According to the memory of local advocates, some of them have passed down the family line for more than ten generations. Only from this point of view, the historical evolution of drum music in southwest Shandong can be traced back at least 300 years ago. In addition, from the repertoire of drum music in southwest Shandong (the main part of suona and Xidi), some of them are zaju tunes since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, such as Hunjianglong and rolling hydrangea. There are also a large number of ditties and brands circulating in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as goats, Suonan Branch, resident. Therefore, the drum music in southwest Shandong may have been circulated in the local area as early as the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
There are professional or semi-professional "drum music rooms" everywhere in towns and villages in southwestern Shandong. Their families or close relatives in Otawa attend classes together. They usually have a haircut as their occupation. It is an indispensable part of folk music life to hire them to play in occasions such as weddings, funerals and celebrations, often for a few days.
The instruments used in drum music in southwest Shandong are mainly wind instruments and percussion instruments. Wind instruments include suona, flute, sheng, handle (for Sika only) and tuba (commonly known as "Raoum"). Percussion instruments include cymbals, bangzi, cymbals, cloud gongs, small gongs and music drums (also known as "small pier drums"). If you play "Sika", you should also add drums, simple boards, cymbals, big gongs and small gongs.
There are five types of common drum bands in southwest Shandong: one is a kind of suona (commonly called alto suona) as the main playing form, which is called "single flute" by the people. The wind instruments used are suona, flute and sheng (one or two people); Percussion instruments include cymbals, cloud gongs, Wang gongs and music drums. Generally, there are eight bands, which is the most important and basic playing form of drum music in southwest Shandong. Secondly, the form of playing with two suonas (with two bass suonas) is called "Dui Dida". The wind instrument used is the bass suona (two people), and the percussion instruments are cymbals, cymbals (or cymbals), bronze drums and musical drums. The number of band members is generally six. 3. This band consists of tin flute (tin-pole sea flute) as the main performance or tin flute (tin-pole sea flute) as the main performance or tin flute, sheng and flute ensemble. The wind instruments used are tin flute, flute and sheng (two people); Percussion instruments only use small hairpin or bangzi. A band usually has five people. Fourthly, the form of flute ensemble, which is a kind of band used to play traditional Chinese opera or folk ditty. The wind instruments used are flute and sheng (two people); Percussion instruments only use small hairpin. There are usually four people in a band. Five, the card opera band, the use of wind instruments are suona (also playing the handle), sheng (in pairs), flute; Percussion instruments include leather drum, simple board, small hairpin, small gong and big gong. There are usually eight or nine people in a band.
There are two systems of drum and drum music commonly used in southwest Shandong. One is to inherit the original fingering of local operas, and change it to flat tone, cross tone, tone and "downward adjustment and upward adjustment"; The second is to change the notation of Gongchi used in folk drum music to refer to six-character tone, ruler tone, upper-character tone, universal tone and five-character tone.
The artistic characteristics of drum music in southwest Shandong are as follows: First, it is changeable and flexible. There are two main techniques for playing more than one song in Puxi drum music: strict variation, plate cavity variation and fingering resale. The most abundant and concentrated changes are "Opening the Door" and "sedan chair". Take the folk instrumental music "Opening the Door" as an example, it can be transformed into more than ten pieces of music, such as "Opening the Door with Chinese Characters", "Opening the Door with Chinese Characters", "Opening the Door with Chinese Characters", "Opening the Door with Five Characters", "Grand Collection", "Wind Strangling Snow" and "Wedding Music". There are more than a dozen pieces of music based on Huatuojiao Qupai, including "Flower Worship Hall", "Big Flute Second Board", "Big Flute Gong", "Hundred Birds Facing the Phoenix" and "Fast and Slow Flute Twist". Secondly, the characteristic expansion part of drum music in southwest Shandong is "ears". Sui Zi is an independent, comparative and expansive part in the whole song. Its main points are great improvisation in performance, fine division of sound modes and freedom of expansion. When the melody constantly changes around the center tone, it is accompanied by rich rhythm patterns and various playing skills, which is a section that shows the outstanding talents and superb acting skills of folk performers.
The commonly used playing techniques of suona and Xidi in southwest Shandong include tongue sound, air control sound, air arch sound, sliding sound, playing sound, overtone sound, flute sound and bitter sound.
Besides the music derived from Open the Door to sedan chair, there are suona music, Celebration Order, Ten Scenes, Tea Picking Song, Ji Xianbin, Fengyang Song, A Flower, One River Wind, Yue Diao Bu Bujiao, Hunjianglong and so on. Xidi Dizi Goat, In Ma Ting, Lock Lanzhi, In Yun Fei and Rollo, etc. Flute music "Double Phoenix", "Little Flute", "Flower-scented Bee Dance", "Moon Carving Orioles", "Wind Scattering", "Marry the Marriage", "Step by Step" and so on.
Famous drummers in southwest Shandong are Yuan, Wei, He Guanxian, Niu, and so on.