Linxia is known as "the hometown of flowers in China". On June 65438+1October 65438+September 2004, China Folk Writers Association awarded Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture the title of "China Flower Town".
"Wall" is a unique folk song popular in Linxia, Gannan, Minxian and other places in Gansu. It has the characteristics of high-pitched, bright, straightforward, lively, exciting and beautiful. Flower originated from the love songs of ethnic minorities in Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai. As early as the Qing Qianlong era, it was already famous. Zhenwu, a poet of Lintao in Qing Dynasty, once praised that "flowers are more abundant than flowers, and women are also romantic". Because of the different epidemic areas, "Hua 'er" is divided into two schools: Linxia Hua 'er and Tao Min Hua 'er, and these two schools are divided into many branches according to their different structures, styles and singing methods.
Linxia flower Mainly spread in Hezhou, Gansu (now Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu). It is the one with the widest spread, the greatest influence and the largest number of audio-visual publications among the two major factions of Hua 'er, and it is deeply loved by eight ethnic groups including Han, Hui, Dongxiang, Tu, Salar, Baoan, Tibetan and Yugur.
In Gansu, no matter the herdsmen on the grassland, the women in the field, the rafters in the river, and the foot brothers walking on the road, a few flowers will be recited in their hearts. Like Tao Min's Flower Song Festival, a grand folk flower song festival will be held spontaneously every summer and autumn before harvest, and the time is long and short. For example, the flower show in Lianhuashan, Gansu Province is very famous. Not only local singers participated, but also Hua Dan from neighboring provinces and counties came to beat time and sing.
Linxia flowers are characterized by rich tunes, lyricism, beautiful words, simplicity, vividness and rigorous structure. There are four lines and six lines. Singing is also relatively free, and mainly solo, but also duet and chorus. Its tunes are melodious, high-pitched and unrestrained. Among them, there are as many as 100 kinds of music scores (called "Linger" by the people), and more than 40 kinds are widely circulated. Such as Hezhou Order, Gama Order, Zu Order, Dayan Order, Cangkuang Order, Sister Order, Salar Order, Security Order, etc., are well-known in circulation areas.
Tao Minhua is the general name of "Lotus Mountain Flower" and "Minxian Flower".
It is one of the two major flower species in northwest China (the other is Hehuang flower), which is mainly sung among Han people. Widely popular in Le Kang and Hezheng County, Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province; Lintao and Weiyuan counties in Dingxi area; Min County (Zhou Min), Wudu, Dangchang and Wenxian in Wudu area; Lintan (Zhou Tao), Zhuoni and Zhouqu counties in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.
According to the tone, lyrics and singing style, Tao Min flowers can be divided into "South Flower" and "North Flower". Among them, "South Road Flower" is centered on Erlang Mountain Flower Festival in Min County, and "North Road Flower" is centered on Lianhua Mountain Flower Festival in Kangle County.
Tao Minhua is called "cursive script" by local people and is divided into "notebook flower" and "scattered flower". The so-called "Shuhua" refers to a complete set of vocals, including historical stories and folklore, such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Journey to the West, Legend of the White Snake, Water Margin and Zhu Yingtai. Scattered Flowers is mostly a short song improvised by the singer. The words and lines of the lyrics are free and generally rhyme. Some rhymes to the end, called "single set"; Any song with two or three rhymes is called a "two-tone set"
Tao Minhua is divided into opening song, question and answer song, duet, chorus, life song, short song and long narrative song according to the singing form.
(1) Hezhou Huaer
Hezhou flower is represented by Songming rock flower. Hezhou Huaer, also known as "Juvenile", is one of the best folk arts in China, with rich tunes and lyrics. The structure is neat and strange, and each song is usually four sentences. The first two sentences are metaphors, the last two sentences are romantic, and the first two paragraphs are the same phrase. One sentence for elders, seven short words. The language, meter, rhyme and syllable of the lyrics are very strict. Rhyme is the soul of Hezhou flowers, and the stress of logic and emotion is very prominent. Hezhou Huaer's "Changling" is long, slow and colorful, with the characteristics of sonority and vastness; The "short order" is short and pithy, lively and powerful. There are many variations in melody, such as "Hamilton", "Golden Blossom" and "Bai Mudan". There are hundreds of ballads circulating in Hezhou Flower Festival, among which the representative ones are Hezhou Daling, Hezhou Sanling, Shuihonghua, Bai Mudan, Gama, Dayan and Security Order. Wang, Han Yingxian and Han Yingxian all came to Beijing to participate in folk singing.
(2) Flowers in Lianhua Mountain
Lianhua Mountain is named after Lianhua Mountain, which intersects Kangle County and Gannan Prefecture. It belongs to Taomin Huaer North Road School and is popular in Le Kang, Zhenghe and Guanghe counties in Linxia Prefecture, Lintan and Zhuoni in Gannan Prefecture and Lintao and Weiyuan in Dingxi Prefecture. The basic meter is three sentences each, the first sentence is exciting, and the second and third sentences are narrative. Seven words per sentence. Singing content can be divided into "whole flowers" and "scattered flowers". A whole flower is a "flower" that tells the whole story or the whole content. Such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Journey to the West, Yang Jiajiang, Peony in December, Jiujiu Festival and Landscape Description of Lotus Mountain. All flowers have fixed lyrics, which are handed down from generation to generation by singers. Scattered Flowers is an improvisation. There are no fixed lyrics in this kind of music, but singers compose and sing live. There is only one tone of flowers in Lianhua Mountain, which is the preface of Lianhua Mountain. Because of the singer's creation, singing methods are diverse and eclectic. The flower singing in Lianhua Mountain is often a group of male and female singers. Male singers sing in falsetto, which sounds natural and harmonious and can't distinguish men from women. Singer Ding Rulan and others went to Beijing to participate in national singing. The representative flowers of Lianhua Mountain are "Lotus Hill Preface 1" and "Lotus Hill Preface 2".