British physicist, chemist and famous self-taught scientist.

1791September 22nd was born in a poor blacksmith family in Newington, Surrey. Because his family was poor, he only attended primary school for a few years, and 13 was an apprentice in a bookstore. The work in the bookstore gave him the opportunity to read many science books. After delivering the newspaper for binding, I taught myself chemistry and electricity, and did a simple experiment to verify the contents of the book. In his spare time, he participated in the learning activities of the Municipal Philosophy Society and listened to lectures on natural philosophy, so he accepted the basic education of natural science. Because of his love and dedication to scientific research, he was appreciated by British chemist David. 18 13 In March, David recommended him to be a laboratory assistant at the Royal Institute. This was a turning point in Faraday's life, and he embarked on the road of devoting himself to scientific research. In June 65438+in the same year 10, David went to the European continent for scientific investigation and lectures, and Faraday went with him as his secretary and assistant. A year and a half later, I passed through France, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and other countries and met famous scholars such as Ampere and Gay-Lussac. Along the way, Faraday assisted David to do many chemical experiments, which greatly enriched his scientific knowledge and increased his experimental ability, laying the foundation for his independent scientific research. 1865438+In May 2005, he returned to the Royal Institute to conduct chemical research under the guidance of David. 1824 1 was elected as a member of the royal society, 1825 was appointed as the laboratory director of the royal society in February, and 1833- 1862 was appointed as the chemistry professor of the royal society. 1846 was awarded the Renford Medal and the Royal Medal. 1867 died on August 25th.

Edison

The world-famous American electrician and inventor is known as the "king of inventions in the world". In addition to his inventions and contributions in phonograph, electric light, telephone, telegraph and film, he also has many famous creations and opinions in mining, architecture, chemical industry and other fields. Edison had about 2,000 inventions in his life, which made great contributions to the progress of human civilization.

Edison was also a great entrepreneur. 1879, Edison founded "Edison Electric Lighting Company". 1880, incandescent lamps went on sale. 1890, Edison merged its various businesses into Edison General Electric Company. 189 1 year, Edison's thin filament and high vacuum incandescent bulb were patented. 1892, Tom? Houston Company merged with Edison Electric Lighting Company to form General Electric Company. Opened the dominance of general electric in the electrical field for a century.

maxwell

Maxwell was a great British physicist and mathematician in the19th century. 183113 was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was very clever since he was a child, and his father was a knowledgeable lawyer, which made Maxwell get a good education since he was a child. /kloc-entered Edinburgh middle school at the age of 0/0. /kloc-at the age of 0/4, he published a paper on the drawing of conic curves in the Journal of Edinburgh Royal Society, which has shown his outstanding talent. 65438-0847 entered the University of Edinburgh to study mathematics and physics. 1850 transferred to the Department of Mathematics, Trinity College, Cambridge University. 1854 won the Smith Scholarship with the second place and stayed in school for two years after graduation. From 65438 to 0856, he was a professor of natural philosophy at Marisa, Aberdeen, Scotland. 1860 Professor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy, King's College London. 186 1 was elected as a member of the Royal Society of London. 1in the spring of 865, he resigned from his teaching post and went back to his hometown to systematically summarize his research achievements in electromagnetism, and completed the classic masterpiece of electromagnetic field theory "On Electricity and Magnetism", which was published in 187 1. He was hired as a newly established professor of experimental physics in Cavendish, Cambridge University, and was responsible for the preparation of the famous Cavendish laboratory 65438+.

Bi sheng

Bi Sheng (? -105 1) China ancient inventor. Buyi was born in Hezhi Township, qi zhou County, Huainan Road (now Wuguidun Village, Caopandi Town, yingshan county City, Hubei Province). I started as a printer, specializing in manual printing. In his printing practice, he is well aware of the difficulties of block printing, and earnestly summarizes the experience of predecessors. On the basis of the invention of block printing in Tang Dynasty, Bi Sheng, a citizen of Song Renzong (104 1- 1048) in Qing Dynasty, created movable type printing. This is another great contribution of China to the development of world civilization.

First place: Leonardo da Vinci (Italy)

The most famous invention: calculator

When it comes to Leonardo da Vinci and his inventions, you'd better ask such a question: "What didn't he invent?" Because he invented many things. There are many design drawings in Leonardo da Vinci's work log, but the most noteworthy is the design of the calculator. Imagine what science would be like without simple and complicated mathematical operations.

Leonardo da Vinci was the founder of the Renaissance. He can draw (such as the famous Mona Lisa), sculpt and invent. His diary has fascinated the whole world so far, describing many things from the human body to helicopters and tanks.

The coolest fact: Da Vinci's diary is more than 13000 pages long, which still affects scientific research. In 2005, a British surgeon used the method designed by Leonardo da Vinci to perform heart repair surgery, which was surprising in itself. If you know that Leonardo da Vinci knew nothing about the working mechanism of the human circulatory system at that time, then Jane.