Ancient poetry cloud:
"Jun to gusu, the somebody else all pillow jiang. The houses in Suzhou city are connected together, and there is no open space; Even on the branch of the river, bridges are full of troubles. 」
How many bridges have been built in Suzhou for thousands of years? This is really hard to explore.
However, the Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi once described:
"Green waves, east, west, north, south and water, and red diaphragm, 390 bridges.
Mandarin ducks have wings, and willows mix into thousands. "
It can be seen that as early as the Tang Dynasty, it was already a place with small bridges and flowing water and charming scenery.
Small bridges have prospered the economy and bred culture. It haunts people's minds: Suzhou Bridge has its beautiful name: People: Lushi Covered Bridge, Zhoutaibao Bridge, Li Shitang Bridge and Santaiwei Bridge; People: Crossing the Monk Bridge, Ma Yin Bridge, Jinqiao Bridge and Junqiao Bridge; According to orientation: Wuxian East Bridge, Zicheng Rear Bridge, Zhufangzhai Front Bridge and Yongxisi West Bridge; Pray as you wish: Shenghu Bridge, Puji Bridge, Jishan Bridge and Lean Bridge. It also has many touching legends: in ancient times, there were two sages, one was Fahai and the other was Qingao. One day, when they passed by the bridge, they saw a carp in the green water river, with horns on its head, feet on its belly, wings on its drum, and bats following it. Qin Gao Qizhi jumped into the river and onto the carp's back. Who knows, the big carp actually flew away. Qin Gao stood out from the crowd and became an immortal. Luoguaqiao, in the early Song Dynasty, Lv Mengzheng went to Suzhou to beg. One morning, when I arrived at the vinegar workshop bridge, I saw a farmer carrying a watermelon and two ginger, and hurried east. Suddenly, a melon fell to the ground, and Meng shouted at it. As soon as the farmer saw that he was a poor scholar, he left him behind. Be honest and grateful. It can be said that every bridge in Suzhou has its own charm and charm: Wuqiao, an ancient and simple bridge, is the oldest stone arch bridge in Suzhou, which was built together with Bianhe City for more than two thousand years. The straight street in front of the main entrance of Zicheng was named after the Five Birds Pavilion built in Wu Wang during the Spring and Autumn Period. This is a famous bridge integrating politics, economy, literature and architectural art. Originally, the building of Kangshi in Wuzhou was red and stood tall. Compared with other bridges in the city, it stands out from the crowd.
According to historical records:
The top of the arch of Wujiao Bridge is opposite to the roof of Sanqing Hall in the mysterious temple. Climbing high and overlooking, like two dragons lying still. Whenever dusk comes, Wu Mian Bridge has another kind of scenery: under the moonlight, the sky is folded and transparent, like a jade carving, which is quite spectacular. In this regard, poets of all ages are competing to chant and express their feelings. Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty who was once the secretariat of Suzhou, has poems such as "Wuqiuqiao is like a sunset" and "Wuqiuqiao University is cool in autumn". There are also beautiful sentences such as "Yellow Crane Lane is in a hurry to talk, Wuqiuqie River is in a hurry to sell" in "Tour on March 3". I really like it.
In the Song Dynasty, Yang Bei wrote in "Poems of Shangyuan":
"The moon and the stars move according to the sky, and birds dance in the south. 」
Gao Qi, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty, also left a message: "The black magpie flies south and the moon is self-evident, and hates the Milky Way; Wu Wa crossed the bridge at night, only knowing that the Weaver Girl was on the horizon. " Chant.
Wuqiao, how many poems and paintings have been created: Wuqiao, which has experienced vicissitudes, has experienced ups and downs and changed its appearance with the changes of history.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, it was renovated in 1934. In order to facilitate traffic, it was converted into a bridge:
1987, based on the fact, it has been widened and reformed. In order not to destroy the ancient style, the lower part of the bridge still retains the original stone arch.
Therefore, Wuqiao today still maintains its original style, without losing a landscape in Suzhou. Yes, when the sunset is spreading and the whole Wu Yue Bridge is red, can you stand on the bridge without feeling sad?
Can Qiao Feng, a famous bridge, think so, because a poem by the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ji, "Sleeping at night by the Maple Bridge", says: "On a frosty night, the river breeze sleeps, and the Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City rings at midnight to the passenger ship." And let Fengqiao fly far and wide and become famous in one fell swoop? It seems so certain. It not only changed its name from "Bridge Seal" to "Qiao Feng", but also was evidenced by a poem by Gao Qi, a poet in the Ming Dynasty, "Painting a bridge with 200 reflecting the river, and the most famous poem is Qiao Feng".
Qiao Feng is located in Qiao Feng Town, seven miles away from Yanmen, Suzhou.
It is located in Qiao Feng Bay of the Canal, far from Jiangcun Bridge in front of Hanshan Temple. Both double bridges are crescent-shaped single arches. It is difficult to determine the date of its construction: Xianfeng was destroyed for ten years and rebuilt for six years. According to Hanshan Temple Records! This is the main road of ancient land and water transportation. Because there was a "grain license" in that year, when the "imperial grain" was transported northward, the river was blocked and other ships were prohibited from sailing to ensure the smooth flow of imperial grain. Hence the name "Bridge Closure". The "County Records" edited by Fan Chengda in the Southern Song Dynasty records that "Qiao Feng Bridge has been famous since ancient times, and there are people who don't want to write poems on the bridge deck." Of all the poems, I want to be the first to popularize a night-mooring near maple bridge. It can be said that it has been handed down from generation to generation since the Tang Dynasty.
Today, Voronoi is not only a household name in China, but also famous in Japan and Southeast Asia.
During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, the area from Nagato to Qiao Feng was already a bustling commercial place with "three thousand jade sleeves and millions of golden water".
At that time, there was a saying:
"Ask about the price in Qiao Feng, don't be cheated by buying things. 」
However, the Qing government did not repair military equipment, and the coastal defense was abandoned. Therefore, Japanese pirates often harass it; In order to effectively resist foreign invasion, Suzhou people built another tall building at the eastern end of Qiao Feng, named "Tielingguan".
Since then, the bridge has been guarded, and there is a tendency to "close it when you go."
The spring rain is falling, and in the ancient canal bay, the maple bridge is lying across, magnificent, surrounded by flowing water, and there are rows of boats:
Not far away, Hanshan Temple, an ancient temple in the Six Dynasties, quietly perched within the winding yellow wall, solemn and solemn:
Looking at the distance, the ancient city of Suzhou is misty and charming, and it is a watermark painting.
This scene is really hard to forget.
Oh, no wonder the ancients thought that "the grass outside Changzhou Garden is rustling, and you must remember the other seasons when you visit the city for a long time, and cross the Maple Bridge at dusk."
The towering Wumen Bridge is located in the only ancient city ruins in Suzhou, and it is also the only land and water gate Panmen in China (Panmen was built in the first year of King Feng of Wu, formerly known as Panmen, and dragons were arranged on the door to show the suppression of Yue.
Later, because of the twists and turns of land and water, it was called Panmen.
In addition, it was built in the seventh year of Song Yuanfeng (1084), rebuilt by Song Shaoding, and rebuilt by Zheng Tong, Hongzhi, Qing Shunzhi, Yongzheng and Tongzhi in Ming Dynasty.
There is the word "Wumen Bridge" in the middle of the bridge gate, and the words "Ren Xia was rebuilt in the 11th year of Tongzhi, and Jiangsu Water Conservancy Bureau was rebuilt" are engraved on the partition walls on both sides.
Wumen Bridge is the tallest and largest single-hole stone arch bridge in Suzhou, with a span of14m, a height of 4m, and a narrow top and a wide bottom.
The top is 4.95 meters and the bottom is 5.7 meters. Architects believe that this is to ensure the stability of the bridge.
All made of Jinshan stone, the stone steps at both ends are connected, and each end reaches 50 steps: the arch peak in the middle is towering.
It is said that in ancient times, among so many bridges in Suzhou, only Wumen Bridge could be used for navigation.
Therefore, even if a strong man and a young woman rush to the bridge in one breath, they will be out of breath. What's worse, will the old woman win? Wumen Bridge is now not only the main passage on the ancient canal, but also an important tourist attraction in Suzhou.
Together with Panmen Gushuiguan and Ruiguang Pagoda, it has become a scenic spot in the southwest of Suzhou City.
In recent years, many Chinese and foreign tourists who come to Suzhou hope that go on road trip can enjoy the colorful scenery of Panmen.
The small and exquisite bridge leading to tranquility is called the "small jasper" in the ancient bridge. It is located in Netscape Garden on Shiquan Street.
Master Wang Garden, which is less than 10 mu, is called "Suzhou Small Garden" by Chen Congzhou, a famous garden expert. Since ancient times, gardening requires natural scenery in the world, with mountains and water.
If there is water, manage it:
Harness water and then build a bridge.
Bridges in gardens are often based on Wuliang Banqiao.
Why? Arch bridge has great potential, which is common in a wide range of waters, and it is not easy to coordinate with gardens, so it is generally not used.
Otherwise, it created a miniature stone arch bridge, which is unique. 0.94m wide, 2.5m long,1.3m long, 0.2m thick vault and 0.2m high stone arch fence. Although it is only one step long, this ancient stone arch bridge has all the characteristics. It's really "the sparrow is small, but it has everything." It can't be said to be a successful example of arch bridges in gardens.
Many gardens in Suzhou are centered on pools, surrounded by pavilions and trees. So is Netscape. The approach bridge is built on the side of Cong Guixuan, which is in harmony with Shui Ge and Duck Shooting Gallery. They are ingeniously combined with low pools to form a special world.
The graceful little bridge leading to tranquility has become a "small jasper" in this "heaven and earth".
Due to the compact layout, the diversion bridge is small and large; Because the bridge is small, the static bridge also makes that pool of spring water wider; Because there is a winding inlet in the southeast and northwest corners of the pool, I feel that there are long waves and endless sources in the pool.
Therefore, the gardener's originality is unique.
It can be said that:
In the whole landscape of Netscape Garden, Silent Bridge plays a finishing touch with its unique charm.
In the dead of night, in the moonlight, when you stand alone on this bridge, look around the scenery, and then look down at the full moon, the quiet bridge, the figure hanging in the inkstone pool, can you not feel that this is a kind of scene blending? The majestic baodai bridge, also known as the Dragon Bridge, is known as the top ten famous bridges in China together with Zhao Zhouqiao and Lugou Bridge.
Lying across the Yaya River between the ancient canal three kilometers away from Sioux City and Dan Tai Lake (according to legend, Confucius' disciple Tan Taiming once lived here and his back house fell into the lake).
Built in the 11th to 14th years of Tang Yuanhe (AD 8 16 8 19), it is a world-famous porous stone arch bridge.
It is now listed as a first-class cultural relics protection station in Jiangsu Province.
In the history of our country, the construction of baodai bridge has a close relationship with water transportation. Since ancient times, the Yangtze River and Zhejiang area have been the land of plenty, and emperors of all dynasties have regarded this place as an important place to collect wealth.
In the sixth year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty (AD 6 10), Emperor Yangdi dug the Grand Canal in the south of the Yangtze River and transported a large amount of grain and treasures from Jiangxi to Kyoto.
By the Tang Dynasty, submarine transportation had been unprecedentedly busy. The section of the canal from Suzhou to Jiaxing, which runs from north to south, is full of "imperial grain", so it is very difficult to advance to the northwest in autumn and winter. However, at the junction of Dan Tai Lake and the canal, there is a gap about 300-400 meters wide, which needs to be filled with soil, "thinking it is a way to change ships"; However, a "embankment" will also cut off the passage from the lake to the sea through Wusong River, and the embankment will be washed away by the rushing lake, so it is imperative to replace the embankment with a bridge. Wang Zhongshu, the secretariat of Suzhou, made up his mind, ordered a wide barge to lead the way, built a bridge lake and donated jade belts to fill the bridge (hence the name baodai bridge).
After the completion of the bridge, it was rebuilt and rebuilt six times in Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties (one of which was maintained by Lin Zexu). 1September, 956, a new parallel highway bridge was built on the west side of the ancient bridge.
This not only lightens the load of baodai bridge, but also provides convenience for tourists to enjoy the ancient bridge from the side.
The deck of Jiadai Bridge is wide and flat, consisting of 53 holes and 249.8 meters long.
The total length is 3 17m and the width is 4.1m.
The north approach road is 23.4m and the south approach road is 43.06m. ..
The bridge is trumpet-shaped and the lower end is two meters wide. There are a pair of mighty green stone lions at each end of the bridge, and there are four stone pavilions and five-level octagonal stone pagodas at the northern end. The stone pagoda is 4 meters high and carved with a whole piece of blue stone carving. The base is square and carved with waves and dragons: the pagoda is also made of stone. Each pass has eight sides, each with a Buddha bird and a Buddha statue in the box. There is a similar tower on the water dish stone between the 26th and 27th holes.
The whole baodai bridge is as long and narrow as a belt, riddled with holes, and reflected in the water, reflecting the reality and the reality, just like a black dragon floating, but also like a towering cloud: it not only provides convenience for pedestrians to lead their husbands, but also adds a beautiful scenery to the water town in the south of the Yangtze River. In engineering technology, it adopts flexible pier. This can prevent multiple bridge holes from collapsing in chain. The arch construction method is different from the single arch combination in Zhao Zhouqiao and the stone arch construction in Lugou Bridge, but a "multi-hinged arch" is adopted. This is extremely rare in the history of ancient bridge construction.
"I borrowed it from the mountains, but I still use stones as beams.
Go straight from the embankment and cross the center of the water.
Egrets fall in autumn and black dragons float in the sunset.
The sound of the waves began that night and merged into the song list. "
This is the description of it by monks who lived well in the Yuan Dynasty. It can be seen that in the Yuan Dynasty, it was not only a large-scale stone arch bridge, but also a busy transportation task.
"The lake in Dan Tai is as green as oil, and baodai bridge is as floating as a horse. It is a good species to pick 30,000 trees and have a spring outing among flowers every year.
"In the spring season, look around on the bridge:
On both sides of the Grand Canal and Lake Dan Tai, water waves ripple:
In the distant mountains, the ancient pagoda and Wei trees are lush: around Yuan Ye, the flowers are golden, the peach blossoms are pink, and the wheat waves are rolling.
In the spring breeze, why didn't the tourists drink some wine yesterday?
Bridge stands on the water, standing on nature: it not only makes itself a member of nature, but also beautifies the nature that accompanies it day and night.
The famous ancient bridge in Suzhou is both practical and artistic: it stands in harmony among the ancient water towns.
In terms of modeling, there are great changes:
Some are as curved as a crescent moon, while others are as straight as a bird's wing: it gives people lightness, strength or tenderness.
In the environment, it increases and blends harmoniously: these famous ancient bridges are not only integrated with nature, but also memorable and fascinating.
For example, Night Sleeping by the Maple Bridge, Wu Sanxia, etc., have intoxicated many literati and fascinated many painters: it is accompanied by its own architecture, stone carvings, stone tablets and so on.
These not only become evidence of today's history, but also are closely related to folk customs and legends.
Suzhou's famous ancient bridge has a long history!
Xumen Wannian Bridge is the most typical representative of this bridge. Together with baodai bridge in the southern suburbs and Cai Yun Bridge in Shantang, it was once called "Sandingjia" champion bridge by Suzhou people. It is typical because the dispute over Wannian Bridge's origin and life experience is confusing, just like Suzhou Gardens, Suzhou Water, Suzhou Pingtan and Kunqu Opera.
There are two stories about Wannian Bridge's life. One is that Suzhou Wannian Bridge was built during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, which was related to the emperor Raul in the south of the Yangtze River. Another way of saying this is that Wannian Bridge was built as early as the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, and it was predestined friends with the traitor Yan Song. These two statements have their own "basis" and seem to be self-evident.
Wannian Bridge's statement about the Qianlong in the south of Liu Xia is mainly circulated among the people. Legend has it that when Qianlong went down to the south of the Yangtze River, he came to Suzhou. As it happens, Suzhou Wannian Bridge has just been built and has not been named. Local officials want Emperor Qianlong to name the bridge. The emperor always promised? After thinking about it, I didn't think of a name. One morning, Qianlong came to the bridge and happened to see a bride wearing red silk embroidered red shoes about to get on the bridge, so he went forward curiously to see something new. At that time, there was a custom in Suzhou, when the bride crossed the bridge, she would say a few auspicious words to pray for wealth and happiness in the future. As the bride walked, she said, "Bride, after crossing the new bridge, Wannian Bridge has been rich for thousands of years.". Hearing this, Qianlong clapped his hands and was immediately named "Wannian Bridge". The emperor has a golden mouth and jade words. Who dares to say no? Wannian Bridge A was handed down in this way.
Mr. Niu Shili, who studies ancient culture, wrote that Suzhou Wannian Bridge is just a fake, and the real thing has already been moved to his hometown by the traitor Yan Song. Niu Shili wrote in his "Poor Wannian Bridge" (originally published in Suzhou Magazine, No.4, 200 1 year) that Wannian Bridge was built on the Xujiang River during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. Yan Song, who was in power at that time, came to Suzhou to inspect the government affairs. He stood motionless on the Wannian Bridge for a long time, stroking the railings and stone lions and cooing repeatedly: "What a magnificent Wannian Bridge!" These were seen by the Suzhou magistrate who accompanied Yan Song. Not long after Yan Song was sent away, the magistrate who wanted to kiss up attracted a group of skilled masons. After numbering each stone, he dismantled it according to the number, and Wannian Bridge was broken into pieces, all of which were transported to Fenyi County, Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province, Yan Song's hometown, and rebuilt on the Shui Yuan in the mouth of Fenyi County as it was.