Why does the West preach the "African Origin Theory"? Because of the "European origin theory" completely disappointed!
20 16-09-29 Liu Bo
Author's Note: More than ten years ago, Mr. Liu Bo met Mr. He Lin for publishing The Origin of China People. From then on, the two pioneers of Chinese civilization, the source of human civilization, began an academic journey of friendship ... Unfortunately, a few years ago, Mr. He completed his diligent life, which was a great loss in the heavy responsibility of studying the history of civilization and cultural history ... Today, Professor Huang of Central South University made the judgment that "modern people originated in East Asia" with molecular theory research.
Before refuting this road map, let me briefly talk about my basic understanding of the origin of human beings and share it with you. Although the understanding and discussion on the origin of human beings came into being with the development of human civilization and culture, such as "Pangu created heaven and earth", "Nu Wa created man", "God created man" and "Adam and Eve", it was the early understanding and discussion of human beings in this respect. However, this kind of understanding and discussion should really be promoted to professional research, which should be accompanied by the rise of archaeology, and human beings should enter a new stage of exploring their own sources from archaeology. Because most of the first archaeologists were Western Europeans, and early human fossils were also found in Europe, it was natural to put forward the view that human beings originated in Europe. Later, not far from Cairo, Egypt, the primate Fayoum ape was discovered 35 million years ago, which opened the theory of African origin. The discovery of Javanese and Beijingers in Asia shocked the world, and Asia entered the stage of human origin; With a series of discoveries by australopithecus africanus, the viewpoint of human origin tends to Africa, which is a historical overview of human origin from the perspective of primates and fossils. Now, let me talk about my own views.
In my opinion, today's discussion on the origin of human beings focuses on two aspects: one is to talk about primates and fossils; The second is to study the origin of human beings from mitochondria and chromosomes, which rose in the last century. When it comes to primates and human fossils, it is necessary to talk about the geographical changes from apes to trees. Before a better theoretical breakthrough, some people denied Darwin's theory of species evolution and Engels' view of labor evolution that it was unreasonable for apes to evolve into humans. "Science has proved that the process of apes evolving into humans may have happened millions of years ago. So when the earth was millions of years old, where did the change of geographical environment prompt apes to come down from trees and live on the ground, thus gradually evolving into people? The place that can cause such great geographical changes is not Africa, Europe, America and Australia, but the only place is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on the mainland of Kunya (Asia). 40 million to 50 million years ago, the Indian plate hit the Lu Kun (Asia-Europe) plate, and the belt expanded. Geologically, it is called Himalayan orogeny, which has formed a geographical pattern with unattainable Himalayas in the south, cold Pamirs in the west and desert hills in the northwest. Because of this great geographical change, the forest in the living area of ancient apes gradually decreased, and apes came down from trees to the ground and began to divide their hands and feet. With the further deterioration of geography and climate, Australopithecus had to disperse and move to the surrounding forest areas, which is why Australopithecus later concentrated in Southeast Asia, India and Pakistan subcontinent, Africa and Europe thousands of years ago. In East Africa, North Africa and other regions, Australopithecus has formed a system because of geography, climate, forests and other factors, which is very suitable for the life of apes. It is said that human beings originated in Africa, Asia and even Europe, which actually separated the whole process of ape evolution to human beings. It is because of the' gradual growth' of the young Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the changes in its surrounding environment that apes gradually moved to the southeast of the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins, Southeast Asia, India and Pakistan subcontinent, and extended to northeast Africa and even Europe. " (Liu Bo answered reporters' questions on publishing sources)
As far as fossil materials of primates and humans are concerned, "China has made a series of new archaeological discoveries since the last century. For example, primates were discovered 55 million years ago in Hengdong, Hunan, 45 million years ago in Huang Shang, Jiangsu, and 40 million years ago in Yuanqu, Shaanxi. These primates have been found in China. In China, the early human fossil materials found only in the central Yunnan Plateau and the Yangtze River valley have formed a rich treasure house. The basic series are: Kaiyuan Australopithecus 6.5438+0.5 million years ago, Lufeng Australopithecus 8 million years ago, Baoshan Australopithecus 8 million to 4 million years ago, Butterfly Man 4 million years ago, Oriental Man 2.7 million years ago and Founder Man 2.5 million years ago. The formation of this continuous and orderly evolutionary chain of apes is unique here and difficult to achieve in other parts of the world, including Africa, which fully shows the unique characteristics of human origin. " (Liu Bo answered reporters' questions on publishing sources)
In terms of primate origin, African origin theory is definitely at a disadvantage. Western scholars have the means to put forward the concept of modern people and make the hypothesis that DNA research supports modern people from Africa, saying that hundreds of thousands or tens of thousands of years ago, humans on the African continent replaced ancient humans on other continents.
"It was American scholars who put forward the origin of modern people in Africa earlier. 1987, they led two laboratories to detect the genetic material deoxyribonucleic acid in cell mitochondria, and found that the ancestors of modern people can be traced back to an African woman' Eve' about150 thousand years ago, saying that the descendants of' Eve' began to migrate from the African continent to other continents in the world. As for the primitive humans in other continents, where did they go? Some scientists infer that primitive humans in other continents were completely destroyed by the cold of glaciers, while others infer that they were all conquered and replaced by Eve's descendants. It is speculated that the descendants of this' Eve' came to China about 50,000-60,000 years ago. They came to China to settle, live and reproduce, replacing the primitive people living in Chinese mainland. When I first saw the above "scientific conclusion", I was thinking, can scientific research be like this? A scientific hypothesis is actually based on scientific facts and logic, otherwise it will always be just a hypothesis ... You assume that ancient humans in other ancient lands died because of the arrival of the Ice Age, and you must also assume that humans will stop migrating and will not migrate during this period? Can only freeze to death in situ? Otherwise, human beings are moving from a relatively cold place to a place where they can live better. Isn't it more convincing that the present human beings on the African continent migrated from the bigger and older ancient land Asia at this time? Moreover, during the ice age of the earth, only the ice sheets in the north and south poles increased and the sea water plummeted, but some fertile land on the seabed was exposed, vegetation grew, herbivores came, carnivores followed, and human beings were more actively looking for new opportunities. It was at this time that China people went to the United States and Australia. If people in other ancient lands died, what about animals and plants? From this point of view, it is an arbitrary inference without science, facts or even basic logic to assume that ancient humans in other ancient lands are all dead and modern humans are from Africa, which is not worth refuting from the internal appearance, not to mention archaeological evidence.
Look at the human evolution chain discovered by land archaeology in China within 500,000 years: Beijingers 500,000 years ago-Tangshan people in Nanjing 350,000 years ago-Jinniushan people (early homo sapiens) 280,000 years ago-Hexian people 250,000 years ago-Tongzi people 240,000 years ago-Dali ape-man 200,000 years ago-Changyang people 6,543,800 years ago. Maba people lived 6.5438+0.2 million years ago in Dingcun, 6.5438+0.00 million years ago in Xu Jiayao (and Lijiang people and Xindong people near Zhoukoudian), 80,000 years ago in Guandu (late Homo sapiens), 70,000 years ago in Liujiang (Hetao people) and 50,000 years ago in Xichou (Kunming people). Archaeological facts also confirm that the ancient humans in Australia and America came from Asia and China. Before the modern western white colonization, the races in the United States and Australia were all yellow. At the same time, it also verified that the oldest human mummy found in Europe-the Oates Iceman 5300 years ago was China Huang. The question about the DNA complexity of a race, a certain ethnic group or a certain group of people is not about whether it is ancient or not, but only shows that this race or ethnic group or a certain group of people has had more complicated integration; On the contrary, because some ancient nationalities have maintained relatively independent development in history, they are rarely intermarried by other nationalities or groups, and their DNA is pure. "(Liu Bo answered a reporter's question about publishing the source)
The following refutes the smug "road map of chromosome human out of Africa" of western scholars.
For this so-called road map, I want to point out many illogical places:
1, human existence and life will inevitably leave traces, and the conclusion of DNA research on human origin is basically consistent with the corresponding human archaeological fossils and remains in theory; If there is no corresponding evidence on the path of human migration, it largely shows that there are great problems in DNA research itself or the research direction of researchers is wrong. This migration map boldly shows that 40,000 to 50,000 years ago, ancient Africans crossed the Mande Strait and landed in Yemen. Most of them braved the wind and waves to the Indian Ocean, and then traveled to South Asia, Australia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, Australia and America through cameras. It seems that tens of thousands of years ago, the ancients had advanced sea-going and navigation technology, so they deliberately walked by sea instead of land. The route developed by themselves is basically inconsistent with the fossils and remains of human activities actually found.
"According to the results of mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome analysis, the earliest migration path of human beings was from Africa to Australia, but unfortunately, archaeologists have not been able to find physical evidence on this route." (Scientists Collect DNA Samples on a Global Scale to Track Human Migration Routes) If humans first go out from Africa to Australia, then Australia must be an extremely important and frequent place for human activities. But archaeology proves that Australia is the continent with the least human remains and activities. The southern line of China Yellow Breed crosses the small sea from the Yangtze River basin, passes through the Indian zhina Peninsula, the Iranian Plateau or the northern line from Siberia to West Asia, and then branches to Africa and Europe, from the Bering Strait to America, heading for Southeast Asia (the water level at that time was nearly 200 meters lower than today's average level), which can basically be proved by the discovered human fossils and neopaleontological sites. Therefore, if DNA research is divorced from actual archaeology, the conclusion may be incorrect or even absurd; However, if we still carry out "hegemonic research" with "western-centered theory", we will confuse the research direction of human origin and get farther and farther away from the truth of human origin.
2. Since DNA was used to study the origin of human beings, the actual research results are varied, inconsistent, completely different or completely contradictory. Since the hypothesis of 1987 was put forward, many geneticists have done research. Some results support this hypothesis, while others do not. The research results also give the so-called "data" of the origin of modern humans in different ages: some were 6.5438+10,000 years ago, some were 200,000 years ago, some were 290,000 years ago, and some were 800,000 years ago. British scholars announced through DNA research that the first female ancestor of mankind was in Africa143,000 years ago, while the first male ancestor was 59,000 years ago, 80,000 years later than women. In a short time, this research group in the west published in their authoritative magazine Science the view that human beings walked out of Africa more than 200,000 years ago, and half a year later, some scientists confidently published in the magazine the view that human beings walked out of Africa more than 10 million years ago. A few days ago, a new "achievement" was published here, saying that human beings walked out of Africa in 50,000 to 60,000 years ... Think about whether this kind of research is a "scientific" research or a "random" research? In short, it is the overlord theory: from Africa!
3. It is said that human beings migrated from Africa to other continents, but did African blacks hundreds or tens of thousands of years ago really talk about today's African continent? If we are not sure whether we are on the African continent today, the imaginary human migration route or the so-called gene tree may be upside down, and the roots are upside down or disordered or even nonexistent. The earliest civilization in Africa, the ancient Egyptians, was yellow, not black or white; Similarly, the Sumerians, the earliest creators of civilization in the two river basins in West Asia, were not black or white, but also yellow. The spread and vagrancy of modern humans from the Yangtze River valley in China to all parts of the world will be confirmed by more and more discoveries of human fossil archaeology and human activities. Based on the study of China's ancient history, African blacks and European whites were exiled from the south coast and northwest of China during the Yao and Shun period about 4,000 years ago, that is, "working in a secluded tomb and becoming North Germany"; Let joy go to worship mountains and become Man Zi; Move three seedlings and three dangers to change Xirong; I squatted in Yushan and became a foreigner. "From northwest China to west Asia, the Bai people became Arabs, and then became Europa to the west. Therefore, these "scientific" conclusions and "migration roadmap" fabricated by western scholars are basically "putting an own goal" and "unwarranted".
4. From "assuming" that modern humans walked out of Africa to "confidently" speculating that China and other primitive ancient humans in Asia and Europe were "replaced" by Africans who came, many people who "forced" other lands to disappear naturally either froze to death during the Ice Age or disappeared due to other factors ... And those western scholars who cling to the theory that human beings originated in Africa for the right to speak in civilized culture are sometimes embarrassed to do so again. This paper attempts to put forward an "improved version" of this theory and the theory that Africans come to integrate with other mainlanders. For example, John Templeton, a biologist at the University of Washington in the United States, published "Going out of Africa again and again" in the journal Nature on March 8, 2002, and his latest research results were published in the American Yearbook of Institutional Anthropology in 2005. Templeton said that his new research will subvert the international prestige of the past 20 years. Templeton found through genetic analysis that there was hybridization between Homo erectus and the natives who walked out of Africa, rather than the destructive complete replacement mentioned before, and there was ubiquitous gene exchange.
Vinayak Eswaran of Indian Institute of Technology pointed out that after early humans left Africa, they mated with ancient humans in other regions to reproduce, so 80% of modern human genomes were affected by this mating. Some western scholars have concluded through a series of mathematical calculations that the 6.5 billion people living on this earth now have a common ancestor. They lived thousands of years ago, or rather in East Asia and even China. Therefore, I clearly pointed out in the first chapter of "Source-Study on the Origin of Human Civilization in China": "No matter how authoritative it is published in the journals they think, or how reasonable it is, whether it helps to prove that human beings originated in China or vice versa, we can only use it as a reference; Only those conclusions that do have certain reasoning and thinking value will be considered as the basis of our reasoning. "
5. Get rid of the directional research errors caused by "western centralism". This picture just reflects the spread of ethnic groups in China to the whole world ... Humans have pushed back to history for more than 300 years from today, and they have basically occupied most of Asia, most of, and most of the oceans; Four thousand years ago, Africa and Europe were still China, and blacks and whites were still eating and drinking blood in the forests along the coast and northwest of China. The Iceman of Oates, discovered more than 20 years ago and 5,300 years ago, is the chief of the yellow wizard in China. Do western scholars want to refute it? Would you like to publish it and let us study the found body directly?
Therefore, the so-called DNA supporting the African origin theory is to imagine the "result" you want to prove first, and then try every means to rely on the "result", and the result is still full of loopholes. Of course, there is no right or wrong in DNA research itself. As long as the operation is normal, as long as it is not hegemonism (grabbing the right to speak of civilized culture at the expense of confusing research), it is more effective to conduct comprehensive research on archaeology. The main mistake and contradiction in this picture lies in the migration from Africa to Asia, but in fact, the yellow race in China gathered from the southern and northern lines of China to western Asia and the Mediterranean; What is even more embarrassing is the big mistake of "moving to Australia first".
Europeans certainly don't want to see China as the origin of human beings and the source of human civilization. The "unconditional" push of "African origin theory" is nothing more than the "initiative" to control the discourse power of civilized culture through the "initiative" of research. Since the reform and opening-up, most scholars in China have highly praised the academic worship of foreign things since modern times. When Americans started DNA research, "modern humans came from Africa" has become a recognition that everyone seems to recognize today; Only in the face of the real archaeological discovery in China, scholars such as Wu Xinzhi barely shouted out weak different voices, which is the realistic background of this topic at home and abroad today. Of course, this picture aims to avoid the truth of human migration from the Yangtze River valley in China to West Asia, the Middle East and then to Africa and Europe, and the route from China to the United States and Australia should also be painted as mostly through the ocean, obviously to avoid China, the main body of Asia, and the relatively correct route is from West Asia to Europe. Last year, the late Mr. He Lin brushed off the haze on the surface of the painting and reorganized the painting to clarify its name:
6. Let's take a further look at the "scientific" thinking of these so-called western scientists who are completely confused about DNA. Some scientists think that "the reliability of genetic research is controversial. For example, scientists usually only pay attention to the' control region' which accounts for 7% of the mitochondrial DNA sequence, and the variation of other regions is ignored" (The Origin of Modern Humans: A Competition between Fossils and Genes), so they think about "collecting more DNA from more places".
In order to obtain evidence to support gene analysis, scientists began to focus on the organisms that accompany human beings: bacteria, viruses and even lice, hoping to find traces of human migration from the genes of these organisms. ("Mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome have become important tools for scientists to study the origin of human beings") Sure enough, their "DNA" lice have obtained evidence that accords with them: "German scientist Mark Stoke discovered last year that it is possible to calculate when body lice evolved from head lice by comparing the DNA of two kinds of lice-because the evolution speed of DNA is regular. Finally, he and his colleagues at Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Archaeology in Germany concluded that the bifurcation point of lice evolution first occurred at 1 14000 years ago. Since the evolution of new species of lice is due to the emergence of new hosts, it can be inferred that human ancestors took off their body hair and put on clothes to keep warm. " In fact, human hair loss is largely due to salt. I don't know how many sad and ridiculous conclusions will be "tossed" by western DNA research under the idea of "pseudoscience", and I am worried about how China scholars who follow the west will cater to blind worship and how the proposition of human origin will be "stormy".
7. The biggest fallacy of this theory lies in the following: firstly, the two quasi-premises of "human beings originated in Africa" and "modern people came from Africa" were affirmed, and then it was proved that China people and people from other places were genetically similar to Africa, so it was asserted that people from other places came from Africa, and it was inferred that the descendants of African Eve came to China to replace the aborigines about 40,000-60,000 years ago. After China's reform and opening-up, some scientific research institutions and scholars who worship foreign things and flatter foreign countries joined in this disharmonious propaganda and acted as a deep-water bomb of this fallacy. Others take money from Western foundations themselves to study the corresponding conclusions that satisfy the West. As just people have revealed, those who engage in genetic modification are cultivated by Monsanto, those who engage in economy are cultivated by Ford Foundation, and those who engage in biology are cultivated by Rockefeller Foundation, and so on. No wonder Fudan University conducted DNA experiments to "get people out of Africa" and "clamored" for many "evidences" that China people came from Africa. Mr. Li Jing, who presided over this work, also taught at the University of Texas in the United States.
8. There is also a historical reason why some western scholars hype up the theory of human origin in Africa, that is, they are completely desperate about the theory of European origin, and of course they are even more unwilling to admit the fact that China has the origin of human beings and civilization. However, with the continuous discovery of archaeology and the exposure of pseudoscience, the truth of human origin will give way to the science of seeking truth and being pragmatic-restoring the historical truth of human origin in China!
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