Elias Lunlott was born in a poor rural tailor's family in samar, Uxima province in western Finland. He is a collector and editor of the famous Finnish epic Ka Laivaara. After more than ten years' efforts, Lun Lott finally compiled the collected folk songs into an epic "Ka Laivaara" with a unified plot.
Chinese name: Elias Lenlot
Place of birth: samar region, Uxima province, western Finland.
Occupation: poet
Representative works: Ka Laivaara
outline
The Finnish national epic Ka Laivaara is recognized by researchers all over the world as one of the world's great epics, and UNESCO also recognizes it as a world-wide national epic. This national epic can be compared with the Greek epic Iliad, the Indian epic Mahabharata, the Persian epic Kings and the Germanic epic Song of Niperon in the history of world literature.
Early experience
Elias Lunlott was born in a poor rural tailor's family in Samar, Uxma province in western Finland. His yard is located on the bank of a small lake surrounded by green trees. The poet was influenced by this beautiful natural scenery from an early age and gave him special inspiration. He is very smart and likes reading, but he dropped out of school several times because of his poor family. Later, he worked as an apprentice in a pharmacy in Melina, and used his spare time to grab knowledge hungrily. Finally, he was admitted to Turku College in the autumn of 1822. During my study in the hospital, I was deeply appreciated by pharmacy professor Tuogelun and served as his mentor for many years. 1832, after graduating from university majoring in pharmacy, he was sent to Kayrava as a drug manager.
However, Renlott was interested in literature since he was a child, especially when he went to college. Coupled with the popular romantic trend of thought at that time, he quickly shifted his attention and set foot in the collection and research of folk poems.
He believes that this precious spiritual wealth left by predecessors should be inherited and passed on to future generations. Therefore, he began to collect folk poems in 1828, and in 1833, he sorted out the Collection of Song Ning of Wan Monet, including sixteen poems, which should be said to be the embryonic form of the epic Ka Laivaara. In addition, in 184 1 year, he also compiled a collection of lyric songs, "Female Singers of Kangtailai", which included 650 poems, mainly reflecting the painful life of the ancient working people and expressing their sighs about the difficult times.
Poetry is simple in language, sincere in feelings and full of life. 1842, he published Finnish folk proverbs, 1844, Finnish folk riddles, 1888, and he also wrote Finnish folk incantations. He also published the Finnish-Swedish Dictionary, a linguistic research achievement. As early as 1853, he was promoted to professor of Finnish linguistics at the university.
Originally published in 1835, this epic contains 32 poems, 12000 poems and those who defend and are in trouble. His yard is located on the bank of a small lake surrounded by green trees. The poet was influenced by this beautiful natural scenery from an early age and gave him special inspiration. He is very clever. Elias Lunlott was born in a poor rural tailor's family in Samar, Uxma province in western Finland. Later, he worked as an apprentice in a pharmacy in Melina, and used his spare time to grab knowledge hungrily. Finally, in the autumn of 1822, he was admitted to Turku College, which was deeply appreciated by Professor Togren of Pharmacy and served as his tutor for many years. 1832, after graduating from university majoring in pharmacy, he was sent to Kayrava as a drug manager. However, Renlott was interested in literature since he was a child, especially when he went to college. Coupled with the popular romantic trend of thought at that time, he quickly shifted his attention and set foot in the collection and research of folk poems. He believes that this precious spiritual wealth left by predecessors should be inherited and passed on to future generations. Therefore, he began to collect folk poems in 1828, and in 1833, he compiled a collection of 16 poems. This should be said to be the embryonic form of the epic "Ka Laivaara".
In addition, in 184 1 year, he also compiled a collection of lyric songs, "Female Singers of Kangtailai", which included 650 poems, mainly reflecting the painful life of the ancient working people and expressing their sighs about the difficult times. Poetry is simple in language, sincere in feelings and full of life. 1842, he published Finnish folk proverbs, 1844, Finnish folk riddles, 1888, and he also wrote Finnish folk incantations. He also published the Finnish-Swedish Dictionary, a linguistic research achievement. As early as 1853, he was promoted to professor of Finnish linguistics at the university.
100 years ago, a Finnish scholar dressed as a farmer, carrying an old backpack, a shotgun on his shoulder, a cane in his hand, a flute pinned to his button and a pipe in his mouth, traveled in the Karelia area on the border between Finland and Russia. He is Elias Lenlott, the collector and editor of the famous Finnish epic Ka Laivaara. He went deep into the working people and collected ancient folk songs, determined to introduce these folk songs to the broad masses of the people after processing and sorting:
My desire drives me,
My wisdom urges me,
I'm going to start singing,
I'm going to start singing,
I want to sing folk songs,
I want to sing the legend of the people.
After more than ten years' efforts, Lunlot finally compiled the collected folk songs into an epic "Ka Laivaara" with a unified plot. Originally published in 1835, this epic contains 32 poems and12,078 lines. 1849, on the basis of a large number of new materials, published the second edition, expanded to 50 articles, 22795 lines. The birth of the national epic Ka Laivaara made Finnish literature rank first in the world literature, and Renlott became one of the scholars who made the greatest contribution to Finnish literature.
Finnish culture has risen to such a high level at present, and its influence continues and will last forever. At present, Ka Laivaara has been translated into many languages. China translated and published this epic before, but not directly from Finnish, but from English version. This Finnish epic, which will be presented to readers in China, is directly translated from Finnish into Chinese for the first time.
Epics with ancient cultural significance can involve many themes, such as myths, legends, religions, history, philosophy, ethics and even animal stories, but the most fascinating epic is undoubtedly the heroic epic of all ethnic groups praising the great achievements of their glorious ancestors.
Heroic epics combine history and heroes in their lines. Although the history in the epic is the history of the legendary era, it is stained with strong mythology and flashes memories and associations of ancient times, but it has passed on the teachings that should be remembered from generation to generation; The hero in the epic is an idealized hero of the nation. They have the characteristics of ordinary soldiers and superhuman abilities. They are the general name of the winners of various struggles in the process of the initial creation, development and growth of a nation. "Nine merits can be sung." It is the glorious responsibility of folk singers and literary writers to praise the great fame of these heroes and their "Nine Merits". These little-known great poets sang, recorded, sorted out and even recreated their national heroic epics, showing the uniqueness of this national cultural code and spiritual temperament with high tone, solemn style, symmetrical form and touching narrative. These epics have precipitated into an important cornerstone of national consciousness and national spirit in the long years.
works appreciation
Kaleva Allah, a national epic, originated from ancient Finnish folk poetry. However, in ancient folk poetry, several male protagonists in Kaleva Allah, Wan Naimonin, Il Malinen and Leminin, were endowed with completely different characteristics, and their heroic achievements were often confused with each other in Karelia folk songs in eastern and western Finland. Vannai Mourning sometimes appeared in the sky as a creator and sometimes performed as a wizard. He is an outstanding and invincible hero, but he is either frustrated and depressed in love or senile and has become the object of teasing by some water genius or girl. However, no matter how the singers in different periods arbitrarily shaped the image of Vannamenin, they all emphasized the word "old" when describing the characteristics of Vannamenin, and they were an omniscient and immortal "God".
In ancient folk poetry, Wan Monenin was described as crossing the ocean, with dangers everywhere. Play the strings and touch the birds and animals; Stealing precious mills is exciting. In the song "Sambo Mill" sung by Perttunen, a folk singer in Karelia, Lappalainen is the sworn enemy of Wan Naimonin. He shot Wan Naimonin off his horse with a bow and arrow, causing him to fall into the sea. Wan Naimonin drifted at sea for six years, and finally landed on the coast of Boyola in the northland, and was involved in the harsh struggle with the northland overlord. The ancient folk song "Wanning Rowing and Playing the Piano" vividly describes Wanning's experience. Wan Nai Mo Ning saw other shipmates returning home with full loads after fighting with the northern overlord, but his ship ran aground on the coast and began to rot. "Earthworms nest at the bottom of the boat and birds nest in the cabin." So he angrily pushed the boat into the water and paddled with his friends. The boat later ran into the back of a big dog fish.
Wan Naimoning caught Pike and made a banjo with his jawbone. The nails on the banjo are made of fish teeth, and the strings are made of the hair of the daughter of the overlord. When Wan Naimoning, with short and thin fingers, tried to play the piano, beautiful music suddenly popped up, attracting birds, animals, fish, insects and Lin Jing, the water demon, and he himself was moved to tears. In the ancient folk song "Wanning goes to hades", it tells the story of Wanning crossing the Styx, going to hades, turning into a snake, drilling through the mesh and returning to the world. Ancient folk songs describe irma Ning as a carpenter in heaven, a maker of Mo Bao and banjo, just like Inmali, the God of Walter. He was the first person to make a fire and the first person to build a blacksmith's workshop. Irma Ning became a cultural hero and god of forging, and was the incarnation of hephaestus, the god of fire and forging in Greek mythology.
In the folk song "The Mill of Babel", it is described that Ilmarin came to Bohra, a northern country, and made a treasure mill with swan feathers, barley grains, fine wool, milk from infertile cows and spindle fragments. The Treasure Mill once made a lot of treasures for Bohra. He wanted to please the overlord in the north and marry his daughter. In the ancient poem Song of Lemmings' Rise, Lemmings' Rise is described as boundless and invincible. As soon as he says the spell, the lamb and grouse will quietly get into the mouth of the beast. When he goes to the fiery waterfall to recite the spell, an alder boat will appear on the water, with alder essence on board. If necessary, he can move the ice lake to land by saying a spell, and he will become a wild duck and get under the ice. In the folk song "The Death of Cai Ning the Lemming", it is described that Cai Ning the Lemming met a ghost on the way to the banquet and was later killed at the banquet. After hearing the news, his mother rushed to salvage the body in the Styx with a rake, but she couldn't come back to life after soaking for too long.
History of poetry
As early as two or three thousand years ago, Finnish folk poetry has been produced. Folk songs created by unknown singers and poets in different periods have been passed down from generation to generation, and many folk songs have been passed down to this day. It is like a bridge connecting the past and the present, which runs through all stages of Finnish national culture. Or reflect the original ideas of the early people, or reflect the fishing and hunting culture before the agricultural culture, or describe the social outlook of the Middle Ages, which is all-inclusive and colorful. Finnish ancient folk songs not only describe the life struggle of ancient people, but also show their joys and sorrows, and also entrust their eternal hopes and ideals, and also contain their moral norms and codes of conduct. For thousands of years, folk songs have played an important role in education, entertainment, comfort and encouragement, and have had a far-reaching impact on the formation and development of Finnish literature. Finnish ancient folk songs are customarily called Ka Laivaara style, which adopts eight-syllable ascending and descending lattice and four-step poetic style. No matter how long the stanzas are, there is no interval between stanzas, and alliteration rather than foot rhyme is emphasized. Stylistically, two parallel lines are used to express the same meaning, and the words in the latter line are synonymous or similar to those in the previous line, which is convenient for folk songs to be recited and sung impromptu in public.
The tunes of ancient Finnish folk songs are extremely simple, but the formal singing style is quite unique. When singing folk songs, the male singer is accompanied by the lead singer and the backup singer, sitting on the same bench, holding hands, knee to knee, accompanied by banjo, and leaning back and forth like a saw when singing. Every line of poetry is sung twice, that is, the lead singer once, at the end of the line, the backup singer joins in and sings again alone. At this time, the lead singer had already thought about the next line of poetry, so he sang it for the first time, and so on. The singer's singing was accompanied by a chorus. A group of female singers lead a poem first, and then the chorus sings it again. People praise labor in folk songs and hum folk songs in labor. They sing songs while grinding grain with small slates, and they also have the habit of singing folk songs when herding cattle, milking, fishing or traveling. In the occasion of holding celebrations, weddings or bear meat banquets, it is even more important to invite outstanding singers to sing for fun. In Inkri and other areas in southern Finland, young girls often gather in twos and threes to sing on the swing field in the village. On Sunday or holiday nights, they hum folk songs leisurely in groups in the village street.
Compared with the literature of other European countries, Finnish literature has been deeply and permanently influenced by folk poetry, which is mainly manifested in the early 20th century, when many ancient folk songs full of wisdom, imagination and sense of humor were widely circulated among the people. In addition, Finland is a weak country in history, but the Finnish people are full of national pride and patriotic enthusiasm. In order to safeguard national dignity and strive for national independence, they waged an indomitable and arduous struggle, and carrying forward the tradition of ancient folk songs was one of their main means of struggle at that time. Because of this, the ancient Finnish folk songs have become the inexhaustible spiritual wealth of the Finnish people and provided fertile soil for the deep-rooted Finnish literature.
Personality assessment
Ka Laivaara is a milestone in Finnish literature, which has a far-reaching influence on Finnish literature, art and language. It has become the source of Finnish literature and art ... and it is also a wonderful flower in the world literary world, which is different from other heroic epics in Europe. As far as its ideological content is concerned, most heroic epics in Europe praise the leaders, emperors and generals of the ruling class, while the main characters in Ka Laivaara are ordinary workers from humble origins. As far as its artistic skills are concerned, European heroic epics mostly show magnificent and huge scenes and battlefields with swords and swords, while Karl Laivaara mostly shows the labor scenes of ordinary people. This not only reflects the social reality at that time, but also gives the event a fantasy or myth color, thus showing the unique realm of folk stories and folk poems.
Wan Naimonin has always been the central figure in this epic, and people have shaped his image with special feelings according to their own imagination. His birth and initial actions were painted with the glory of the mythical world by folk poets, but with the unfolding of epic stories, he was endowed with more and more mortal characteristics and gradually rose to the ideal height of tribal leaders. Wan Nai Mo Ning, who is "self-mature and steady", has multiple personalities, and he combines many characteristics of a man and a gentleman. He is hardworking and knows everything: planting trees, logging, plowing, sowing, hunting, fishing, shipbuilding, sailing, treating diseases, making a piano out of birch, and so on. He is cautious and persistent, he is far-sighted and persuasive. He warned young people not to be captives of gold and silver treasures. He is a brave soldier, resourceful and wise, and never panics in adversity. Besides, he has a sentimental and kind heart. Even when cutting down the forest, he will never forget to leave a birch tree to give the singing birds a place to live. Vanamonin also has the characteristics of loving beauty. He is a real artist. He plays the piano well and is fascinated by singing. The most touching thing is his patriotic enthusiasm. When he was in Bohemia, a northern country, he often burst into tears because he missed his hometown.
In a word, the national epic Ka Laivaara is the crystallization of the collective creation of the working people in ancient Finland. It interweaves reality and imagination in an exaggerated way, and sings the voice of the peaceful people. After a long period of collection and arrangement, the poet Lun Lott selected the best representative works from many oral literature works handed down from generation to generation and compiled them into books. The artistic and spiritual power of this epic will always be the driving force for the Finnish people to move forward.