1789 The French bourgeois revolution and the progressive anti-feudal movement in the Rhine valley played a great role in Beethoven's ideological growth, and he gradually took the pursuit of "freedom, equality and fraternity" as his political ideal.
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770- 1827) is the most famous German musician in the world since the late 8th century. 1770 65438+Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany on February 26th. His grandfather was originally from the Netherlands, and after moving to Germany, he was a local court musician. My father is a tenor and my mother is the daughter of a court chef. Beethoven grew up in the period of "enlightened autocracy" in Joseph II, and the rulers in Bonn also implemented some improvement measures. Bonn became one of the centers of the Enlightenment in Germany at that time. Beethoven grew up in such an environment in his childhood. However, Beethoven's childhood was very unhappy, and his alcoholic father ruined his family business. He tried to turn four-year-old Beethoven into a cash cow and hoped that his son would become a Mozart-style prodigy. Therefore, he not only forced his children to practice the piano, but also often dragged them out of their deep sleep to play the piano when they came home from drinking in the middle of the night. Beethoven, who was under eight years old, was forced to perform and perform in front of Cohen's audience, and Beethoven, who was eleven years old, began to work in a theater band. This hard childhood life made Beethoven embark on an independent road of making a living by music very early, and at the same time developed his stubborn character.
Starting from 178 1, Beethoven studied Bach's Piano Music with Equal Rhythm and its composition method while working in the theater. Naif is a very cultivated composer and conductor, and he tends to the Enlightenment. He contributed to the development of German national operas and oratorios. Beethoven learned from this teacher and realized the importance of learning German folk music traditions. Under the naive guidance, he also accepted the influence of the Enlightenment and became interested in the progressive literature of Germany at that time.
After 1787, Beethoven shouldered the economic burden of family life. However, Beethoven did not give in to suffering. He managed to attend a philosophy class at Bonn University. He is fascinated by reading and studying ancient myths, Greek and Latin classical literature, and he likes the works of Shakespeare, Schiller and Goethe. Although he didn't have Mozart's precocious talent, he didn't have Mozart's superior learning conditions, and he made unremitting self-study and achieved achievements that all his predecessors could not reach.
1789 The French bourgeois revolution and the progressive anti-feudal movement in the Rhine valley played a great role in Beethoven's ideological growth, and he gradually took the pursuit of "freedom, equality and fraternity" as his political ideal. 1790, his chorus "The Death of Yue Se II" praised Joseph II as the savior of the people, which on the one hand showed his pursuit of * * * and ideals, and also reflected Beethoven's unrealistic fantasy of reformism in his early years. This work is also Beethoven's earliest attempt to integrate vocal music and symphony.
1792, Beethoven lived in Vienna with Haydn's encouragement and support. At first, he was a talented young pianist who went in and out of Vienna's aristocratic family and was warmly received and protected by the nobles. He once had illusions about the upper class. But Beethoven lived in a different era from Haydn and Mozart, which gave Beethoven a more mature bourgeois consciousness and personal confidence and self-esteem. So he didn't want to be a slave to the aristocratic family from the beginning, but wanted to have an equal position with the nobility. Later, Beethoven gradually found that his bourgeois ideal was in great contradiction with the feudal society at that time, and 1796 began to face the threat of deafness, which made Beethoven grow rapidly in an ideological mood of dissatisfaction with reality and resistance to personal destiny.
After 1797, Beethoven became deaf and his condition deteriorated year by year. For a musician, there is nothing worse than this blow! The devil restricted the composer's communication with the outside world and hindered his piano performance, so he had to give up playing and live in seclusion in the countryside of Vienna for a long time.
Starting from 1800, Beethoven naturally gradually got rid of the influence of Haydn and Mozart in his creation, and strived to create his own artistic style and pursue new ideals. His third symphony (Hero Symphony), which was completed in 1803, marked that his creation entered a new stage of development-maturity. His creativity in this period was extremely strong, which showed the working ability of giants and produced many excellent works. The basic ideological logic of Beethoven's mature works-"victory in struggle" was gradually established during this period, forming a new style of heroism and mass symphony. Revolutionary content, dramatic symphony development skills and various major innovations in form have been further developed during this period. Beethoven's most outstanding works were almost all created in his later years when he was deaf.
1815-1819 is a four-year crisis period that Beethoven experienced. At that time, Europe fell into the reactionary feudal restoration period, the bourgeois revolutionary forces were stifled, and darkness enveloped the European continent. Beethoven's thoughts in this period were complicated, and his confidence and firmness were disturbed by disappointment and vacillation. The heroic style of creation changes to lyrical style; There are not many works, and most of the time is spent collecting, excavating and adapting the folk songs of European countries. This fully shows that the * * * pacifists in the rising period of the bourgeoisie have their historical limitations. However, Beethoven finally struggled out of silence and survived the crisis. From 18 19, Beethoven paid attention to the struggle against feudalism. At this time, his five piano sonatas, five string quartets and even his greatest ninth symphony (chorus symphony) are of far-reaching significance. However, Beethoven's last years were the most miserable and painful years in his life. The threat of loneliness and poverty made him poor and lonely, and he died in Vienna on March 26th, 1827. It is said that at the last moment of Beethoven's life, it rained heavily and thunder rumbled. He raised his withered arm and made a final hard blow to the sky. This spirit of endless fighting is all concentrated in his immortal masterpiece.
Beethoven is one of the greatest creators in human art. On the one hand, he has outstanding musical talent, fiery rebellious temperament and giant strong personality. On the other hand, his indomitable will and lofty thoughts derived from social responsibility form his special qualities as a musician. Through his own creation, especially in his nine symphonies, he reflected the great people's movement and the most progressive ideas of that era. He wrote a series of symphonies with the theme of times and personal destiny, combining profound philosophy with touching artistic images, showing the spiritual course from struggle to victory, from darkness to light, from suffering to happiness in the rising period of the bourgeoisie. His nine symphonies are always shining like pearls.
Through the research and analysis of Beethoven's nine symphonies, especially four of them (namely, the third, fifth, sixth and ninth symphonies), we can not only understand the basic characteristics of Beethoven's overall creation and his great and pure thoughts, but also understand the major innovations in symphony creation and see how symphonies have transitioned from Haydn and Mozart to a new development period represented by Schubert and Mendelssohn. As early as when Beethoven was alive, he was recognized as a musician of world significance. He is a great classical composer and a pioneer of romanticism.