Masterpiece: Guili Palace (かつらりきゅぅ), KatsuraRikyu in Japanese, built in 1620- 1624). On the west bank of Guichuan in the west of Kyoto, Japan, there is an antique building hidden among green trees. This is the famous Guilin Palace. Guilin Palace covers an area of 6.94 hectares, with mountains, lakes and islands. The mountains are shaded by pine, cypress, maple and bamboo, and the water in the lake is crystal clear and the reflection is like a mirror. The pavilions on the island are strewn at random. The main buildings of Guili Palace are Academy, Qin Songting, Smile Pavilion, Garden Hall, Moon Tower and Flower Pavilion. In the aspect of "landscape beautification", architects pay attention to clarity and broadness. The whole scenic spot is centered on the "heart-shaped pool" artificial lake, and the lakes and mountains blend together. There are five islands in the lake, with earth bridges, wooden bridges and stone bridges leading to the shore. Shore paths extend in all directions, giving people the feeling of "winding paths leading to secluded places". Qin Songting, Garden Hall and Smile Pavilion are all Japanese "teahouse" buildings, where members of the royal family can enjoy tea, view and rest. The Moon Wave Building faces the southeast, facing the heart pool, and is a special place to enjoy the moon. There are thousands of ancient books and antiques in the academy, all of which are treasures of the royal family. Japanese garden type: 1, dry landscape. The most famous "dry landscape" gardens are Nan Ting, abbot of Long 'an Temple, and Bei Dongting, abbot of Daxian Academy. Also known as false landscape, it is a unique gardening technique in Japan and the essence of Japanese gardens. Its essential meaning is waterless courtyard, that is, white sand is applied in the garden, decorated with stone groups or suitable trees, which is named because there is no mountain and no water. 2. Chiquan Garden is a garden structure centered on Chiquan, which embodies the essential characteristics of Japanese gardens, that is, the characteristics of island countries. The park is centered on the pool, with islands, waterfalls, heaped mountains, streams, small bridges and pavilions. 3. Jianshan Pavilion is a garden composed of rocks, trees, flying stones and stone lanterns. Generally, large scale is needed to represent the open rivers and mountains, and natural terrain is often used for artificial beautification to achieve profound and rich scenery. The hills in Zhushan Pavilion in Japan are called hills or hills in China gardens, and they are called "Zhushan" (Dagang Hill) or "Wild Tendons" (hills or hillsides with gentle slopes) in Japan. Generally, there are Chiquan Gardens in Japanese courtyards, but they are not necessarily mountains, that is, Chiquan Gardens are the main ones in Japan, supplemented by mountain gardens. 4. Pingting is a garden planned and built on a flat foundation. Generally, the scenery of the valley or Yuan Ye is represented in a flat garden, and various natural scenery is composed of various rocks, plants, stone lamps and streams, mostly grass and flower beds. According to the different materials in the court, there are Zhiting, Taiting, Sha Ting and Shi Ting. Both Pingting Pavilion and Zhushan Pavilion have three formats: true, moving and grass. 5. Tea garden, also known as dew court and dew road, is a garden form that integrates tea ceremony into the garden and is created for tea ceremony etiquette. The area is very small and can be located in Zhushan Court and Pingting Court. Generally, a space before entering the teahouse is decorated with various landscapes. According to a certain route, step on the stone road, pass the toilet and wash the bowl, and finally reach the destination. Teahouses are like gardens in China, but the spatial changes are not as rich as those in China. The atmosphere of the garden is characterized by bare stepping stones symbolizing rugged mountain roads, pine leaves on the ground symbolizing dense forests, squatting hand-washing bowls symbolizing holy springs and holy water, and walls and stone lanterns imitating the solemn and quiet temple communities of ancient temples. Characteristics of Japanese gardens: Japan is an island country with a unique natural environment, warm and rainy climate, distinct four seasons, dense forests and rich and beautiful natural landscapes, which gave birth to the Japanese aesthetic view of conforming to and praising nature, and even the names are mostly related to nature. This aesthetic view laid the foundation of Japanese national spirit, and made the view of returning to nature reflected in various works. 1. Pure Japanese gardens are famous for their pure and natural style. It is different from "man sees nature" in China gardens, but "nature sees man". It mainly embodies and symbolizes the natural landscape, avoids the traces of artificial axes and creates a simple and peaceful realm of beauty. 2. When expressing nature, Japanese gardens pay more attention to the exquisiteness and concentration of nature, and create a spiritual feeling that can make people calm and extraordinary, thus making Japanese gardens durable, resistant to accumulation, exquisite and delicate, which is worthy of careful experience. It has outstanding symbolic significance and can arouse the viewer's thinking and understanding of life. 3. The beauty of Japanese small gardens lies in their delicacy, loneliness, mystery and abstraction. The largest is only one acre, and the smallest is only a few square meters. Japanese gardens use these elements to achieve great artistic effects. Although Japanese gardens were influenced by China gardens in the early days, they formed their own characteristics in the long-term development process, especially small courtyards. 4. Plants Three quarters of Japanese gardens are composed of plants, rocks and water bodies. Therefore, in terms of planting design, a prominent feature of Japanese garden plants is that there are not many varieties of plants in the same garden, and one or two plants are often used as the main landscape plants, and one or two plants are selected as the landscape plants, which are distinct and simple in form, but very beautiful. The selection of materials is mainly evergreen trees with few flowers, which have many special meanings, such as pine trees representing longevity, perfect cherry blossoms, pure iris and so on. 5. Impression of Buddhism and Zen In 538 AD, the Japanese began to accept Buddhism and sent some students and craftsmen to ancient China to study inland art and culture. In13rd century, another Buddhist sect, Zen, which originated in China, became popular in Japan. In order to reflect the asceticism and self-discipline pursued by Zen practitioners, Japanese gardens began to abandon the previous Chiquan gardens, but used some static elements such as evergreen trees, moss and sand to create a dry landscape garden, and almost no flowering plants were used in the garden to achieve the purpose of self-cultivation and self-cultivation.