The shoulder is nailed. Don't make up for it. This part will be squeezed and deformed when it touches the ground during driving, and it may leak soon. If the shoulder is nailed, it's best to replace the tire directly instead of patching it.
The tire is the only part of the vehicle that touches the ground, and the tire is related to the driving stability and driving safety factor of the vehicle. If the part touching the ground is pierced, it can still be repaired. If the tire wall is punctured, it is recommended not to repair it.
Nowadays, automobile tires are basically radial tires, which are mainly composed of plies and rubber. The ply is composed of transverse and longitudinal cords (some of which are steel wires), which mainly play the role of bearing, while rubber mainly plays the role of sealing and flexible deformation.
The tire was punctured and deflated, mainly because the airtight layer of the tire was destroyed. This can be repaired. But if the tire cord is damaged, it will directly affect the strength of the tire. The more the cord is broken, the greater the hidden danger of puncture. Similarly, if the tire cord is not punctured, the tire can still be used normally after the air tightness is restored.
Tires are rubber products, and rubber products will age when used for a long time. Of course, riders need to change their tires regularly. It is recommended that riders change their tires every four years. After four years of use, the tires will obviously age.