Yuquan temple is located at the foot of Tianjing Mountain in the north of the city, across the bridge by Linxi and built by the mountain. Formerly known as Chengbei Temple, Chongning Temple and Longshan Temple, it was named after the clear water and the sweet Yuquan on the mountain. It has always been a tourist attraction in Tianshui, listed as one of the eight scenic spots in Qin Zhou, and has the reputation of "Yuquan Fairy Cave".
Yuquan temple was built in the early Tang Dynasty, during the Tang and Song Dynasties, with a small scale, which was repeatedly destroyed. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Liang Zhitong, a disciple of Quanzhen Taoist Qiu Chuji, traveled to Tianshui and loved the secluded forests and nymphs of Tianjing Mountain, so he revised the truth and built a view, and the scale gradually expanded. In the year of Ding Chou in Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1293), Liang Zhitong wrote a poem to set up a monument, and was buried in Guan Yu after feathering. The Ming and Qing Dynasties rebuilt and restored many times, forming a grand Taoist complex with more than 80 buildings. During the 80 years since the late Qing Dynasty, yuquan temple often became a military camp and a school building. Ancient buildings were destroyed without construction, and more than half of them were destroyed by soldiers, earthquakes, natural collapses and man-made. From July of 198 1, the local government raised funds and organized manpower and material resources to carry out comprehensive restoration. It took more than three years to rebuild and maintain 40 ancient buildings, covering an area of more than 2 100 square meters, which was the largest restoration in history.
Yuquanguan complex goes up along the foot of the mountain, winding up and down. Red walls and blue tiles, cornices and walls, and ancient trees are magnificent. The whole building is surrounded by Yuquan Hall and Sanqing Hall, and visitors climb the stairs picturesque. The "Yuquan Fairy Cave" in the picture is said to be the place where Lu, Liang and Ma came out of the mountain. There are pavilions and galleries in the south of the cave. The pavilion was originally a "Xuanshengge" and now it is a "four-sided Taoist temple monument in Yuan Dynasty", which records the whole truth of Taoism and the historical materials are extremely precious. There are four famous tablets in the stele gallery, which are said to be cursive tablets of Zhao Mengfu, a great calligrapher in Yuan Dynasty. Each tablet has five unique calligraphy styles. The brushwork is round and vigorous, flowing and bright, simple and bold, which is unique to Zhao's book, and the viewers are all amazed. There are 50 ancient and famous trees in yuquan temple, including more than 1,000 years old Cooper 10 and more than 500 years old Cooper 10, all of which are precious cedars. On the ninth day of the first lunar month in the ancient calendar, it is a temple fair in yuquan temple. People call it "Chao Guan". In the early spring, people are idle, in groups of three or five, in an endless stream, very lively, forming a happy folk music painting.
The Annals of Qinzhou also records Liang Zhidong, a disciple of Qiu Chuji, a real person in Changchun in the Yuan Dynasty. He traveled west here and loved its beautiful scenery, so he built a temple to repair the cave and died in it. Yuquan temple still has a poem written by Yuan Shizu Liang Zhitong to Yuan Bingzi: "The road is quiet and the scenery is like Yingzhou. The vegetation in front of the nunnery is always spring, and the Yunshan outside the sill is not night or autumn. The devil cries three feet with his sword, and God hides the heaven and the earth. Origin throws away the world of mortals and only nods when it breaks the floating life. "
The existing buildings in yuquan temple face south. The central axis is Tongxian Bridge, Sun Temple, Qinglong Hall, White Tiger Hall, Paradise Square on Earth, Jade Emperor Pavilion, First Mountain Archway and Shangqing Palace from bottom to top. On both sides are Leizu Temple, Sanguan Temple, Duli Temple, Cang Xie Palace, Manjusri Hall, Wenchang Palace, Beidou Palace, Yuquan Pavilion, Jingguan Pavilion, Shenxian Cave, Ergong Temple, Tianjinglou and Zhao Mengfu Poetry Monument.
Laojunmiao, the tallest building in yuquan temple, was built in Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty. Built on 64 steps, it takes the meaning of Lao Jun's sixty-four hexagrams. Laojun Hall is Manjusri Hall in the east, Wenchang Palace in the west and Beidou Palace in the southwest. The original mountain gate archway in front of Beidou Palace is in the same strain as Jiang Fei Lane archway and Nanguo Temple archway in Tianshui City, which shows the amazing wisdom and superb skills of the ancient working people. Now the old gentleman's hall has been destroyed, leaving only the tall single-eaves hanging archway in front of the hall.
Yuquanguan Zhang Sanfeng's Original Works
Zhang Sanfeng (1248-? ) Quan Yi, whose name is Junbao, is Sanfeng. Yizhou (now Fuxin County, Liaoning Province) people. He is considered to be the founder of Wudang Neijia, who founded Taiji Chuan Fa. This plaque is now hung with Tianshui Yuquan view.
Shangjiuchao house
Every year, on the ninth day of the first lunar month, Tianshui citizens will go out of the city to "see" yuquan temple at the foot of Tianjing Mountain.
From the eighth night of the first month, citizens flocked to yuquan temple. From the front, firecrackers are ringing, brightly lit and lively, and * * * prays for peace and good luck in the new year. At zero o'clock, the crowd was almost packed, and bells, drums and laughter blended together. The huge Chaoguan group is full of brilliance, and the crowds meander up and down the mountain, and the amusement is unprecedented. After midnight, the crowd was a little sparse.
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The ninth dynasty view on the first day of the first month
Gansu Daily Ernst & Young
On the ninth day of the first month, the Spring Festival atmosphere in Tianshui is still very strong.
According to custom, people will go to yuquan temple to "see the temple" on this day.
I don't know when the saying "burning incense on the head" came down, but people think it's good to burn incense on the head.
As a result, the prelude to the "Chaoguan" on the first night of August was opened. At first, it was scattered in twos and threes, some boys and girls and impatient middle-aged people. Gradually, the road to yuquan temple was crowded with people, and men and women were as bright as freshly washed silver. The new year's new clothes exhibition was held properly, holding the old man, the daughter-in-law and the children, all beaming, laughing and laughing all over the city, and the festive and lively atmosphere stirred Tianshui City. Tianshui is really a city that never sleeps. People rush to burn "head wick incense" and pray for good luck and peace. In fact, burning incense on the head is only one reason. People join in the fun, and climbing at night adds another interest, so the custom of "viewing the scenery" has been handed down and become a ceremony. On the ninth and fifteenth day of the ninth lunar month, "watching lanterns" and "worshipping people" on the sixteenth lunar month (also starting at midnight on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month) became a series of folk activities for Tianshui people to celebrate the New Year. From the eighth night to the ninth morning, and from the fifteenth night to the sixteenth morning, it is the busiest night during the Spring Festival and the climax of the Spring Festival in Tianshui.
"Chao Guan" is actually a temple fair dedicated to Yuquan, just like the temple fair dedicated to Fuxi's birthday on the 16th. Tianshui people say it is "Ren Chao". This language is concise, has the unique respect of Tianshui people, and has profound cultural implications.
Yuquan temple is a famous Taoist temple, located at the foot of Tianjing Mountain in the north of Tianshui City, facing the Nanguo Temple in Yin Hui in the south of the city. The mountain scenery is adjacent to the city wall in the south, and in a corner of the downtown area, it is quiet, extraordinary and unique, quiet and refreshing; Tianjing Mountain twists and turns, from west to east, soothing and smooth, soft and quiet, with beautiful shape; Temples, pavilions and pavilions are built along the slope and along the mountain. The design is ingenious, and the buildings in Ming and Qing dynasties are simple and honest, with the unique aesthetic feeling of northern architecture. The main buildings are Laojun Hall, Manjusri Hall, Wenchang Palace and Huangyu Pavilion.
Going to yuquan temple is like climbing Mount Tai to the worse. After walking through Tongxian Bridge, you climb the steps leading to the Jade Emperor Pavilion. Although the 53 steps are not as steep as climbing a ladder to the worse gate, the general trend is still there. Standing on the first stone steps, looking up, the huge plaque of "Heaven and Earth" hanging on the cornice of Yuhuang Pavilion looks down at you peacefully, like staring. Climbing high is the innate desire of human beings. Climbing high and looking far is always exciting. Therefore, when I saw the giant plaque of "Heaven and Earth" hanging in the sky, my ears echoed with some kind of call, and my heart surged with the desire to board the ship. Boarding the arched Jade Emperor Pavilion is really standing on the worse gate. Although there is no ling to see the momentum of the mountains, there is another kind of taste surging in my heart. What kind of feeling is "heaven and earth"! Overlooking the world, people come and go. Looking up, the wind is flying and the sky is vast. The road under your feet takes you through this Taoist temple that has experienced more than 700 years of wind, frost, rain and snow. At this time, the chaotic thoughts will be gradually smoothed by the scenery in the field of vision, and the mood will gradually become quiet and peaceful.
Don't go back down the mountain, but walk along the winding path. The trees are hidden, quiet and mysterious, and you will enjoy another scenery. Especially on the night of the eighth day of the eighth lunar month, people at the top of the mountain are noisy. When they suddenly move from the noisy atmosphere to a quiet place, their hearts will feel quiet and comfortable, and their impetuous hearts who have lived in the city for a long time will gradually calm down.
I haven't been to Chaoguan for several years. On the night of the eighth day of the first month, firecrackers exploded one after another in the street, stirring my heart. I had the impulse to go up the mountain and go to the gate with my wife and children. I am very happy. But my son didn't go, saying it was boring. My son is around 19, the college entrance examination notice came, and he left, so far away. When we are together, we can't be worried or make people angry. We are looking forward to growing up quickly and going out to school early. The real son left home, but he thinks about his son every day, hoping that he will come back soon and go home for the New Year.
I came back, and a few days later, I was embarrassed again. I want to play together, but he won't go. In fact, when my son was a child, I carried him on my shoulders to "see the scenery". At that time, there were no taxis, so it was not convenient now. It's a long way from the south of the city to the north of the city. I carry it up and down the mountain for fear of being hit. Although I climbed a mountain and ran down a mountain, I was sweating all over, but the whole family was very happy and had a good time. Now that children have grown up, they have their own other half, their own life world and their own interests, and they are unwilling to go out with us. Good boy!
I just said I wasn't interested, but I quickly answered the phone and left in a hurry. Said to "see the scenery" with friends. This makes people a little angry, but when you think about it, the "morning view" on the eighth night of the eighth day is originally a matter for young men and women.
Tianshui's "reception" has been passed down for a hundred years.
According to Yuquan's Collection of Scriptures and Searching for the Gods, the Jade Emperor was originally the prince of Yan Guang's Miaole Kingdom, and later he gave up the throne. He practiced truth in Puming Xiangshan Middle School, assisted the country, taught the people and changed all beings. It took 3200 years to prove Jin Xian, who was called the king of pure nature. After another billion robberies, the Jade Emperor became the supreme god in charge of heaven. He was born on the ninth day of the first month of the third month, so later Taoist temples set up sacrifices to commemorate him on this day every year. Yuquan temple, a Taoist resort in Tianshui, is no exception. According to statistics, from the eighth night of the first month to the ninth night of the first month, the number of people attending the ninth meeting exceeded100000.
Every year, on the ninth day of the first lunar month, Tianshui citizens will help the old and bring the young to yuquan temple at the foot of Tianjing Mountain in the north of Tianshui City. The court official is also called "Nine Festival". It is said that the ninth day of the first month is the birthday of the Jade Emperor. This day every year is the first important event for Tianshui people to celebrate the Spring Festival.
The concept of the Nine Dynasties is a festival celebrated all over the world. In Qin Zhou, this is a celebration for generations, not only a prayer for happiness, but also a public cultural and entertainment activity. From the eighth night of the first month, the temples in the temple are brightly lit, flags are hung high, cigarettes are lingering, and bells are ringing. Taoist priests dressed neatly, chanting confessions. Midnight (1 1 pm- the next day 1 pm) is the peak time for burning incense, which is called "burning incense on the head". The ninth day of the first month is the day of the temple fair, and the crowd is more crowded. With the appearance of the splint team, the temple fair reached its peak. On this day, people must buy a bunch of winter grass (commonly known as auspicious grass) to wear on their chests when they go up the mountain. It is said that it can eliminate disasters, avoid diseases and be auspicious, which symbolizes that people are eager for good luck and live a good life of "evergreen all the year round".
Cultural temple fairs highlight folk charm
As a holy place of Taoism, in recent years, yuquan temple's "Shang cocktail party" has not only continued to inherit its traditional sacrificial ceremony, but also added many new contents with cultural connotations, organized quiz games, collected couplets, martial arts performances and other colorful activities, and gradually developed into a unique cultural temple fair.
The national 2 1 website and newspapers in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan also published the unprecedented grand occasion of Yuquanguan's "Shangjiuhui" cultural temple fair, calling it "the largest temple fair activity in northwest China". Yuquanguan Temple Fair has become one of the most popular Spring Festival cultural activities in Tianshui.
The staff of the Municipal Cultural Bureau told the reporter: "In order to combine Tianshui culture with Yuquanguan's characteristic culture, cultural activities should be held frequently. Such as holding calligraphy and painting exchange exhibitions, shadow play performances, tea performances, poetry readings, guqin performances, etc. These activities will enrich yuquan temple's tourism activities, thus better reflecting the cultural connotation of yuquan temple and highlighting the unique folk charm of cultural temple fairs. "
Ms. Zhang, a citizen, said that it has become a habit to visit Yuquan on the ninth day of the first month of each year. "Going to a cocktail party" is an indispensable folk cultural activity for Tianshui people. According to President Zhao of the Taoist Association in this area, there was a "Mountain Meeting" in yuquan temple in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, which was later called "Mountain Meeting" and "Nine Meeting", which was a grand ceremony and etiquette activity in ancient times. The "Shangjiuhui" once became a local mass organization in the Qing Dynasty, as evidenced by the inscription on the restoration of the Guantong Xianqiao in Yuquan: "Jiaqing Bingzi renovated the" Shangjiuhui ". In the late Republic of China, the organization died out on its own, but the custom of looking at the DPRK continued.
On the ninth day of the first month, in the grand celebration held in Yuquanguan, the guard of honor, splint team and drum band composed of palace lanterns, flags, umbrellas, couplets and icons added a lot of joy to the temple fair. One of the most striking is Qin Zhou's splint dance, also called playing splint, which is a continuation of ancient music offering sacrifices to gods. According to legend, when the Luo Yu River overflowed, the Dongguan people in Tianshui sacrificed to the Luo Yu River God every year for peace, and made a vow to fix the Jade Emperor's splint. This custom has spread to this day, and its scale is getting bigger and bigger. The splint dance is essentially similar to a folk celebration, and it is an ancient and unique dance music. The splint is made of Toona sinensis or Sophora japonica, and the splint used for Tianshui "Shang cocktail party" is about one foot and five inches long. On the ninth day of the first month, the plywood maker wore a blue gown, a blue cloth belt around his waist, trouser legs and blue cloth shoes. In addition, in the process of playing plywood, accompanied by rotating dance skills, the crackling plywood is played with national instrumental music such as drums, cymbals, gongs, flutes and suona, which is rough and unrestrained. Qin Zhou Clapboard Drum Team is dressed in black clothes and trousers, with a white ribbon tied around its waist, with solemn expression and simple movements, all of which reveal an ancient rhyme of Qin Feng.