At the end of the Warring States Period, there were eight solar terms in the "December Record" of Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals, such as beginning of spring, vernal equinox, long summer, summer solstice, beginning of autumn, autumn equinox, beginning of winter and winter solstice. These eight solar terms are the most important of the 24 solar terms. These eight solar terms mark the change of seasons and clearly divide the four seasons of the year. Later, when the book Huai Nan Zi was published, the names of the 24 solar terms were exactly the same as those of the modern ones. This is the earliest record of 24 solar terms in the history of China. Textual research on unearthed cultural relics discovered by archaeology shows that solar terms were adopted in the Western Han Dynasty in China. There are eight sections and twenty-four solar terms in Zhou Bi suan Jing in Han Dynasty. Most of them represent climate change, differences between objects and images, and are closely integrated with agriculture. Therefore, at that time, we can grasp the seasonal changes from the eight solar terms and decide to sow and harvest crops in time.
China has been a country with a very developed agriculture since ancient times. Due to the close relationship between agriculture and meteorology, ancient farmers have accumulated rich experience in the relationship between agricultural time and seasonal changes in long-term agricultural labor practice. For the convenience of memory, connect the words of the 24 solar terms into a rhyme:
Spring rain shocks spring and clear valley days, summer is full of mountains and summer is connected with heat, autumn dew is cold and frost, and winter snow drifts.
The formulation of the twenty-four solar terms integrates the characteristics of astronomy, meteorology and crop growth, and accurately reflects the characteristics of natural forces in a year. So it is still used in agricultural production and is deeply loved by farmers.
Definition of 24 solar terms
Some people think that the 24 solar terms are subordinate to the lunar calendar, but they are actually defined according to the solar calendar, that is, according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic, a year is divided into 24 equal parts. That is to say, the ecliptic is divided into 24 equal parts, each equal part accounts for 15 degrees of the ecliptic. Because the time required for the sun to pass through each bisection is almost equal, the Gregorian calendar dates of the 24 solar terms are roughly the same: the first half of the year is around the 6th, 2 1, and the second half is around the 8th and 23rd. There are two formulas:
There will be 621 in the first half of the year and 823 in the second half.
In ancient times, solar terms were called "qi", and there were two qi in each month: the former was called "solar terms" and the latter was called "neutral qi". The monthly distribution of the 24 solar terms is shown in the following table, which is closely related to the arrangement of the lunar leap month.
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