1. In Shang Dynasty, due to the development of wine-making industry and the improvement of bronze ware making technology, China's wine vessels reached unprecedented prosperity. At that time, there were also clans who specialized in making wine utensils for a living, such as "Long spoon clan" and "Wei spoon clan". Although the drinking atmosphere in the Zhou Dynasty was not as good as that in the Shang Dynasty, the wine vessels basically followed the style of the Shang Dynasty. In the Zhou Dynasty, there were also "sons" who specialized in making wine sets. The history of bronzes can be traced back to the Xia dynasty, and the earliest bronze wine vessel found at present is Jue in the Xia Erlitou culture period. Bronze reached its peak in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, but declined in Spring and Autumn Period. The use of wine vessels in Shang and Zhou Dynasties was basically exclusive. According to the general theory of Yin and Zhou bronzes, Shang and Zhou bronzes are divided into four parts: food containers, wine containers, water containers and musical instruments, with 50 categories, of which wine containers account for 24 categories. According to the purpose, it can be divided into wine boiler, wine container, wine drinking device and wine storage device. And ritual vessels. Rich and varied shapes. A wine container is a container for holding wine for drinking. There are many kinds, mainly the following: Zun, Hu, Qu, Yi, Dish, Jian, Hu, Yi, Urn, Bu and Yi. Each wine container has many styles, some are ordinary and some are animal-shaped. Take Zun as an example, there are Xiang Zun, Xi Zun, Niu Zun, Yang Zun and Hu Zun. The main types of drinking utensils are: water bottles, water bottles, horns, cups, boats. People of different identities use different drinking utensils. For example, the Book of Rites clearly stipulates: "When offering sacrifices in ancestral halls, the honorable person raises the flag and the humble person raises the horn". The wine warmer is used to heat the drink after drinking, and it is equipped with a spoon to take the wine easily. Some wine warmers are called bottles, which were popular in Han Dynasty. The bronze sword in the tomb of Zeng Houyi in Suizhou, Hubei Province, can hold wine with ice cubes, so it is also called ice sword.

2. Since Shang and Zhou Dynasties, bronze wine vessels have gradually declined. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, lacquered wine vessels became popular in southern China. Lacquerware became the main type in Han and Wei Dynasties. Lacquered wine vessels basically inherited the shape of bronze wine vessels. There are wine containers and drinking utensils. Lacquer ear cups are common in drinking utensils. 1 1 4 lacquer ear cups were unearthed in Yunmeng Shuihudi, Hubei Province, and 90 ear cups were also unearthed in Mawangdui No.1 tomb in Changsha.

3. Porcelain appeared around the Eastern Han Dynasty. Compared with pottery, the performance of porcelain surpasses that of pottery, whether it is making wine, holding wine or drinking. The wine glasses in the Tang Dynasty were much smaller than in the past, so some people think that distilled liquor appeared in the Tang Dynasty. Tables appeared in the Tang Dynasty, and some wine utensils suitable for table use, such as paper notes, were called "parallel twips" in the Tang Dynasty. It is shaped like a hip flask today, with a beak and a handle. It can not only hold wine, but also pour wine into a glass. So it replaced the old bottles and spoons. The Song Dynasty was the heyday of ceramic production, with many exquisite wine vessels. Song people like to drink yellow wine warm. So the combination of paper money and paper money bowl was invented. When in use, the paper money containing wine is put into the paper money bowl, and hot water is injected into the paper money bowl to heat the wine. Porcelain wine makers have been used to this day. Blue-and-white porcelain wine vessels in the Ming Dynasty are the most distinctive, while those in the Qing Dynasty have the characteristics of the Qing Dynasty, such as Francaise, Su Sancai, blue-and-white exquisite porcelain and various antique porcelain.

4. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were many kinds of wine vessels, some of which were produced in Shaoxing, a wine town, and some were imported from other places. Especially, the quality and raw materials of wine vessels were more and more advanced, and their shapes were exquisite and noble. For example, the pots from the Ming Dynasty to the middle of the Qing Dynasty were more exquisite in shape, longer in flow, more moist in glaze, more ornamented and colorful than in the previous period. Its glaze colors are blue and white, red, cyan, blue, yellow glaze, white glaze, bean green and so on. And there are three colors, five colors, pastels and soft colors. Decorative patterns include Yunlong, lotus with tangled branches, flowers, flowers and birds, grasshoppers, marine animals, landscapes, figures, and the Eight Immortals of Darkness. From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, it was generally called a hip flask, which was generally square in shape and often painted with pastel pictures of ladies outside. There were also hot flagons and hot wine glasses in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Because Shaoxing wine, which is popular at this time, is best drunk while it is hot, this kind of pot cup is particularly popular. Kettles are octagonal, hexagonal or round. Put a cup smaller than the kettle and slightly smaller than the spout in the center of the kettle, which can hold about half a catty of wine. Pour boiling water into the pot, and cover it so that the wine in the cup is heated by the heat of boiling water in the pot. The hot glass is round and shaped like a dense cylinder. Put a small glass in the cup, and put water in the cup. Put the lid on and simmer the wine in the cup. The cup in the hot wine glass has a small capacity, which is mostly used for ladies and can also be used for interior decoration. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, drinking vessels were generally wine glasses and small handleless wine cups. The wine glass is a one-ear cup and can also be used as a teacup. There is a set of wine glasses, from big to small, each set 10, exquisite and lovely. There are many kinds of small wine glasses with different sizes, and their shapes are round, toothed and square. In addition to porcelain, there are also made of purple sand, that is, the famous teapot, but most of the teapot now is not often used as a wine set.

5. The most common traditional Tibetan wine vessels are ceramic wine vessels. Careful people will find that it is more and more difficult to see this kind of wine container in the life around us. No matter in Lhasa, Shannan or Shigatse, many people sell highland barley wine, a traditional drink, but few or even almost no one sells it in clay pots. Instead, use plastic wine cans, flagons and glass beer bottles. If glass beer bottles have little to do with our traditional drink highland barley wine, it should be said that replacing pottery jars with plastic jars in highland barley wine is a changing folk phenomenon related to our tradition. For many contemporary Tibetan youths, wooden flagons are hard to see. The shape of wooden hip flask is similar to that of wooden yellow oil drum, but it is smaller and suitable for holding wine. There is a board in its mouth, which can seal about one-fifth of it, and some have a spout. Its purpose is different from making butter tea, and it is to facilitate wine holding and brewing. Nowadays, this wooden hip flask has really become an "antique" and is sold by those "antique dealers" on street stalls. In many Tibetan families, it can be said that this kind of apparatus is hardly used, and plastic hip flask and aluminum hip flask are probably used more.

6. Hicks have developed for thousands of years since ancient times, which can be described as varied and complicated, including tin hip, cloisonne hip, horn hip, bamboo wine set, iron bottle, gold and silver hip, and now stainless steel hip.

7. It is said that the Qin surname among hundreds of surnames is related to hip flask. Archaeologist Luo Zhenyu said, "Qin is like a wine bottle. Guo Moruo said that the word "Xi" above the word "Qin" is the lid of the hip flask, the word "Yue" below the word "Xi" is the ampulla of the hip flask, and the bottom of the word "X" is pointed, so it is easy to store underground. Therefore, hip flask is also closely related to the origin culture of China for 5,000 years.