[Edit this paragraph]

1. Spring Festival, customarily called "Chinese New Year", is the most solemn traditional folk festival of Xingning people, and Xingning people who go out to work during the New Year will go home for the New Year. After the 25th day of the twelfth lunar month is called "the divination of entering the New Year", people are busy preparing new year's dishes, new year's goods, seasonal cakes and fruits, brewing "old wine" with Hakka characteristics, and making "fried heaps" or "golden mass ceremonies" made of glutinous rice (called "oil pot ceremony" and "cut heaps" when used for white affairs or fasting in Downing, Ningzhong and Ningxin towns). On the 25th day of the twelfth lunar month, people in Xingning pay great attention to omens, and are not allowed to swear or say unlucky things. As the saying goes, "it's easy to talk when you get into the new year."

The first day of the first month. In the early morning (midnight), people present three sacrifices, fruit cakes and incense sticks to Marshal Zhao Gong, and set off firecrackers to welcome the God of Wealth, so it is customary to set off firecrackers at midnight on New Year's Eve. At dawn, people gathered in the ancestral temple to worship their ancestors, and the ceremony was solemn. Since 1950s, this custom has been gradually abolished. Sacrificial ceremonies are also relatively simple. Few people share the same sacrifice, but every village and every house pays homage to it separately. Most of them are attended by elders, and young people seldom know its ceremony and content.

The second day and the fourth day are the days to visit relatives and friends.

The third day, commonly known as "Poor People's Day". People don't go out as guests on this day. Now the old customs have changed. As usual, the third day is a guest, and there are many entertainment and sports activities on this day.

The fifth day of the first month, called "Year", means that one year has passed. As the saying goes, "After the third day and the fourth day, everyone has an idea."

2. Watching lanterns "Watching lanterns" is a unique traditional festival in parts of Xingning and Wuhua, which is equivalent to the Lantern Festival. The time varies from the eighth day of the first month to the sixteenth day of the first month, depending on the situation of each clan and village, with the eleventh and twelfth days of the first month as the most. During the period, there are "lighting" before the Lantern Festival (from the fifth day to the tenth day of the first month) and "warm lights" after the festival (from the 16th to the 28th day of the first month).

Local customs and practices

[Edit this paragraph]

Hakka dwellings

The northern part of Xingning is dominated by mountains, and the buildings are mainly quadrangular buildings. The village is rectangular and has a two-story structure. Because of the geographical relationship, villages are built by mountains and generally have ponds. Hakka is a typical self-sufficient economy. Without fish ponds, it is difficult to eat fish. According to the old man, when the quadrangle was built, the cost was extremely amazing, especially the slurry and mud used for wall building were all glutinous rice slurry! The wall built in this way is extremely strong, and it is difficult for ordinary nails to drive in.

Hakka dwellings in Xingning are mainly divided into two styles: North Mountain and South Water. The south is similar to a water town, with enclosure dragon house as the main structure. There is a grain flat in front of the enclosure dragon house, which is mainly used for drying crops and weddings. In front of Heping, there is a pond for fish farming, laundry and fire prevention. In summer, it has become a paradise for children to swim. In front of most villages, there is a small river for farmland irrigation. There are fish and shrimp in the river. There is a dense private bamboo forest behind the house, where all kinds of birds live and live in peace with people.

People's environment

Hakka is a Han nationality with similar folk culture. Historically, it gradually moved southward from the Yellow River basin, and then most of them lived in the border areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi.

Now Xingning is in Gondor, which was the residence of Baiyue nationality in ancient times. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Han nationality in the Central Plains gradually moved south and merged with the local aborigines. According to the investigation of the national conditions of 100 counties and cities in China, most of the residents in Xingning are descendants of immigrants from the Central Plains who migrated and settled here in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. For thousands of years, the Hakka ancestors in Xingning have inherited and carried forward the fine traditions of the Chinese nation, worked hard and thrived. In the long years of living, they have combined the Central Plains culture with the ancient Lingnan culture, created splendid local culture, integrated the Hakka spirit with local characteristics, and bred many famous Hakka representatives.

1, the formation of a Hakka hometown

First, prehistoric culture

After the founding of New China, three cultural relics surveys were conducted in Xingning. During the period of 1959, a number of stone tools, such as shovels, forks, spears and knives, were found in Heshu 'ao, Shuikou Town, belonging to the early Neolithic period. From 65438 to 0982, a batch of pottery pots and pieces were unearthed in Maoziyao Mountain, Zhenxing Management District, He Yong Town, belonging to the middle and late Neolithic remains. In the same year, a batch of pottery pieces and stone tools were collected in Zhongjing Dawo, Yan 'an Town, belonging to the late Neolithic remains. By the end of 1980s, more than 30 Neolithic sites had been discovered in Xingning. Xingning Museum has collected more than 90 pieces of various stone tools/kloc-0 unearthed from the above sites, and 9 complete canned meats. These unearthed cultural relics and sites show that ancient humans lived in Xingning as early as seven or eight thousand years ago. Judging from the use of stone tools and pottery and the patterns on pottery, agriculture and animal husbandry had been formed at that time, and there were reliable sources of livelihood.

First, the spirit of hard work.

In the process of moving south, the Central Plains immigrants went through hardships and tempered their strong will. After coming to Xingning, in this remote and barren mountainous area, men, women and children, regardless of age, began to reclaim farmland, establish settlements and start family businesses for survival and development. In the busy farming season, they are engaged in manual production, so that many villages now bear the names of traditional products, such as "Sommaro", "Mo Yan Zhang", "Hua Deng Zhang", "Diao Tu", "King of Silver" and "Chen Cai Lan". Hakka women, in particular, rebelled against the custom of foot-binding in society at that time and took on agricultural sideline and housework, forming a fashion of "women plow at home and men go out to make money". Hakka women's important position in productive labor and their hardworking spirit are rare at home and abroad. Even in modern times. During the people's commune period, women accounted for more than 80% of the production captains in Xingning, and some production captains 100% were women.

Second, the spirit of pioneering and taking risks.

Xingning is naturally adventurous. When a man reaches a certain age, he goes out to make a living and rarely stays at home. Go to neighboring counties and provinces to be hawker craftsmen; Those who travel across the ocean, "wear a belt to go out" (Xingning proverb), those who have the skills to make a living, and those who start from scratch are full of adventurous spirit.

After the Opium War, Xingning people began to cross the ocean to make a living. Some of them were trafficked to foreign countries as laborers by "pig houses" set up by colonists in Shantou and Hong Kong, which were then called "selling pigs". There are more than 300,000 overseas Chinese, Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan living in Xingning. In order to find a way out, they embraced ambitions from all directions and went to Haixi to "break into the world". Once I have a little savings, I want to benefit Sancui and make a name for myself. They started businesses overseas, promoted cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, and made joint efforts with the people of the host countries, making indelible contributions to world progress and civilization.

Third, advocate the spirit of science and technology, innovation and creation.

Xingning people prefer to be competitive, and people say that they are indomitable and unwilling to lag behind. The cultural quality of residents in Canada and Canada is far from each other, and they receive a lot of information in activities such as going out to work and doing business, which has caused many people in history to make outstanding achievements in innovation and creation. For example, during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, Luo Qinghui of Xingning compiled Luo Shu (Calendar), which was published by the Qing government. During Xianfeng and Guangxu periods in Qing Dynasty, Chen Huanglou, a skillful craftsman, made two major reforms on wooden looms and developed the weaving industry. In the second year of Qing Dynasty (19 10), Li, a teacher of Xingning Sericulture School, who was awarded the title of "China New Microscope Maker" by the Qing government, developed microscopes, astronomical telescopes and binoculars. During the Republic of China, Li Shanbang, a famous seismologist and former teacher of Xingning Xingmin Middle School, founded the first earthquake observatory in China, and later successfully developed a large-scale seismograph, which laid the foundation for the study of earthquakes in new China. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the fry hatching technology in Xingning fry farm has leapt to the advanced level in the world, and the white coal ironmaking technology in Bellon Iron and Steel Plant has won the major scientific and technological achievement award in China Science and Technology Conference. There are 36 kinds of industrial products in Quanxingning that have won the title of quality products of the Ministry and the province.

Fourth, the revolutionary spirit of opposing aggression, oppression and patriotism.

Several large-scale migrations of Hakka ancestors to the south occurred under the circumstances of intensified ethnic and class contradictions. Therefore, Hakka people's national consciousness and patriotic homesickness spirit are very strong, and there are many examples in history. Wen Tianxiang, the former right-wing prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty (Hakka in Ji 'an, Jiangxi) once took the western suburbs of Xingning County as the base camp and called on the people to be diligent and resist the Yuan Dynasty. Before the arrival of the pursuer in the Yuan Dynasty, he also wrote four characters, "Loyalty, filial piety and frugality", each 1.5 meters square. Later, in order to commemorate this national hero, the villagers raised funds to build the Chaotian Temple, embedded the four words written by Wen Tianxiang on the children's wall, and named the place name Chaotian Wei. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, the people of Xingning supported the Nanming regime to resist the Qing Dynasty in 1978. In the autumn of the 27th year of Guangxu reign (190 1), Pan Yaxing, the leader, led a peasant uprising, set fire to foreign churches and rebelled against the officers and men of the Qing army. The uprising spread to neighboring Wuhua County and Longchuan County. 1On May 8th, 949, Li Jiezhi (Xingning), Guangdong Provincial Administrative Inspector and District 9 Security Commander, led the uprising with the help of South China Branch of China, and Xingning was liberated. For the liberation of the Chinese nation and the construction of new China, the people of Xingning wave upon wave, and many outstanding sons and daughters gave their precious lives.

Local snack

To explain: the wet noodle products called "cake" by northerners, "board" by Hakkas and "cake" by Hakkas are biscuits.

Crushed brown

If you understand the meaning of smashing in Hakka, you may already understand that this is a suppressed palm seed, yes! Press the glutinous rice into a wooden box and fry it in an oil pan, so that I can trust your wisdom again. As can be seen from the picture, it is necessary to turn the brown into golden yellow. Soft fragrance is the characteristic of smashing. If you are worried about Xiao Doudou, I will say that you are right, but it is a pity. .

It is too long. See for yourself /f? kz=474226577