Author: Sima Qian

Excerpted from Article 48 of Historical Records, Hanshu Changru Biography, Volume 180 [1]

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Han Anguo, an ancient scholar, was also a native of Cheng 'an, A Liang, and later moved to Suiyang. I experienced what Hanzi and the sage said in Li Tiansheng. Liang Xiaowang is a doctor of traditional Chinese medicine. In the rebellion, Xiao Wang appointed An Guo and Zhang Yu as generals, and defeated Wu Bing on the eastern border. Zhang Yu happeneth, safe and prudent, so Wu Can didn't cross the beam. Wu Chu has been broken, and the names of Anguo and Changyu are obvious. Liang Xiaowang, the mother and brother of Jingdi, was so loved by Dou Taihou that he invited himself to buy a photo and two thousand stones, went in and out of the game and usurped the right of heaven. The son of heaven listened, and his heart was good. The queen mother knew that the emperor was bad, but Fu Jian, the messenger of Angliang, blamed the case on the king. Princess Liang, the envoy of Liang, cried and said, "Why is Wang Xiaozi loyal to the minister and the Queen Mother saving the province? The day before yesterday, Wu, Chu, Qi and Zhao rebelled, all from Kanto to Xixiang, but Liang was the nearest relative. The Empress Dowager Liang and the Emperor were fighting, but the princes disturbed him. Kneeling down, he sent six ministers and others to fight. Because there were too many soldiers, he dared not go west, but he died and Liang died. Today, the queen mother blamed Liang Wang with a small gift. Liang Wang's father and brother were emperors, and what they saw was great. Therefore, they are called "late", "police" and "car flags" given by the emperor, which is to drive the whole country with counties, praise the princes and let the world know that the queen mother and the emperor love them. This beam is coming, blame this case. King Liang was afraid and cried day and night, not knowing what to do. Why is the filial son of A Liang loyal to the minister and the queen mother merciful? " Big princess sent a message to the Empress Dowager, who said happily, "It's the emperor of words." In a word, the emperor was relieved, and the queen mother thanked her for not wearing a hat, saying, "Brothers can't teach each other, but they are worried about their legacy." I appreciate you meeting Liang Shi. Later, Liang kissed Xiang. The Queen Mother and princess royal gave Anguo more than 1000 gold. This shows the name, and it was in the Han Dynasty. Later, Anguo sat down to make amends and was humiliated by the prison official Tian Jia. An Guo Road: "Being alone, isn't it no longer the case?" Tian Jia said, "If there is, drown it." There is nothing to live in, Liang lacks history. The history of the Han envoys in Liang Baian started at 2,000 stones. Tian Jia is dead. An Guo said, "If Ah is not an official, I will live and die together." A is naked because of meat. An Guo smiled and said, "You can drown! Rule by equality? " It's good to meet a pawn. Liang's internal history is also lacking, and filial piety is new for Qi people and public. To put it bluntly, I just want to ask civil history. Dou Taihou heard that it was written that the king took the country of Ann as his internal history. Gong He said that filial piety is for the benefit of the emperor, the monarch and the land, and he was afraid that Han Chen would not listen, so Yin made people stab Han to death as a counselor. When the deceased Wu Xiang Yuan Ang was killed, Jingdi heard that there was a plan to cheat and win, so he sent envoys to catch cheating and winning. From the tenth generation of Han envoys to Liang, the whole country was under one roof, and it was not allowed for more than a month. Anguo, a civil servant, was bullied by him and gained the position of filial piety. Anguo entered the king and wept, saying, "Your master humiliated me and died. Minister Wang Wuliang, the story ends here. If you can't win today, please resign and die. " The king said, "Why are you here?" Anguo wept several times, saying, "Your Majesty lives with the emperor day and night, and is closer to the emperor's superiors or his relatives than Linjiang King?" King Xiao said, "Buddha is as good as a king." Anguo said: "Husband is superior to father and son who are close to the river, while Gao Di said:' I am also the one who takes the world with three feet of sword', so the Emperor You can't control things and live in Oak Yang. King Linjiang, Prince Yi Chang also, in a word, abolished King Linjiang; With the palace wall, the pawn committed suicide in the lieutenant's home. who is it? Governing the world will not be chaotic. The language says,' Although you have a father, do you know that he is not a tiger? Although you have a brother, do you know that he is not a wolf? "Now the king is among the princes, and the evil minister Yue Yi, if it is forbidden, is flexible. The son of heaven did not endure the king's punishment because of the queen mother. The queen mother sobbed day and night, but fortunately the king changed himself, and the king finally didn't feel embarrassed. It's like driving in the queen's palace. Who can be the king? Xiao Wang cried a few lines before he died. Xie Anguo said, "I won by deceit today. "Pranks are better than suicide. Korean envoys repay the kindness, and everything is released, while the power is fixed in their country. Therefore, Jingdi and Empress Dowager are beneficial to the country. Filial piety king pawn, * * * king acceded to the throne, anguo sit and lose office, idle at home. At the time of Jianyuan, Tian Fen, Hou of Wu 'an, was Han Taiwei, diligent in handling affairs, and kept 500 items in Anguo. According to legend, the empress dowager Anguo and the son of heaven are also known as sages, that is, they are called a captain in the north and moved to be a big sinong. Fujian and Vietnam attack each other, and Anguo and the big bank king will return. If we don't get there, the more we kill the king and surrender, the more the Han soldiers stop. In the sixth year of Jianyuan, Wu 'an was Hou Wei and Anguo was an ancient scholar. Xiongnu came to invite relatives, and the son of heaven proposed relatives. Wang Hui, a great scholar, is also a Yan and a border official, who knows nonsense. Yi said, "Han and Xiongnu are close relatives, only a few years old. It is better not to allow it, but to strike. "An Guo said," If you fight thousands of miles, you won't make any money. Today's Huns bear the feet of military horses, bear the hearts of animals and migrate birds, which is a rare restraint. The lack of land, strong has its shortcomings. Not a person since ancient times. Han Li is a profit, so people attack him and Lu controls himself. Moreover, the crossbow is so strong that arrows can't penetrate Lu Tao; At the end of the wind, strength can't afford to float a feather. If you are not strong at first, you will eventually become weak. It's better to kiss if it's inconvenient. "Many ministers are talking about this country, so they make promises and kiss each other. In the second year, in the first year of Yuanguang, Nie Wengyi, the hero of Yanmen Ma Yi, said in reply to Wang: "When the Huns are near, they can be lured and benefited. "Yin caused Nie Weng to die in Xiongnu, saying," You can chop Mayi, make the official go to the city, and you can get everything. "Khan believes in love, but he thinks so, Xu Nie Weng Yi. Nie Wengyi also committed the crime of pretending to surrender and beheading prisoners, and the county magistrate Mayi showed Khan as a messenger. He said, "Ma Yiguan is dead. Come quickly. "So Khan rode more than 100,000 people, crossed the fortress and entered the Wuzhou fortress. At that time, there were more than 200 thousand riding officers in the Han ambush, hiding in the valley next to Mayi. Li Guang, Wei Jiang, Jiang, servant GongSunHe, arrive without pomp, Wang Hui, high official, Chinese medicine doctor, material officer general. Han Anguo, an ancient counselor, was a general of the Guards, and all generals belonged to the Guards. About Khan entered Mayi, and the Han soldiers sent out vertically. Wang Hui, Li Xi and Li Guang should not take the lead in digging trenches. So Khan entered the Great Wall of Han Dynasty in Wuzhou. Before we arrived in Mayi for more than a hundred miles, we plundered the brine and only saw the wild animals, but we didn't see anyone. If you blame it, you will get a history of five continents. Trying to stab the captain's history Wei Shi said, "Hundreds of thousands of Han soldiers fell under Mayi." Yes, he said, "It's sold by Korea! "Is to lead the soldiers back. When he left the fortress, he said, "I have a history of being a captain. It is heaven." Wei was named the "Heavenly King Stone". Put down the rumors caused by Khan. Han soldiers chased the shanzhai and stopped at the shanzhai. Wang Hui and other 30,000 soldiers learned that Khan did not cooperate with Han, and if they wanted to attack the trench, they would have to fight with Khan's elite soldiers. If the Han soldiers are doomed to lose, it is futile to retreat at a low price. Wang Hui, the son of heaven, did not attack Khan's trench, but was good at leading troops. Hui said, "When I first entered Mayi City, the soldiers took over with Khan, but I attacked his trench and made a profit. It is a shame for me to be defeated by 30 thousand people without paying attention. I was beheaded when I found out, but I ended up with your majesty's 30 thousand men. "So I went to the HuiTingWei. Ting Wei wants to recover, tease and cut him. Private travel costs 1000 yuan, and the Prime Minister flies. I dare not say, but I said to the empress dowager, "Wang Hui built Mayi first, but today he failed, and avenged the Huns." "The queen mother to court, the queen mother to the prime minister. He said: "Mayi happened first, and then it was restored, so hundreds of thousands of soldiers were sent to all parts of the world. Judging from his words, it is for this reason. And I can't get any of them, so it is quite useful to restore the trenches of other departments to comfort the literati. Today, I cannot thank the world. "So when I heard about it, I committed suicide. An Guo is a diverse person. He has enough wisdom to get along with the world, but out of loyalty. Greedy for money. Those who are elected are honest people, and so are those who are virtuous to themselves. Yu Liang cited Hu Sui, Zanggu and He Zhi as world celebrities, and scholars also admired them. Only the son of heaven thinks they are national instruments. An Guo is an ancient scholar over four years old. When Tian Fen, the Prime Minister, died, Anguo acted as the Prime Minister and was led into a car crash. The son of heaven discussed the situation and wanted to use Anguo to make it look worse. He even took Pingji Hou Xueze as prime minister. After being ill for several months, Anguo recovered and Anguo was the lieutenant. After the age of 18, he moved to Wei. Wei Qing, a general riding a chariot, killed the Huns, went out of the valley and broke the city of Khufu. General Li Guang was gained and lost by the Huns; Sun Ao is dead: they should all be beheaded to atone for Shu Ren. The following year, the Huns marched into the border, killed the western Liaoning satrap, entered Yanmen, and killed thousands of people. Ride Wei Qing, and go out of the Wild Goose Gate. Wei Guo Wei Anguo is a material officer general, stationed in Yuyang. An Guo captured Lu, saying that Xiongnu was far away. In other words, please stop the army when the letter says that Tian Fang is working. After staying in the military camp for more than a month, the Huns went to Shanggu and Yuyang. There are more than 700 people in Anguo City Wall, who have fought, won and re-entered the city wall. Xiongnu left with a little more than 1000 people and livestock. Hearing this, the emperor was so angry that he made the responsibility of releasing the country. National security is beneficial to the east, and Peiping is on the right. It's time for Huns to talk about the East. Anguo started as an ancient scholar and military guard, and was slightly demoted later; And Wei Qing, the general of Xinchang, is active and valuable. Anguo is alienated and silent; He was cheated by the Huns again, and lost a lot of lives, which was very shameful. Fortunately, I went home, but I moved to the east, and I was suddenly unhappy. For several months, I got sick and died of blood. Anguo died in the second year of yuanshuo. Tai Shigong said: Yu and Hu Sui have a long history, and the meaning of Han is deeply hidden. The words of many elders in the world are true! The pot was promoted to Zhan, and the son of heaven leaned on his side, thinking that Han Xiang would die. Otherwise, in the pot, you will be honest and respectful. An Guo is honest and honest. At first it was ginger. Sit by the seat and avoid the shape. Ashes are more natural and lost at birth. Those who push the sage see the weight, and bribe the money to slander. The snow cries to realize the Lord, and the minister can know the day. [2]

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Han Anguo, an ancient scholar, was born in Cheng 'an County, Guo Liang. Serve Liang Xiaowang as a Chinese medicine practitioner. During the rebellion between the Seven Kingdoms and Chuping, Zhang Yu was sent as generals to fight in Dongjiang, and Zhang Yu struggled to resist, so that Wu Jun could not cross the defense line of Liang State. When the Wu Chu Uprising subsided, the fame of Han Anguo and Changyu became prominent. Later, Han Anguo was convicted of breaking the law, and Tian Jia, the jailer of Mengxian County, insulted Han Anguo. Han Anguo said, "Won't there be a resurgence after the resurgence?" Tian Jia said, "Burn it again, and sprinkle a bubble of urine to douse it." Soon after, Liang Neishi's position was vacant, and the Han court sent an envoy, appointed him as Liang Neishi, and imprisoned him as a 2000 stone official. Tian Jia abandoned his official position and ran away. Han Anguo said, "If Tian Jia doesn't come back to take office, I will destroy your clan." Tian Jia undressed and bared her chest to apologize. Han Anguo smiled and said, "You can pee! Is a person like you worth my punishment? " Finally be kind to him. In the sixth year of Jianyuan, Han Anguo became the Imperial Physician. The Huns sent people to ask for relatives, and the emperor handed them over to his courtiers for discussion. Wang Hui, a big bank, commented: "It won't be long before the Han Dynasty and Xiongnu and their relatives break their promises again." Han Anguo said: "Now the Huns rely on enough troops and horses, and with the heart of an animal, they fly like birds, so it is difficult to control them. The land we get from it can't be regarded as expanding territory, and the people who own it can't be regarded as powerful. They have not belonged to our people since ancient times. If the Han army competes for profits thousands of miles away, it will be exhausted, and the enemy will deal with our weaknesses with all-round advantages. And even the finest white silk produced in Shandong can't penetrate at the end of the strong crossbow. It is really unfavorable to send troops to attack the Huns. It is better to kiss them. " So the emperor agreed to kiss the Huns. In the first year of Yuanguang, Nie Wengyi, a noble gentleman in Mayi City, Yanmen County, told the emperor through Wang Hui: "The Huns have just married the Han people and are close to trusting the frontier people. You can tempt them with money. " So he secretly sent Nie Wengyi as a spy and fled to Xiongnu. He said to Shan Yu, "I can kill the county magistrate, county magistrate and other officials of Mayi, surrender Mayi to you, and get all the property." Khan trusted him and thought what he said was reasonable, so he agreed to Nie Wengyi. Nie Wengyi came back, beheaded the condemned man, hung his head in Mayi City, and pretended to be the head of an official in Mayi City, in order to gain the trust of the messenger sent by Khan. He said, "The leader of Mayi is dead. You can come quickly. " So Khan led more than 100 thousand cavalry through the frontier fortress and entered the Wuzhou fortress. At this time, the Han Dynasty ambushed more than 300,000 troops and hid them in the valley next to Mayi City. Han Anguo, an ancient counselor, served as an imperial general, and all generals were subordinate to the imperial general. The two sides agreed that when Khan entered Mayi City, the ambush of the Han army would rush to attack. At that time, Khan's army was more than 100 miles away from Mayi city, and was about to rob and plunder, but only livestock were seen in the wilderness, but no one was seen. Khan felt very strange, so he attacked the beacon tower and captured the history of Wu Zhou. I want to inquire about Wei's family. Wei Shi said, "Hundreds of thousands of Han soldiers are lying in ambush at the gate of Mayi." Khan turned around and said to the people around him, "I was almost cheated by Han!" " "He led the troops back. Han Anguo has a great strategy, his wisdom is enough to cater to the secular, but he is loyal. The scholars he recommended are all honest people, all of whom are better than themselves. Hu Sui, Zanggu and He Zhi are three celebrities recommended by Liang Guo. Scholars praised and admired him for this, and even Tianzi thought that he was a talent for governing the country. Han Anguo died in the second year of yuanshuo. [3]

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Sima Qian (image)

Sima Qian (after 145-87 years ago) was a great historian, thinker and writer in China during the Western Han Dynasty, and was born in xia yang (Longmen) (now Hancheng, Shaanxi). He is the author of Historical Records, also known as Taishi Gong Gong Ji, which records the history of more than 3,000 years from the legendary Huangdi era in ancient China to the first year of Yuan Shou of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (BC 122). Sima Qian, with his historical knowledge of "studying the relationship between heaven and man, connecting the changes of ancient and modern times, and forming a unified view", made Historical Records the first biographical general history in the history of China, which had a great influence on later generations and was praised by Lu Xun as "a historian's swan song, leaving Sao without rhyme". His father, Sima Tan, is Taishiling (equivalent to the post of director of the National Library now). Sima Qian lived a poor life in his hometown in his early years. In the sixth year of Jianyuan, after Dou Taihou's death, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty deposed Huang Lao, the name of punishment and the words of a hundred schools of thought, and re-launched the respect for Confucianism. This is the famous "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone". In the second year of Han Yuan Shuo, Sima Qian moved from xia yang to Chang 'an, and then moved to Beijing with his family. He studied Kong Anguo's Shangshu and Dong Zhongshu's Chunqiu. Then he inherited his father's career and became a Taishiling. In BC 104, Sima Qian presided over the revision of the calendar, and at the same time officially began to write Taishi Gongshu. In the second year of Tian Han (99 BC), he pleaded for Li Ling who surrendered to the Huns because of the "Li Ling Incident". Because he was outspoken, he angered Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and thought that he was defending Li Ling, so he went to prison. In prison, Sima Qian worked hard for self-improvement, endured unbearable pain and continued to write historical records. After Sima Qian was released from prison, he served as a secretariat official, continued to write books with indignation, and finally completed the Historical Records in 9 1 BC. In 90 BC, Sima Qian died at the age of 56. The cause of Sima Qian's death is still an unsolved mystery because it is not clearly recorded in historical materials. [4]