1935 65438+ 10, which caused Chiang Kai-shek's panic after the Central Red Army occupied Zunyi area. In order to prevent the Central Red Army from crossing the river to meet the Red Fourth Army in the north, or from joining the Red Second Army and the Red Sixth Army in the east, he combined the Hunan Army and the Hubei Army into one to besiege the Red Second Army and the Red Sixth Army, and used the Sichuan Army and the Shaanxi Army to deal with the Red Fourth Army. And concentrated 148 regiment * * * about 400,000 troops to advance to Zunyi in an attempt to encircle Sichuan and Guizhou in the northwest of Wujiang River.
However, the situation is fierce and the form is grim. Mao Zedong solemnly pointed out: According to the current enemy situation, the original plan of crossing the river from Luzhou to Yibin is no longer feasible. In order to get rid of the deadlock and win the initiative, we must order the troops to quickly withdraw from the battle, cross the Chishui River to the west, go north along Gu Lin and Xuyong, find a way to cross the Jinsha River from Yibin to the northwest, March into western Sichuan, and cooperate with the Red Fourth Front Army to carry out a general counterattack from northwest Sichuan. Mao Zedong's decisive decision was unanimously endorsed by the participants.
On October 29th, 65438/kloc-0, under the command of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Chen Yun and Liu Bocheng, the Central Red Army successfully crossed the Chishui River from Tucheng, Simianchang and Taipingdu. Since then, the prelude to the Battle of Sidu Chishui has been opened.
Durchishui River
The situation shows that it is difficult for the Central Red Army to cross the Yangtze River northward and March into western Sichuan according to the plan decided by Zunyi Conference. At the same time, if we mechanically carry out the original strategic plan and wait for crossing the river for a long time, we will also be surrounded by the superior forces of the Kuomintang army, which is extremely unfavorable to the Red Army. Therefore, according to Mao Zedong's opinion, on February 7th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission decided to suspend the plan of crossing the Yangtze River in the north, and instead conducted mobile operations in the Sichuan-Guizhou-Yunnan border region, taking advantage of the contradiction between the enemy and ourselves, giving full play to the advantages and disadvantages of the Red Army's mobile warfare and implementing highly flexible mobile warfare.
After the Central Red Army entered the Sichuan-Guizhou-Yunnan border region, the Kuomintang troops crossed the Chishui River in succession, chasing and intercepting, and the troops in northern Guizhou were empty. Therefore, Mao Zedong decided that in order to annihilate the enemy, he ordered the Central Red Army to cross the Chishui River eastward. Accordingly, the Central Red Army, under the command of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Zhu De, crossed the Chishui River from Taipingdu and Erlangtan on February/0/8, 2008, that is, crossed the Chishui River for the second time and marched into northern Guizhou.
Sandu Chishui River
When Chiang Kai-shek learned in Nanjing that Zunyi, Loushanguan and Tongzi were lost again, he immediately went on the rampage, saying that this was a great shame since the pursuit of the national army. Later, he decided to drop everything in his hand and fly to Chongqing to supervise the war, but it was still useless.
On March 16, according to Mao Zedong's instructions, the Central Red Army crossed the Chishui River from the Maotai area to the west, that is, the third place to cross the Chishui River. It adopted the method of crossing the river during the day, deliberately bravado and pretended to cross the Yangtze River to the north, forcing the enemy to readjust their deployment, and then crossed the Chishui River to the west for pursuit, then crossed the Chishui River to the east, and quickly pushed south, jumping out of the encirclement and interception circle of the Kuomintang army.
Sidu Chishui River
When the main forces of the Kuomintang army crossed the Chishui River to the west one after another, Mao Zedong seized the opportunity of the enemy's "failure to be trapped" and secretly turned to the east. On March 2 1 day, he quickly and resolutely crossed the Chishui River from Erlangtan and Taipingdu areas to the east, that is, Sidu Chishui River, and then entered northern Guizhou again, looking for opportunities to cross the Wujiang River to the south. At that time, in order to confuse the enemy, the Red Army marched into Gu Lin in the guise of 1 regiment, pretending to cross the Jinsha River in the north and join forces with the Red Fourth Army.
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Historical significance
The Battle of Sidu Chishui is the most thrilling and wonderful military action since the Red Army's Long March. Not only did it get rid of the encirclement and suppression of the dominant Kuomintang army and seize the initiative of strategic transfer, but it also completed the fundamental transformation of the party's strategic guiding ideology from the combination of theory and practice, which is amazing so far.
The Battle of Sidu Chishui was that Mao Zedong, according to the change of the situation and drawing lessons from previous battles, skillfully guided the Central Red Army to penetrate among the heavily armed groups of the Kuomintang army, flexibly changed the direction of operations, won opportunities for the Red Army, made fighter planes, annihilated a large number of Kuomintang troops in the movement, firmly grasped the initiative in the battlefield, took the initiative in the war history of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants, and achieved a decisive victory in strategic shift. Mao Zedong once said that Sidu Chishui was the "proud pen" in his life.
Harrison Salisbury, an American writer, wrote in The Long March-An Unknown Story: The Long March is unique and unparalleled. Sidu Chishui is "the most brilliant and magical chapter in the history of the Long March".
Baidu encyclopedia-sidu Chishui