Basic introduction of Chinese scientific name: gold and silver wood Latin scientific name: honeysuckle (Rupr. ) motto. Alias: Lonicera japonica, Hibiscus hibiscus Fruit Kingdom: Angiosperm: Dicotyledonous Plants Order: Dipsaceae: Caprifoliaceae: Lonicera japonica Plant Species: Lonicera japonica Distribution Area: North and South Provinces Origin: North Korea, Northeast Growth Habits: Light-loving, Shade-tolerant, Drought-tolerant and Cold-resistant Propagation Methods: Morphological characteristics of sowing and cutting, characteristics of flowers, fruit functions and growth environment. Winter buds are small, oval with 5-6 pairs or more scales. Leaves are made of paper and vary in shape. They are usually oval to ovoid-lanceolate, sparsely oblong-lanceolate or obovate-oblong, less rhombic-oblong or ovoid, 5-8 cm long, tapering or lengthening at the top, and wide wedge-shaped to round at the bottom. Petiole is 2-8 mm long. Flowers are fragrant, born in the axils of young branches, and the total pedicel length is 1-2 mm, which is shorter than the petiole; Bracts long, sometimes oblanceolate and leaflike, 3-6 mm long; How many bracteoles are connected in pairs and grow into calyx tubes? To almost equal, truncated at the top; Adjacent two calyx tubes are separated, about 2 mm long, hairless or sparsely glandular hairy, and the calyx eaves are bell-shaped, which is the length of calyx tubes? Equal length, dry film, triangular or lanceolate calyx teeth, unequal length, apex, cracks about half of calyx eaves; The corolla is white first and then yellow, with a length of 1-2 cm, a short or hairless outer cover, a lip shape, a tube length of about 1/2 of the lip length, and pilose inside; Stamens and styles are about the same length as corollas? Filaments and styles below the middle are pilose upward. Fruit The fruit is dark red, round and 5-6 mm in diameter; The seeds have honeycomb pits. The flowering period is May-June, and the fruit maturity is 8-65438+1October. Characteristics of flowers: Gemma has five stamens (anther+filament). Flowers bisexual, regular or irregular, corolla closed, tubular or whorled, sometimes 2-lipped. Calyx tube attached to ovary, corolla and calyx tube with 5 or 4 teeth. Usually bracteate; The ovary is inferior and has five stamens; Inflorescences vary greatly, mostly cymes, whorled or two flowers coexist. Fruit Function The fruits of Jin Mu are mostly used for sowing and reproduction, and cannot be eaten. According to Liu Zhonghua, an associate professor at the School of Biology, Beijing Forestry University, there are more than 40 kinds of common wild fruits in autumn in Beijing, among which more than 20 kinds are edible, such as jujube, Er Quan, hawthorn, persimmon, sand fruit, wild grape, chestnut and hazelnut. In addition, more than 20 kinds of fruits, such as Lycium barbarum, gold and silver wood and magnolia officinalis, are sour and inedible. Some will also cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and other adverse reactions. "Many wild fruits, such as gold and silver wood, are red and beautiful, but they can't be eaten." Liu Zhonghua reminded the general public not to be fooled by the beautiful appearance of wild fruits, in case of eating poisonous wild fruits by mistake. The growing environment is in the forest or in the bushes near the stream on the edge of the forest, with an altitude of 1800 meters (3000 meters in Yunnan and Tibet). It is distributed in eastern Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces, Hebei, southwestern Shanxi, Shaanxi, southeastern Gansu, eastern and southwestern Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, northern Zhejiang, Henan, Hubei, northwestern and southwestern Hunan (Xinning), northeastern Sichuan, Guizhou (Xingyi), eastern and northwestern Yunnan, and Tibet (Jilong). Korea, Japan and the Far East of the Soviet Union are also distributed. Cultivation techniques are suitable for temperate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest areas, and the main cities are Harbin, Mudanjiang, Hegang, Jixi, Shuangyashan, Yichun, Jiamusi, Changchun, Siping, Yanji, Fushun, Tieling and Benxi. North warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest area, major cities: Shenyang, Huludao, Dalian, Dandong, Anshan, Liaoyang, Jinzhou, Yingkou, Panjin, Beijing, Tianjin, Taiyuan, Linfen, Changzhi, Shijiazhuang, Qinhuangdao, Baoding, Tangshan, Handan, Xingtai, Chengde, Jinan, Dezhou, Yan 'an, Baoji and Tianshui; South warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest area, the main cities: Qingdao, Yantai, Rizhao, Weihai, Jining, Taian, Zibo, Weifang, Zaozhuang, Linyi, Laiwu, Dongying, Xintai, Tengzhou, Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Anyang, Xi, Xianyang, Xuzhou, Lianyungang, Yancheng, Huaibei, Bengbu and Hancheng. North subtropical deciduous, evergreen and broad-leaved mixed forest areas, major cities: Nanjing, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Nantong, Changzhou, Wuxi, Suzhou, Hefei, Wuhu, Anqing, Huainan, Xiangfan and Shiyan; Central subtropical evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest area, the main cities are: Wuhan, Shashi, Huangshi, Yichang, Nanchang, Jingdezhen, Jiujiang, Ji 'an, Jinggangshan, Ganzhou, Shanghai, Changsha, Zhuzhou, Yueyang, Huaihua, Jishou, Changde, Xiangtan, Hengyang, Shaoyang, Guilin, Wenzhou, Jinhua, Ningbo, Chongqing, Chengdu and Dujiangyan. South subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest area, major cities: Fuzhou, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Guangzhou, Foshan, Shunde, Dongguan, Huizhou, Shantou, Taipei, Liuzhou, Guiping and Gejiu. Cutting propagation generally uses hard cuttings in late autumn, and uses a small arch shed or a sunny bed to keep moisture and heat. 10- 165438+ Does the October tree have fallen leaves? At the above time, take the strong branches of the current year, cut them into cuttings about 10 cm long, and treat them with 50× 10-6 ABT 1 rooting powder solution for 12 hours before inserting. Cutting density is 5cm× 10cm, 200 plants/㎡, cutting depth? After insertion, water it once. Generally, it can take root before freezing, and germinate and branch in March-April of the following year. After survival, urea was applied once a month, every time every 667㎡ 10 kg. After beginning of autumn, NPK compound fertilizer was applied once to promote stem thickening and lignification. The height of the seedlings was more than 50 centimeters. Softwood cutting can also be carried out in the middle and late June, with proper management and high survival rate, and annual robust branches can also be selected for hard cutting in autumn. Cut the cuttings about 15-20cm long and keep the top 2-4 leaves. Insert the cuttings into clean river sand to a depth of 1/3- 1/2 of their length. After transplanting, properly shade and moisturize, and transplant in the nursery after the root system is strong enough. The cutting conditions should first select the cutting of the same year on the healthy mother plant of the same year; The cutting time is from June to August; Soak in 100PPMABT rooting powder for two hours before cutting; 2-2.5 cm deep; Keep the temperature at 20-30 degrees; Keep a certain humidity; The survival rate is above 98%. When the seeds of 10- 1 1 are fully mature, they are harvested, the fruits are mashed, washed with water, and the pulp is rubbed off. Pure seeds are selected by water, dried in the shade, stored in the middle and late of the following year 1, and the seeds are taken out to accelerate germination. Soak the seeds in warm water for 3 hours, take them out, mix them into 2-3 times of wet sand, place them in the leeward and sunny places to increase the temperature and accelerate germination, cover them with plastic film, keep them moist, frequently plough them, replenish water and keep warm. In the middle and late March, the seeds can be sown when they begin to germinate. Seedbed furrow drilling, row spacing of 20-25 cm, furrow depth of 2-3 cm, sowing amount of 50g/ 10㎡, covering soil about 1 cm, and then covering agricultural film to keep moisture and raise temperature. Seedling can emerge in 20-30 days after sowing, and the agricultural film is removed and interplanted in time after seedling emergence. When the height of the seedlings is 4-5cm, the seedlings are fixed, and the seedling spacing is 10- 15cm. Top-dressing urea once in May and June, with an application rate of 667m2 15-20kg each time. Watering in time, intertillage and weeding, the seedlings can reach more than 40 cm in that year. In the spring of the second year after the second seedling raising, the seedlings should be moved in time to expand the plant spacing, which can be planted according to the plant spacing of 40 cm× 50 cm. Top dressing 3-4 times a year, and you can leave the garden after 2 years of cultivation. Or every other plant is removed to become 50 cm ×80 cm, and the large seedlings are continuously cultivated. If the tree is cultivated, one strong branch should be cut off after transplanting, the rest branches should be drained, and the sprouting lateral branches and tillers at the lower part should be picked in time to control their growth and promote the growth of the trunk. The management planting density before harvest is 2-3m2 1 plant. Gold and silver wood is slightly drought-resistant, but it grows well in a slightly wet and dry soil environment. When planting, in addition to applying appropriate amount of pig manure as base fertilizer, liquid fertilizer should be applied every two months during the vigorous growth period. Gold and silver wood likes strong light, and it should receive direct sunlight for no less than 4 hours every day. It grows well in a cool environment. Good ventilation in the environment is conducive to the smooth photosynthesis of plants. Gold and silver trees like warm environment and are cold-resistant. They can overwinter in the open air in most parts of northern China. The optimum growth temperature is 14-28℃, and the overwintering temperature is not lower than-15℃. More new branches will grow in precious wood every year, so some old branches should be cut off to play the role of shaping, pruning and renewing branches. This treatment is also helpful to produce high-quality precious wood cuttings. Main value garden uses: lush foliage, dark green leaves, bright red fruits and good ornamental effect. Flowers and fruits are beautiful and have high ornamental value. In spring, you can enjoy flowers and smell incense, and in autumn, you can see many red fruits. In late spring and early summer, layers of bloom, gold and silver set each other off. From a distance, the whole plant looks like a beautiful big flower ball. Flowers are elegant and fragrant, attracting bees to fly around, so gold and silver wood is an excellent nectar source tree species. In autumn, red fruits are covered with branches, which are really attractive and provide delicious food for birds. In gardens, gold and silver trees are often planted on lawns, hillsides, forest edges, roadsides or around buildings, which are suitable for enjoying flowers and fruits.