State Council issued the "Three Orders for Energy Saving", accusing Hongqi CA770 of high fuel consumption and ordering it to stop production, stipulating that the fuel consumption standard of automobiles should not be higher than 13 liters/100 km. However, this is the fuel consumption index of ordinary mid-level cars. How can it compare with the big three-row domestic cars?

This is because those people know nothing about cars. I made an analogy. Is it possible for a heavyweight weightlifter to eat as much food as a 13-year-old gymnast?

The fuel consumption of Red Flag CA770 is similar to that of USSR Giss 3UA- 1 1, British Rolls-Royce, American Cadillac and German Benz 600, but the fuel consumption standard has been ignored. What does this mean?

However, that was the case in China society at that time. We don't need to delve into it, history has historical evolution. 1982 and 1983, the economic system gradually changed from a purely planned economy to a planned economy, supplemented by a market economy, and foreign cars poured in frequently, which was superior to Hongqi CA770 in performance.

In the face of this spring tide, as a 100% political product of the planned economy, there are really not many big problems, and small problems continue. Any improvement measures will not help, and the result can only be to stop production. Therefore, the prerequisite for talking about the red flag is not to be 100% sure about it, otherwise, how could it be possible to quit the historical stage just after producing 15 10 (referring to the red flag CA770)? Because the market economy has already begun.

▲ Participate in the interview of the program group "Remember Homesickness". The picture on the right shows a century of wisdom, and the picture is provided by Dang Weiguang.

Do the opposite.

1966, I went to faw car factory, and Shi ruzhen was the chief engineer. A lot of work has been done in the early development of Hongqi, and the basic prototype of Hongqi CA770 has come out.

Regarding some quality problems of the red flag, everyone has been doing experiments and paid a lot of manpower and cost. I guess others will talk about many wonderful things, that is, reference prototype model from scratch, and design the shape and layout in combination with China's special aesthetic point of view. The red flag has changed from two rows of seats to three rows of seats, which has a lot of originality.

These are undeniable, but after all, its production batch is very small. As an authentic political vehicle, Hongqi has an annual output of at most 156 and at least one vehicle. In the most economical case, its cost is at least 80,000 yuan/vehicle, but the price at that time should not exceed 50,000 yuan, which is only a symbolic price.

Things have always been like this: without quantity, there is no quality. Only those people in the car factory made the red flag. Although it was beyond their power, they still made it, and they were basically used. It was already very good and very valuable. The production of Hongqi FAW has no cost, so it is a "political product of the planned economy era". Once you encounter a market economy other than the planned economy, it will inevitably decline gradually until it disappears.

Reform and opening up began at 1978, and the economic system has gone through three stages and processes. First of all, it was called "socialist planned economy" before the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee. At that time, we middle-level cadres were concentrated in one place for a week and were not allowed to contact anyone else. This is the beginning. Then, it becomes "socialist planned economy as the mainstay, supplemented by market economy". Later, it was "Socialism with Chinese characteristics market economy".

I summarized the development of Red Flag.

First, in the absence of reference to the prototype, it is true that the Chinese people have gradually explored a prototype car, which was built by the Chinese people themselves, which is hard for anyone to deny.

Whether it's the modeling of the front end of the red flag and the palace lantern at the back end, or the steering wheel and interior, it's all the hard work of workers for many years, which really enhanced the ambition of China people and met the demand of central vehicles at that time. It is not easy for the Red Flag to eventually become a national leader, a leader above ministerial level, a major leader of major military regions, and a reception car for foreign guests.

The second is to train and train a large number of people. At that time, the practice was basically that one person was responsible for a complete piece, and both leaders and workers should be familiar with products, performance, technology, production, testing, after-sales service and other aspects.

In fact, there were less than 50 people at the beginning, and most of them gradually became capable people in various fields. Yang Jianzhong is the main engine, and the chassis team leader is Hua Fulin. That's really capable. Even Li Shufu said, I'll raise you to the old age, and you can stay here all your life, whether you go to work or not.

Third, Red Flag has great international influence. Foreign heads of state want to wear red flags when they come to China, and they are proud of it. This is the glory and pride of China people.

Fourth, continue to develop Hongqi CA750 and Hongqi CA760, and continue to support FAW-Volkswagen. We can't do it without an old car.

After Hongqi was forced to stop production, FAW Car Factory immediately manufactured Hongqi CA630 van. I have differences with them on this issue. They want to move the red flag chassis and gearbox to the red flag CA630 intact. I made it clear at that time that some things can be moved and some things can't be moved, especially the automatic gearbox can't be copied. Because the red flag CA770 automatic gearbox has only two gears, and the van needs at least four or even five gears.

At that time, I was just an ordinary car designer, just a person in charge of the automatic gearbox assembly, and I didn't accept my words. I went to see Shi Ruzhen behind my back. He said that when the big red flag (CA770) dismounted, there must be some models that can be replaced, otherwise it is hard to say that these people have nothing to do. Hongqi CA630 was only produced for a short time and then stopped production.

& ltsp

This article comes from Bunning Studio, author Hao, and the copyright belongs to the author. Please contact the author for any form of reprint. The content only represents the author's point of view and has nothing to do with the car reform.