The choice of warehouse structure type is mainly determined according to the functions and tasks of the warehouse, mainly including:
(1) The main function of the warehouse is simple storage or has the functions of sorting, distribution processing and distribution.
(two) the object of storage, the nature, type, quantity and overall size of the goods to be stored;
(3) The internal and external environmental requirements of the warehouse mainly refer to the restrictions of temperature and humidity, as well as the requirements of fire control and safety.
(4) Economic capacity, investment scale and operating cost requirements.
2. Configuration of warehouse facilities and equipment
Determine the configuration of main facilities and equipment according to the functions, storage objects and environmental requirements of the warehouse. As shown in the following table, the functional requirements include equipment configuration: inventory, pick-up shelves, forklifts, stackers, lifting conveyors, sorters, pallets, trucks, conveyors, inspection instruments, tools, maintenance equipment, fire alarm temperature monitors, monitors, burglar alarm equipment, and other supporting facilities (platforms) such as distribution and processing machinery, tools, control and management computers and auxiliary equipment.
Storage area is an important factor affecting storage scale and storage capacity. Storage area, including the total area of the reservoir area and the building area of the warehouse.
(1) Warehouse building area and various parameters
① Building coefficient of warehouse. It is the ratio of the actual area of various warehouse buildings to the total area of the reservoir area.
Warehouse building coefficient = warehouse building area/total area of reservoir area × 100%
This parameter reflects the density of warehouses in the reservoir area and the buildings managed by them, and reflects the proportion of warehouses in the total area.
② Building area of warehouse. It is the actual floor area of the warehouse building structure, measured by the plane area surrounded by the warehouse exterior wall line. The building area of multi-storey warehouse is the sum of the plane areas of each floor.
Where the unusable areas such as walls and columns are removed, they are called effective areas. Theoretically, the effective area is all available area. However, some usable areas, such as stairs, cannot be directly stored, and the remaining area after removing this area is called usable area.
③ Plane coefficient of warehouse building. It is a parameter to measure the proportion of the used area.
Plane coefficient of warehouse building = warehouse usable area/warehouse building area × 100%.
(2) The main factors to be considered when determining the warehouse area include:
(1) material reserve, and determine the size of the required warehouse;
(2) The average inventory mainly determines the required warehouse area:
(3) The throughput of the warehouse reflects the actual amount of goods entering and leaving the warehouse, which is directly proportional to the warehouse area;
(4) Quantity of goods, under the condition of a certain total amount of goods, the more goods, the more cargo spaces and the larger receiving and dispatching area.
The larger the warehouse area required;
(5) warehouse operation mode, mechanized operation must have corresponding operation space;
⑥ Warehouse management mode, such as distribution system needs distribution area and distribution processing needs workspace.
(3) Other technical parameters
① The warehouse utilization rate is high. It is an index reflecting the highly effective utilization of warehouse space.
Warehouse height utilization ratio = average height of goods stacking or shelves/effective height of warehouse × 100%.
This parameter has the same function as the warehouse area utilization parameter, that is, it measures the effective utilization rate of the warehouse. Various technical measures can be taken in the warehouse to improve this utilization rate.
2 warehouse capacity. The maximum quantity of materials that can be stored in the warehouse. Expressed in weight units (tons).
The size of the warehouse depends on the size of the area, the ability to bear the weight of the goods per unit area and the safety requirements of the goods.
Warehouse capacity (ton) = warehouse use area (square meter) × storage quota per unit area (ton/square meter)
The storage capacity reflects the maximum capacity of the warehouse and is an important parameter for the balance of circulation productivity.
③ Effective volume of warehouse. Refers to the product of the effective area and effective height of the warehouse. The traditional warehouse capacity index has little to do with the warehouse height, and can't reflect the warehouse capacity utilization rate well. With the emergence of high-rise warehouses and three-dimensional warehouses, the area utilization index can not fully reflect the technical and economic indicators of warehouses. The effective volume of a warehouse refers to describing the storage capacity and utilization rate of the warehouse.
Effective warehouse volume = effective warehouse area (square meters) × effective average height (meters)
④ Warehouse turnover times. It is the ratio of annual total storage or annual storage to annual average storage, which reflects the dynamic situation of warehouses and is an important indicator of productive warehouses and circulating warehouses. If the total annual storage (warehousing) is fixed, increasing the turnover times can reduce the amount of static inventory, thus reducing the occupation of the effective volume of the warehouse.
Turnover times = total out (in) warehouse quantity/average inventory
4. Determine the main structure of the warehouse
The main structure of the warehouse includes: foundation, floor, frame structure, columns, walls, roof, floor, ground, windows, entrances and exits, cornices and ventilation devices.
(1) warehouse framework. The frame consists of columns, middle columns and walls. There are columns in the warehouse, which will affect the capacity of the warehouse and the convenience of loading and unloading operations. What can be reduced is reduced as much as possible.
(2) fire prevention. The main structure of the warehouse should adopt fire-proof structure design, and the external wall floor, floor, doors and windows must adopt fire-proof structure, using fire-resistant or incombustible materials, such as concrete and asbestos building materials.
(3) the size of the entrance. It is mainly determined by factors such as whether trucks are put into storage, truck type, size, technical parameters, number of trucks, frequency of entering and leaving storage, and size of goods to be stored.
(4) The height of the platform (cargo platform). The height and size of the bottom plate of the truck to be loaded and unloaded parked on the road outside the warehouse should be flush with the ground inside the warehouse. In this way, the transport vehicle does not enter the warehouse for operation, but uses the forklift to carry out the operation, which is very convenient.
5, warehouse ancillary facilities and equipment
(1) custody equipment
When stacking the goods to be kept in the warehouse, the commonly used methods are: ground stacking method, flat pallet layered stacking method, frame pallet layered stacking method, shelf dispersion method, pallet placement method on the shelf and so on. Different storage methods require different storage devices.
(2) Sorting device, loading and unloading equipment
In many warehouses, there are mechanized and electronic goods sorting settings, as well as various forklifts, special equipment and tools for mechanized operation. Therefore, the design and layout of the warehouse should be coordinated with the configuration, installation and operation methods of sorting devices and loading and unloading equipment and the required area.