In which continent are rubies and sapphires mainly produced?

Ruby has been a precious gem in the world since ancient times. It is one of the twelve treasures that God has given to mankind, and it has always been a collection that businessmen and dignitaries scramble to buy. High-grade rubies are insatiable, and other red minerals cannot be compared with their natural beauty and bright red of "pigeon blood". In China, people pay attention to prosperity, and red represents good luck. In Europe, rubies are still regarded as the witness of marriage at royal weddings. It was named July Birthstone. The mineral name of ruby is corundum, and its chemical molecular formula is A 12O3. Ruby is red corundum, including light red to deep red corundum, all in red tones.

The quality of ruby is mainly evaluated by color, clarity and cutting. Colors are red, orange, crimson and pink, among which pure red is the best. Clarity refers to the size, quantity, position and contrast of defects in rubies. The fewer defects, the better. More defects will affect the transparency and durability of rubies. Cutting is the requirement of cutting shape, proportion, symmetry and decoration degree. The cut shape is the shape of the gem to be cut and ground, and the proportion refers to the ratio of the waist width to the full depth of the cut shape. The general cutting ratio is 60%~80%. Symmetry depends on whether the waist of the gem is symmetrical, whether the bottom tip is eccentric and whether the table is inclined. The degree of modification is the uniformity of facet arrangement.

Ruby is mainly produced in marble, calcium-bearing feldspar, vermiculite and ordinary pegmatite, strength layered plagioclase complex, basalt, gneiss, granulite and mica schist of deep metamorphic rock series. Famous producing areas are Gu Mo, Myanmar, Afghanistan, Pamirs of the former Soviet Union, Thailand, Viet Nam, etc. Ruby can be divided into the following categories according to its origin:

1. Ruby in Myanmar: Myanmar is the most famous ruby producing area and has been famous since ancient times. In particular, a ruby called "Dove Blood Red" produced in Gu Mo, northern Myanmar, is the best among rubies. Bright and dazzling, just like the chest blood of a local pigeon bird, hence the name "pigeon blood red". The color distribution of Burmese rubies is uneven, and they are often flocculent in different shades.

2. Ruby in Thailand: Thailand is also an important producer of rubies. Most rubies in Thailand are dark in color, ranging from purple to brown. In addition, there are almost no rutile inclusions, so there are no varieties in the star ruby.

3. Ruby in Sri Lanka: Ruby is slightly lighter in color, mostly pink, and contains a lot of rutile and zircon inclusions.

4. Vietnamese ruby: The color is between Burmese ruby and Thai ruby. The overall color is darker than Burmese ruby, but lighter than Thai ruby, showing purple and light purple.

5. Ruby in China: At present, there are as many as seven or eight ruby producing areas in China, mainly distributed in Qinghai, Anhui, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Heilongjiang, Qinghai and other provinces, among which Yunnan ruby is the best ruby mineral discovered in China in recent years.

National Stone Attribute National Number (***39)

1 diamond high-grade gem Namibia, South Africa, Britain, the Netherlands

2 rubies, high-grade gems, Myanmar

Sapphire is a high-grade gem in America and Greece.

Emerald high-grade gemstones Colombia, Peru, Spain

5 opal high-grade gemstones Sri Lanka, Portugal

6 Emerald High-grade Emerald New Zealand

7 Opal high-grade jadeite Australia, Hungary, Czech Republic

Pearl high-grade organic gem India, Arabia, Philippines and France.

9 Coral advanced organic gemstones Italy, Yugoslavia, Algeria, Morocco

10 German and Romanian amber high-grade organic gemstones

1 1 ivory intermediate organic gem Zaire