Sugarcane and beet are distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and other places.
Sugarcane is a Gramineae sugarcane plant.
Sugarcane is an annual or perennial tropical and subtropical herb, belonging to C4 crop. The cylindrical stems in Gansu are erect, tillering, clustered, jointed and have buds on the nodes; Solid internodes, covered with wax powder, purple or yellow-green, etc.; Leaves are clustered with thick white midrib; Large panicles are terminal and have long silver hairs at the base of spikelets and small rectangular or ovoid caryopsis.
Sugarcane is a tall and sturdy perennial herb. Rhizomes are stout and developed. The culm is 3 to 6 meters high. The diameter is 2 ~ 5 cm, and there are 20 ~ 40 nodules. The lower nodules are short and thick and covered with white powder. Leaf sheaths are longer than their internodes, and there is no hair except sheath mouth; Ligule is extremely short, ciliate, leaf blade length 1 m, width 4-6 cm, hairless, midvein thick, white, serrated and rough. Panicle is large, about 50 cm long, the main axis is hairless except nodes, and there is no filamentous hair below the inflorescence; Racemes are mostly whorled and dense; Raceme axis internodes and spikelet stalks glabrous; Spikelets linear oblong, 3.5 to 4 mm long; The basal plate is filiform and 2 to 3 times longer than spikelets; The first glume ridge is veined, not pilose, sharp at the top and membranous at the edge; The second glume has 3 veins, the midvein is ridged, rough, hairless or ciliate; The first lemma is membranous, subequal to the glume, and glabrous; The second lemma is tiny, awnless or degenerated; Second palea lanceolate; The pulp is hairless.
Taiwan Province, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and other southern tropical areas are widely planted.
Main value
nutritive value
Sugarcane is rich in sugar and water, in addition, it also contains a variety of vitamins, fats, protein, organic acids, calcium, iron and other substances that are very beneficial to human metabolism. Sugarcane can not only add sweetness to food, but also provide nutrients and calories needed by human body.
Medicinal value
Sugarcane tastes sweet, astringent and flat. Has the effects of regulating qi, invigorating spleen, benefiting large intestine, resolving phlegm and quenching thirst.
economic value
Sugarcane can also be made into sucrose esters and fructose syrup.
Bagasse, waste honey and filter mud can be made into paper, fiberboard, particleboard, furfural, feed, food culture medium, alcohol, dry ice, yeast, citric acid, lysine, glacial acetic acid, monosodium glutamate, glycerol, cement and fertilizer.
Sugarcane shoots, sugarcane leaves, bagasse bran, waste molasses or alcohol waste liquid can be used as feed for ruminants such as cattle and sheep. Granular feed can be made by mixing molasses and filter mud into grain feed; Waste residue and waste liquid discharged from sugar factories can also be used as fertilizer for sugarcane.
Sugarcane is the main raw material for sugar production in China, accounting for more than 80% of the total sugar output. Sugar is one of the necessities of human beings, and it is also an important raw material for candy, beverage and other food industries. At the same time, sugarcane is an important raw material for light industry, chemical industry and energy.