When you drill a hole in a metal sheet with an awl, the greater the force, the deeper the hole is drilled, and so is memory. The deeper the impression, the stronger the memory. Profound events and profound lessons usually have strong objectivity. If you see the plane crash, it is certainly memorable; Another example is that you are credulous, because you were cheated of a large sum of money by accident, and it is easy to remember deeply. But many things in life are not like this. There are no touching scenes and ups and downs in itself. Then, if you want to get a strong impression subjectively, you must observe. Memories in our minds are like bank deposits. If there is no money, no matter how hard you try, it is impossible to withdraw cash. This is equal to what we have experienced. If we don't store them in memory, how can we talk about memory?
Therefore, we put what we have experienced in the bank like a deposit in order to get it back in time. This storage is called "memory". There are two kinds of memories. One is spontaneous active memory, called "spontaneous memory"; The other is unconscious, but naturally "emerges" from the mind because of strong impression. This kind of memory is called "passive memory". And careful observation can enable us to achieve the purpose of "spontaneous memory". Only this kind of memory can remember more, be more accurate, be more easily stored and be more meaningful.
Only profound observation can leave a deep impression on everything. On the other hand, if you want to leave a deep impression, you must go through profound observation.
According to the experimental results of psychologists, it is difficult for even well-trained observers to correctly report what they have seen with their own eyes. Because the average person never observes what he sees carefully enough, he often adds his own imagination to his report. Therefore, in many criminal cases, the testimony of several witnesses at the scene is often irrelevant, which makes it difficult to solve the case.
This is because they have no intention to remember emergencies in advance, and it is impossible to observe them calmly, so it is very easy to unconsciously distort the truth in subjective prejudice.
Observation is of first-class significance to memory. Because the first stage of memory must have perceptual knowledge, and only a strong impression can deepen this perceptual knowledge. When you receive information from your eyes, you should print it in your mind. For the same scene, babies and adults have the same eyes; It is the same in the eyes of an ordinary person and an expert, but it causes different feelings. When observing, you must make a brand in your mind. This brand contains the understanding and imagination of things, not just the geometry of light and shape.
Darwin once commented on himself: "I have neither outstanding understanding nor extraordinary wit." It's just that my ability to perceive and observe things that are fleeting may be better than others. "
Generally, people with high IQ always have unusually high observation ability. Scientists can realize extraordinary laws from ordinary phenomena, and artists can grasp the characteristics of things in an instant and conceive beautiful and moving artistic images precisely because of their superhuman observation.
If all thinking activities begin with memory, and memory begins with observation. If the initial impression is wrong, it is not a correct memory. And if the initial impression is wrong, it is not a correct memory. If the initial observation is similar to the past, it is impossible to produce new memories, let alone use the differences between the two memories to produce new associations and promote the further development of thinking.
Then why do some people often make mistakes in observing problems? The reason is:
1. People only respond to some factors that they have just realized, and the components of things are complex, and sometimes the weak components that are not easy to be noticed play a leading role. If a person is too persistent about some obvious external factors of things, observation will be confused by appearances and will not go deep.
2. Just respond to some irrelevant clues, which leads to misleading observation and thinking.
3. Being dominated by emotional factors such as liking or not. If you are in line with your hobbies, you will try to observe with great one-sidedness.
Influenced by the ready-made conclusions of some authoritative organizations, I dare not cross the line and follow suit. This observation has no effect.
5. Can't identify all the factors that affect perception.
Under the above circumstances, people's observation is often incomplete or even wrong. So how to do the correct observation?
1. Let as many sensory organs as possible participate in observation, not only with eyes, but also with ears, hands and brain.
2. Make preparations before observation, that is, make plans and steps for observation in advance and get familiar with the relevant knowledge of the object.
3. Observation should be systematic and comprehensive, and repeated absorption and pondering are conducive to discovering the characteristics that others have not discovered.
Let as many sensory organs as possible participate in observation, not only with eyes, but also with ears, hands and brain.
5. Observe and record frequently. With the record, we can make the necessary summary accordingly. These summaries can be used as the basis for the next observation.
In daily life, we should start to exercise by observing people, things and things, and work hard on the speed, breadth and depth of observation.
But these are just general observation methods. If you want to observe a certain picture, there are specific methods.
For example, observing the sunrise, if you just say that the rosy clouds rise and the sun rises, there is no doubt that you can't see the details. Turgenev, who observed the natural scenery, observed it very carefully: from the relationship between the sun and the clouds, the changes of the light and heat of the sun itself, the changes of the colors of the surrounding clouds and other factors, he got a very detailed and concrete picture, and tried to read a passage from him:
When the sun rises in the morning, there is no fire cloud that has been rolled up all day, and it is surrounded by a faint rose morning light. The sun, not violent, not as hot as it is in a suffocating dry day, nor as purple-black as it was before the storm, but with bright and soft light, faintly floats from behind a long and narrow cloud, appears, and then hides in the faint purple fog around it. On both sides of the highest cloud, it flashes like a shiny little snake; As bright as silver. However, the jumping beam moved forward again, and with solemn joy, it flew up to embrace a round of Asahi.
How meticulous the author's observation is. The author's observation mainly focuses on the changes of clouds and light caused by the gradual rise of the sun in several stages. He grasped this point and presented the whole picture clearly to the readers.
The order of observation reflects the order in one's mind. From far to near or from near to far, from big to small or from small to big, from shallow to deep or from deep to shallow, from static to dynamic or from dynamic to static, and so on, are all manifestations of this rationality.
Attention and observation are the wings of memory. People who are good at observing are easy to grasp the basic characteristics of things and have a deep memory of what they observe. When doing physical or chemical experiments in experimental classes, students with strong observation ability will gain much more than those with weak observation ability. Creative activities need better observation. Many scientists with great achievements have extraordinary powers of observation. Some scientists can talk about many things, even the details of many things, thanks to their careful observation and thinking. For example, Pavlov incorruptibly advocated "observation, observation and re-observation", and took this as his motto, engraved on the door wall of his laboratory. Darwin said, "I have neither outstanding understanding nor extraordinary wit." It's just that my ability to perceive and observe things that are fleeting may be better than others. "The more careful and comprehensive the knowledge seeker observes the things around him, the more he can find problems, the more he can put forward more" why "for things, and urge himself to keep thinking, and his intelligence will develop accordingly. The process of thinking is the process in which brain nerve cells get excited and form new temporary nerve connections. Judging from the physiological mechanism of the brain, this is beneficial to memory. For example, it is unfair for a first-year student who has just finished studying plant knowledge to observe the germination of seeds, because the visual organs feel the shape of things and then intuitively reflect it to the brain. When he found that there was no culture environment, some seeds germinated and some did not germinate, and compared with the observed conditions, he would realize through thinking that the conditions for seed germination must be sufficient air, suitable temperature and enough water. When observing various parts of the bud, the existing knowledge about seed coat, cotyledon, embryo and radicle revived in his mind, participated in the analysis and judgment of new things, and prompted him to think further. With the process of observation, thinking, understanding and rethinking, knowledge is firmly remembered.
To get a better observation, we must master the essentials of observation.
(1) Have a clear observation purpose and task, without which there is no concentration. Just as we roamed Broadway, we saw thousands of people and events in Qian Qian that didn't stay in our minds, but only vague faces were all over the streets. For another example, before traveling, the teacher told the students to pay attention to observation and write a composition after returning. Because there is no clear explanation of what to write, and some students have not made plans in advance, they can't write a good article despite reading a lot of things.
(2) observation should have the necessary knowledge preparation. This is because observation is accompanied by thinking, which requires relevant knowledge for comparison and judgment.
(3) There should be a careful observation plan. The outside world is the constant movement and change of things, and the passage of time makes the objects we want to observe appear, change and disappear. Therefore, conscious observation should be coordinated with careful observation plan, and don't be in a hurry because of changes in things. For example, students take the task of writing "Happy Holidays" to participate in holiday activities. It is necessary to plan in advance how to observe the atmosphere of the festival, how to observe the activities and how to observe some details to show people's happy mood. Otherwise, when I come back, I will only write some words like "Crowds surging and applause thundering", and some of the most expressive details, such as the demeanor and movements of the characters, have not been observed, and the article will appear empty.
In addition to the above three points, we should also pay attention to seeking truth from facts in observation. When the objective facts are inconsistent with our original ideas, we should respect them and ask why.
The most important thing to improve observation is to practice more. People from all walks of life can exercise their observation through work. For example, before doing a lot of experiments, writing observation diaries and writing expositions, middle school students can make knowledge preparation and observation plans in advance, and then start. The general observation steps are:
1. first observe the whole picture, get the overall impression and find out the overall characteristics;
2. Find out the characteristics of each component in the group and their relationships;
3. Observe the important details of each part.