195 1 Jun: Aixing Electric Industry Co., Ltd. was established in Tokyo to manufacture and sell electric communication machines.
Chiyoda District of the city was established and began to develop microphones.
1959 10: The company name was changed to Aihua Co., Ltd.
1960 10: Utsunomiya Workshop on Shanghu Festival opened in Utsunomiya City.
196 1 year1October: officially listed on Tokyo Stock Exchange (Part II).
1Feb. 967: Iwate Iwate Co., Ltd., a rock manual workshop in Zibo County, Iwate Prefecture, was established.
1Feb. 969: Due to the increase of third-party insurance coverage and financing problems, Sony was accepted to join Aihua.
1Feb. 974: Huaquan Seiki Co., Ltd.-Aihua Huaquan Co., Ltd. was formally established.
1974 65438+February: Aiwa established Aiwa Singapore Limited in Singapore.
65438+May 0975: Tokyo Stock Exchange (Part I) designated Aiwa as a constituent stock, Utsunomiya, Kojiro-CHO, Yu Dou.
North Workshop -ES Center Established
August 1976: Aiwa set up a branch in Britain.
August 1977: Aiwa establishes a branch in West Germany.
June 1978: Aiwa establishes a branch in the United States.
1980 65438+1October: Aihua established Aihua Enterprise Co., Ltd. in Japan.
1September, 980: Aihua set up a production workshop in Britain.
1Feb. 983: Aihua set up a branch in France.
1March, 989: Aihua established Aihua Electronics Co., Ltd. in Hong Kong (in cooperation with Qixiang Group).
1Feb. 990: Aihua established Aihua Electric Appliance Co., Ltd. in Taiwan Province Province.
1may 990: aihua set up a branch in the United Arab Emirates.
199 1 year1October: Aiwa set up a factory and branch in Malaysia.
199 1 year1kloc-0/month: Aihua set up a factory in Urawa, Japan.
1March, 994: Aihua set up a branch in Panama.
1April 1995: Aiwa established other functional branches in the United States.
June 1996: Aiwa set up a branch in the Netherlands.
1April, 997: Aihua set up a branch in Indonesia.
1March, 998: Aihua opened a workshop in Indonesia.
June 65438+July 0998: Aiwa has established two branches in the UK and has other functions.
1999 10: Aiwa established Aiwa Co., Ltd. in Hong Kong (cooperation with Qixiang Group was terminated).
June, 2000165438+1October: Aiwa established a branch in Thailand.
June 2000: Aiwa established a branch with other functions in Malaysia.
April, 2002: Development of various assembly technology related functions in Kanda District Center, Tokyo.
June 5438+February 2003: Aiwa and Sony formally merged.
It can be seen that Sony entered the history of Aihua as early as 1969. 1987 When the Asian financial turmoil broke out, Aihua almost went bankrupt. Sony helped Aiwa at the request of Aiwa, and increased its equity to about 5 1%. Sony held Aiwa until it merged from 1992 to 12 in 2003. However, the two companies reached a consensus that the production of walkman is a healthy competition, forming a strong alliance to jointly occupy the high, medium and low-end walkman market and compete with Panasonic, Toshiba, Sharp and JVC. Also, Aiwa's production line is responsible for producing Sony's portable camcorders, televisions and video recorders, while Sony provides Aihua with CD and MD technologies, which is called resource sharing in economics. (Sony's MZ- 1 and Aihua's AMD- 100 are exactly the same, which is obvious proof. There is no such thing as OEM in Aihua's MD, and later AM-F90 and MDLP MD are just historical repeats of the former). However, Aiwa was the first enterprise to be impacted by the Japanese economic collapse in the late 1980s (the Japanese term is "feudal economy"), which was totally incompatible with Aiwa's leap-forward development and quickly became an international enterprise. Aiwa's production diversification strategy has stood a severe test. As early as before 1985, the yen was at a disadvantage (depreciation) under the unfavorable factors of the news of the meeting of finance ministers of the five countries. Aiwa lost 654,380.9 billion yen in March and 654,380.6 billion yen in September, totaling 654,380.7 billion yen (Aiwa's assets at that time were only 800 million yen). At that time, Yoshida Jin, Sony's vice president and president's top advisor, and Mao Jizhao, vice president's advisor and executive director, decided to close Utsunomiya South Workshop, transfer the functions of Iwate Workshop, and terminate the VTR production line in BETA mode, so as to reorganize the structure of Aihua Company and reduce the number of Japanese sales points from 80 to 40. 1July, 986, Aihua hoped that 700 people would be laid off voluntarily. The number of employees in the whole company has been reduced from 3 150 to150 (in March 2003, it was114), with about 35% layoffs and barely Ai. Under the reform of equipment compression and personnel reduction, workshop production has also begun to reduce the cost of products, that is, the so-called function reduction and low-price sales (which explains that Aihua rarely sees the beauty of BBE in later products, which is also caused by cost control. The last time Aihua used BBE's Hi-Fi was XR-98MKII made in Japan in 2000. This strategy is very successful. By about 1992, Aihua's financial situation has improved. Aihua took the 40th anniversary of the company's establishment as an opportunity, and took the operation as an opportunity. In June of 199 1, AIWA changed its capital to lowercase Aiwa. This brand change symbolizes that after the business crisis of 1986, it has entered a reassuring business period, hoping to earn more profits. 199 1 year XG series (domestic in Japan), namely NSX series (foreign) Hi-Fi was widely praised, which made Aihua's performance very ideal. The total turnover of Aiwa in 1994 is about160 billion yen. President Mao Muzhao of Aihua once said: "It is our basic policy to supply the goods demanded by consumers at the prices demanded by consumers. It is also welcomed by consumers all over the world, because products with superior performance and unique characteristics can be supplied at attractive prices. In mature and advanced national markets, such as CD audio equipment or tape recorders, when they are supplied, they will include suggestions on how to use them to create new demands. In the markets of Southeast Asian countries, developing countries such as Central and South America, or emerging markets such as China and Eastern Europe, integrate sales and service bases to open up markets. The market distribution of audio products such as bedside stereo, walkman, CD burner and video products such as video recorders has also expanded. Unfortunately, it didn't last long. 1995, Aiwa once again faced competition from other companies in the development of new electrical products, especially during the Warring States period when Aiwa joined the development of computer products. With the rapid development of computer products and the unstable prices of computer central processing unit, memory and other components, Aihua gave up the competition in the Japanese computer market and moved to the computer market in Southeast Asia, but the result was not satisfactory. As for other electrical products, Aiwa is also facing a decline in the Japanese market, but its performance in the Southeast Asian market is still satisfactory (for example, Taiwan Province Province has 30% and Hong Kong has 30-40% market share). Aiwa produced dial-up modems in 1995, but with the arrival of ISDN, Aiwa's production advantages, price and advanced nature in this field were challenged by new technologies introduced by other companies. The cassette walkman was unexpectedly replaced by CD and MD walkman, which led to its decline and the AV equipment market continued to shrink, but Aihua still clung to it. 1997 After the Asian financial turmoil, the economy of Southeast Asia collapsed due to the depreciation of the Japanese yen, and Aihua once again fell into a business crisis. Aiwa lost 6.8 billion yen in 2000 (123 billion yen in March 2003), which was the most profitable year since its establishment 49 years ago. Compared with other companies, the technology is weak. Compared with China, the proportion of overseas production is too high, and the wages of workers in overseas factories are too high, which makes Aihua gradually close overseas factories. In June 2000, Yukio Ishida, president of Aiwa, resigned due to the company's business failure (the former president was Tomaki), and his position was replaced by Osone Xingyuan appointed by Sony, becoming the last president of Aiwa before the merger.
The fall of Aihua symbolizes the collapse of Japan's bubble economy, and it has also become the object that enterprises, especially domestic enterprises, take as a warning, which really deserves our reflection. The crisis of Aiwa's bankruptcy by Sony is not the most important reason for its decline, but the charm of Aiwa's products gradually runs counter to consumers' willingness to buy. Consumers feel that Aiwa's products have no difference in appearance and function (Aiwa used to get involved in household appliances and household goods markets, such as telephones, air purifiers, electric toothbrushes, warm water washing machines, etc.). Aihua should remind consumers of its existence, and its future products must have their own personality (this can be disproved by the fact that many products under Aihua often enjoy the same machine mold in the later period).
Now I can hardly see Aihua's products. 1999 I saw an Aihua combined desktop stereo in Zhongshan Electronic City, Nanjing, with 5.25-inch bullet-proof cloth and high-pitched liquid-cooled metal film, and the sound quality was comparable to HI-FI. Including card holder, CD and tuning input, the price is ￥ 6,700. Another said that Aihua was the predecessor of 1995 popular audio brand Bodysonic, and later renamed Aihua. We can't see any Aihua products on the market now. I guess there should be one in the second-hand market.