In the Ming Dynasty, there were records about suona in ancient books:
Suona was widely used in China during Zheng De period of Ming Dynasty (1506 ~ 152 1). Qi Jiguang (1527 ~ 1587), a military commander in the Ming Dynasty, used suona in military music. He said in the Five Inscriptions of Ji Xiaoshu's Heart: "Whoever plays the trumpet is playing the suona."
There are more detailed records in "Three Stories Painting Meeting" (1607) edited by Wang Qi in the Ming Dynasty: suona is made of a seven-hole trumpet; Both ends are made of copper, and the pipe is made of wood. I don't know when it originated, but it is also a pleasure to be in the army. Nowadays, people use it more. "
In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Pan's Ode to the Emperor is the best article to describe the suona: "No, turn it down and speak loudly. The official ship is in a mess, and the price increase depends on you. The army worries about the army, and the people are afraid of the army. Where can we judge officials? Is it true?/You don't say. Seeing this, I blew the house down and hurt that one. I just blew the water away. "
In the late Ming Dynasty, suona played an important role in China traditional opera music, which was used to accompany singing and cut cards. In folk instrumental music based on traditional opera music, suona has also become an indispensable instrument.
In the Qing Dynasty, suona was called "Surnai" and was included in the court's "Guibu Qu". Nowadays, suona has become one of the musical instruments widely used by people of all ethnic groups in China.
The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, suona art was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
The saxophone was invented by Belgian adolphe sax (18 14- 1894) in 1840. Adolf was keen on making musical instruments and was good at playing clarinet and flute. His initial idea was to design a bass instrument for the orchestra. Ophicleide is flexible and can adapt to outdoor performances. He combined the mouthpiece of the bass clarinet with that of Orphee Clyde, improved it, and named this new instrument after himself. 18 14 Adolf Antoine Sachs was born in Dinan, a small town in Belgium. His father was a prestigious musical instrument manufacturer at that time. Adolphe sax/Kloc-was an outstanding student of Broussais Conservatory of Music when he was 0/5 years old, and performed with Broussais Music Symphony Orchestra. He has considerable attainments in flute and clarinet, and it is precisely because he improved the clarinet that the clarinet became a standard member of the symphony. The Belgian government greatly encouraged him and awarded him the second prize in an exhibition. However, Adolphe Sachs was a little disappointed that he failed to win the first prize. Disappointed, he went to Paris to develop. 1842, adolphe sax invented the first saxophone, which is a saxophone with E-flat in both upper and lower bass. The invention of this musical instrument left a deep impression on Berlioz, a good friend of adolphe sax. Berlioz was one of the most influential musicians in Europe at that time. He praised the musical instrument invented by adolphe sax in various media, saying that it has the most human characteristics. People named the musical instrument "Saxophone" after adolphe sax's surname, and a musical instrument with the most beautiful timbre and distinctive shape was born. 1844, saxophone was first used in George Kane Turner's opera The Last King of Judea, and Berlioz also wrote a concerto hymn for saxophone. 1946, the saxophone invented by adolphe sax was patented as a musical instrument. This established his prominent position in the music industry in Paris and was hailed as a genius in Europe. Then adolf saxophone opened a saxophone manufacturing enterprise in Paris. Adolf saxophone invented 14 saxophones with the same size and different shapes. (including trumpet, small treble saxophone and large bass saxophone. The trumpet of the bass saxophone is so big that you can even put a child in it. ) 185 1 year, adolphe sax obtained a patent for a large metal pipe with a hole spacing of 24 keys, which was called "saxophone adolphe sax".
This is a big pipe. "1853, the French army began to use saxophone, combining woodwind music and brass music perfectly. At that time, wind bands from all over Europe came to buy this instrument-the saxophone invented and produced by Adolph Sachs, which made Adolph Sachs a very rich man. Adolphe sax's success aroused the envy of his peers, so he was taken to court, claiming that adolphe sax had stolen their patents and bravely defended his invention and honor. 1885, French Selma wind instrument manufacturing company was established in Paris, which was named after its founder Henri Selmer. Selma musical instrument manufacturing company mainly produces single reed musical instruments, especially saxophone and clarinet, and its excellent product quality is world-renowned. Around 1886, the first wind band in the history of China was founded by Robert Hart, a foreigner who was then the General Affairs Section of China Customs [1835-1911]. 1887, adolphe sax added a "B-flat" key to the original "B" key of saxophone, and added a half-frame device to several bass and larger keys to protect the key. From 65438 to 0894, adolphe sax, penniless, died in Paris, but to his soul in heaven, after years of efforts by his lawyer, he finally won the lawsuit against his opponent. Before 1900, there were not many works about saxophone, because many musicians didn't know whether saxophone would last for a long time, so many musicians didn't set foot in the field of saxophone, but they could still find saxophone in the symphony Oriental, and they had excellent performances, such as Bizet's Girl in Alai City; Ravel Mosolski's photo exhibition, etc. 1903 Debussy composed a alto saxophone rhapsody and a wind band for a very rich woman in Boston. Mrs Hall later became an excellent saxophonist, and invited famous composers such as Dandy and Lovel to compose for saxophone. At the beginning of the century, European military bands toured the North American continent, and some saxophonists settled in Louisiana. It was not until the1920s that the megalithic music space brought the treble saxophone into jazz. The rich expressive force of saxophone in lay music amazed the world, thus establishing the absolute position of saxophone in lay music. Sidney Beecher is also known as the "originator" of saxophone. Saxophone appeared in Shanghai Concert Hall in 1930s and 1940s in China, but after liberation, saxophone was regarded as an unpopular instrument and once disappeared. After the reform and opening up, the number of people studying saxophone has increased, and saxophone has frequently appeared in various media and performances, and its beautiful timbre has been loved by more and more people in China. In addition, famous foreign saxophonists and famous lay orchestras come to China for exchange visits, and more and more people are learning saxophone. Even in primary school campuses in Beijing, Shanghai and Xi, quite a few primary school students can already play saxophone. As time goes by, I firmly believe that more people will know saxophone, learn saxophone and understand saxophone.